Learn how USDA’s revised 2024-2025 milk forecasts could boost dairy prices. Will it affect your profits? Discover more.

Summary:

The USDA’s latest market outlook for September 2024 delivers a crucial update: milk production forecasts for 2024 and 2025 have been revised downward due to lower milk per cow yields, yet all-milk prices are expected to rise. The average number of milk cows, milk per cow, and total milk production numbers see reductions, but the forecasted all-milk price for 2024 has been pushed up to $23.05 per hundredweight, a $0.70 increase from last month. In 2025, the price is expected to reach $23.45 per hundredweight. These changes underscore the need for strategic planning in the dairy industry, balancing profitability and sustainability in light of high export demand and cheaper feed costs. The average number of milk cows for 2024 is predicted to be 9.335 million with the milk output per cow reduced to 24,200 pounds. For 2025, the USDA predicts a constant number of dairy cows at 9.360 million but estimates a reduced milk output per cow by 30 pounds, resulting in a total U.S. milk output of 227.9 billion pounds.

Key Takeaways:

• The USDA’s forecasts for milk production in 2024 and 2025 have been revised downward due to lower milk per cow estimates.
• Wholesale prices for all dairy products in 2024 and 2025 have been adjusted upward, reflecting recent market trends.
• The all-milk price for 2024 is now projected to be $23.05 per cwt, up $0.75 from the previous forecast; for 2025, it is forecasted at $23.45 per cwt.
• July 2024 saw a decrease in U.S. milk production by 0.4% compared to July 2023, though milk fat production continues to increase.
• The Dairy Margin Coverage (DMC) program reported the highest farm-milk margin of the year at $12.33 per cwt in July 2024.
• Feed costs for dairy farmers have decreased significantly in July 2024, with corn, alfalfa hay, and soybean meal prices all lower year-over-year.
• U.S. dairy exports surged in July 2024, driven by increased shipments of cheese, skim milk products, and dry whey.
• Domestic consumption of dairy products has declined, partly due to challenges in the food service sector.
• Projections for 2025 indicate continued higher prices for dairy products, but potential limitations in export competitiveness due to those higher prices.

The USDA’s most recent modification to milk production predictions for 2024 and 2025 provides an essential lens through which dairy farmers and industry experts must assess the changing scenario. Lower milk production predictions of 225.9 billion pounds in 2024 and a rise in all-milk prices to $23.05 per hundredweight (cwt) highlight the need for strategic planning. Anticipated milk production decreases in 2025, along with price rises to $23.45 per cwt, underscore the significance of taking a proactive approach to balancing profitability and sustainability in market upheavals.

USDA Forecast Revisions: A Closer Look at the 2024 Dairy Outlook

The USDA’s updated 2024 predictions include many notable changes that will substantially affect the dairy business. According to the most recent statistics, the average number of milk cows is predicted to be 9.335 million, a minor decrease of 5,000 head. Furthermore, the milk output per cow has been reduced to 24,200 pounds, a loss of 30 pounds per cow. As a result, total milk output is expected to be 225.9 billion pounds, down by 0.4 billion pounds from prior estimates.

These negative adjustments are based on current inventory and production data. Lower-than-expected performance measures from dairy cows throughout the country have prompted the USDA to revise its estimates. These modifications are consistent with what many dairy producers may have seen firsthand: a problematic year for milk output. Feed quality, herd health, and environmental circumstances have affected these altered statistics. Given these factors, the USDA’s diligent efforts to present a more accurate and realistic prognosis for the following year should reassure the industry.

Surging All-Milk Price Forecast: The Silver Lining in a Challenging Year

The updated all-milk price projection for 2024 is $23.05 per hundredweight, representing a $0.75 increase over the prior estimate. This price increase results from several causes, the most significant of which are recent changes in dairy product pricing. For example, the USDA’s National Dairy Products Sales Report showed considerable gains in several dairy commodities during the week ending August 10 and the week ending September 7, 2024. Prices for 40-pound blocks of cheddar cheese rose by 16.26 cents per pound, while 500-pound barrels rose by 25.94 cents per pound. Butter prices increased by 6.90 cents per pound, while nonfat dry milk and dry whey jumped by 4.45 cents and 4.14 cents per pound, respectively.

A tighter milk supply, resulting from lower milk estimates per cow, has also contributed to rising costs. With US milk output down to 225.9 billion pounds, the market is reacting by raising prices to balance supply and demand. External factors, such as high export demand and relatively cheap feed costs, have fueled the rise in milk prices. Dairy producers’ margins are expected to increase as product prices rise. However, the scarcity of dairy heifers may limit herd growth in the medium future.

USDA’s 2025 Dairy Projections: Navigating Challenges and Opportunities

The USDA’s updated predictions for 2025 forecast a constant number of dairy cows at 9.360 million, unchanged from previous estimates. However, the estimated milk output per cow has been reduced by 30 pounds to 24,345 pounds. As a result, the total U.S. milk output in 2025 is expected to be 227.9 billion pounds, down 0.3 billion pounds from last month’s prediction. These changes indicate a potential challenge for dairy farmers, as a lower milk supply may lead to higher farmgate prices, helping to buffer margins against growing operating expenses. However, it also implies increased competition among farmers to enhance efficiency and output within the restrictions set by these forecasts.

What’s causing these changes? Experts blame various variables for the lower milk-per-cow prediction. To begin, a downward trend in productivity growth has been noted. Farmers find it more challenging to increase milk output due to feed quality constraints and herd management measures. The prior negative adjustments in milk-per-cow for 2024 established a precedent, lowering expectations for significant gains in later years.

The repercussions of these changes are profound. For dairy producers, the lower prediction indicates a lower milk supply, which may lead to higher farmgate prices, helping to buffer margins against growing operating expenses. However, it also implies increased competition among farmers to enhance efficiency and output within the restrictions set by these forecasts. This potential for increased competition should motivate farmers to strive for greater efficiency and productivity.

For the industry, decreasing output means higher wholesale and retail dairy product costs. Consumers may confront increased costs, dampening demand, although overseas solid markets may offset any domestic consumption decreases. Furthermore, processors and dairy-related firms must carefully traverse this scenario, devising strategies to adapt to a market with restricted supply but greater price volatility.

Looking forward, stakeholders must constantly monitor these developments and plan appropriately. Whether you’re a dairy farmer planning your next move or a dairy supply chain specialist, strategic planning is paramount. Understanding these characteristics and planning accordingly will be critical to not just surviving but flourishing in the changing market climate in 2025.

Rising Wholesale Dairy Prices: A Double-Edged Sword for the Industry

Wholesale dairy product prices have lately risen, following more significant market trends. For example, between early August and early September 2024, the price of 40-pound blocks of Cheddar cheese increased by 16.26 cents per pound, while 500-pound Cheddar cheese barrels witnessed an even more significant rise of 25.94 cents per pound. Butter prices also increased by 6.90 cents per pound. Similarly, the price of dry whey climbed by 4.14 cents per pound, while nonfat dry milk (NDM) rose by 4.45 cents per pound.

The total impact of these price increases is multifaceted. Higher dairy product prices may increase farmers’ incomes, balancing some financial difficulties caused by decreased production levels. On the other hand, increased expenses may result in higher consumer prices and influence demand, particularly in sensitive areas such as food service. Furthermore, increasing wholesale costs may make U.S. dairy products less competitive globally, reducing export quantities. This could have significant implications for the dairy supply chain, as increased wholesale prices provide immediate financial comfort for manufacturers and pose hazards that need careful management and strategic planning.

July 2024: A Month of Mixed Results for U.S. Milk Production and Margins

The most recent USDA figures show that U.S. milk output in July 2024 was 18.915 billion pounds, a 0.4% decrease from July 2023. The average number of milk cows was 9.325 million, a 43,000 decrease from the previous year but a 5,000 gain over the previous month. Milk output per cow increased slightly to 2,028 pounds, up 1 pound yearly.

Milk-component percentages continue to rise. The milk-fat test for July raised to 4.07% from 3.99% in July 2023. Similarly, the nonfat-solids test increased 8.95% from 8.92% the prior year.

The Dairy Margin Coverage (DMC) program recorded the most significant farm-milk margin of the year in July, at $12.33 per hundredweight (cwt), staying over the $9.50 per cwt Tier 1 coverage standard for the fifth month in a row. This margin was $8.81 per cwt larger than in July 2023, primarily due to lower feed costs and higher all-milk pricing. The DMC program’s farm-milk margin is a crucial factor in dairy farmers’ profitability, and its increase in July 2024 is a positive sign for the industry.

Feeding Your Bottom Line: How Lower Feed Costs Are Boosting Dairy Margins

Feed costs are a vital component in determining dairy profits. In July 2024, the USDA reported a significant decrease in the cost of critical feed components. Corn prices fell to $4.24 per bushel, a considerable fall of $1.98 from the previous year. Similarly, alfalfa hay prices fell significantly, reaching $183.00 per short ton, a $63 decrease from the previous year. Furthermore, the price of soybean meal decreased to $364.3 per short ton, down $78.85 from July 2023.

These lower feed costs have a direct beneficial influence on dairy profitability. Lower feed prices cut dairy producers’ input costs, enabling them to maintain or even enhance profitability despite variations in milk prices. For example, in July, the Dairy Margin Coverage (DMC) program showed farm-milk margins of more than $12.33 per hundredweight, the most significant margin this year. This significant gain is mainly driven by decreased feed costs and an increase in all-milk prices, which averaged $22.80 per hundredweight, up $5.50 from July 2023.

The drop in feed costs brings much-needed financial respite to dairy producers. With feed being one of the most significant costs in dairy farming, these reductions help farm resilience and stability, particularly in a market context marked by fluctuating dairy product prices and shifting production dynamics.

July 2024: Surging U.S. Dairy Exports Reflect Robust Global Demand

In July 2024, U.S. dairy exports skyrocketed to 4.306 billion pounds on a milk-equivalent skim-solids basis, up 331 million pounds from July 2023. Exports of milk fat totaled 1.055 billion pounds, an increase of 80 million pounds over the previous year. Increased exports of cheese, skim milk, and dry whey are driving this increase. Conversely, lactose exports fell.

Imports rose significantly due to increased butter, baby formula, and casein imports. On a milk-fat basis, in July 2024, imports reached 806 million pounds, up 190 million pounds from the previous year. On a skim-solids basis, imports were 584 million pounds, up 12 million pounds from July 2023.

What does this entail for the local and foreign markets? The considerable increase in U.S. dairy exports reflects the high worldwide demand for American dairy goods like cheese and dry whey. The import growth of butter and specialist items such as baby formula indicates a tightening local supply and high consumer demand that domestic manufacturing needs to fulfill.

Rising import levels may indicate future pricing pressures on locally produced dairy products, necessitating savvy navigation by dairy farmers and industry partners. The increasing worldwide presence of U.S. dairy products highlights the country’s competitiveness. Still, it is essential to note that global demand and policies may fluctuate.

Tackling Declining Domestic Dairy Consumption: Strategies in an Evolving Food Service Landscape 

The recent drop in domestic dairy consumption, notably in the food service sector, poses a severe threat to the dairy industry. Several reasons have contributed to this slump, including lower consumer spending, growing operating expenses, and shifting consumer tastes.

One important consideration is the performance of the food service industry. The National Restaurant Association’s Restaurant Performance Index (RPI) shows a persistent declining trend until 2024. This reduction shows that eateries are experiencing significant headwinds. Consumers’ disposable income has reduced, resulting in less eating out and directly influencing demand for dairy products used in food service. Furthermore, growing food and operational expenses have caused many restaurants to change their menus, typically opting for less expensive dairy-free product equivalents.

In addition, changing consumer tastes are having an impact. There is a rising preference for plant-based diets and lactose-free goods, which has reduced demand for conventional dairy products. Consumers’ shopping decisions increasingly reflect these ideals as they grow more health-sensitive and ecologically conscientious.

The effects on the dairy business are diverse. Lower domestic consumption suggests that there is a surplus supply in the market. Even if wholesale prices for dairy products have increased, this surplus could reduce costs. However, the sector must strike a difficult balance between preserving profitability and meeting shifting demand. The decrease in domestic consumption, notably fat and solids, indicates that dairy farmers and allied enterprises may face financial difficulties.

Finally, to minimize this decrease, the industry may need to innovate by creating new dairy products that align with current consumer trends or by marketing and educating consumers to make old goods more appealing. Furthermore, increasing exports may assist in offsetting declining local demand.

What Do the 2024 Dairy Projections Tell Us? 

When examining the dairy market forecast for 2024, specific predictions for several market aspects, such as imports, exports, domestic usage, and wholesale pricing, need to be considered. What do these projections tell us about the next year?

According to the USDA’s most recent statistics, milk-fat imports are forecast to rise to 9.0 billion pounds in 2024, boosted by increased imports of butter and butter derivatives, which will balance losses in cheese and other dairy products. Concurrently, skim-solids imports are stable at 6.9 billion pounds.

Conversely, dairy exports are expected to increase owing to high worldwide demand, notably for nonfat dry milk, casein, and lactose. Exports of milk fat are forecast to reach 11.6 billion pounds, while skim-solids are expected to reach 48.9 billion pounds.

Domestic usage presents an exciting narrative. The prediction predicts a modest decrease in domestic consumption, owing to tighter milk supply and increased dairy product pricing. Domestic consumption is predicted to fall to 222.6 billion pounds on a milk-fat basis, compared to 183.1 billion pounds on a skim-solids basis.

Wholesale pricing is another critical factor. With increased expected dairy prices, wholesale pricing predictions for essential items such as Cheddar cheese, dry whey, butter, and NDM have been revised upward. Cheddar cheese, for example, is expected to cost $1.930 per pound (+10.50 cents), dry whey at $0.475 per pound (+0.50 cents), butter at $3.000 per pound (+1.00 cents), and NDM at $1.220 per pound (+2.5 cents).

The variables influencing these estimates stem from a complex interaction of local and global developments. Reduced milk per cow growth forecasts and stable dairy cows results in tighter supply. This tightening supply is accompanied by strong export demand and stable prices for dairy products nationally and worldwide. Furthermore, shifting feed prices complicates the equation, affecting dairy profits and production choices.

These estimates significantly influence the sector. Higher wholesale prices may improve manufacturers’ incomes. Still, they also indicate higher costs for local customers and perhaps worse competitiveness in foreign markets. The challenge for dairy producers is to optimize production efficiency and capitalize on good market circumstances without overextending resources in anticipation of price fluctuations.

Are you prepared to negotiate these dynamics next year? The dairy market in 2024 requires careful strategic planning and adaptation. Stay informed, be proactive, and ensure your operations align with evolving trends.

Looking Ahead to 2025: Opportunities and Obstacles in the Dairy Market 

Looking forward to 2025, the dairy business faces both possibilities and challenges. Let’s examine the comprehensive prediction for the year, breaking down the critical parts of imports, exports, domestic usage, and wholesale pricing.

Imports: As domestic dairy product prices rise, we anticipate increased imports as U.S. purchasers seek more cost-effective alternatives. The 2025 prediction predicts milk-fat imports of 8.6 billion pounds, while skim-solids imports are expected to be 7.1 billion pounds. The demand for cheese, butter, butterfat, and milk protein is anticipated to fuel this increase.

Exports: While domestic prices may increase imports, they may also make U.S. dairy goods less competitive globally. Consequently, exports on a skim-solids basis are predicted to decline slightly to 49.8 billion pounds. In contrast, milk-fat basis exports are predicted to be stable at 11.3 billion pounds. The challenge will be to balance competitive pricing with rising worldwide demand, especially for higher-end items such as nonfat dry milk and casein.

Domestic usage: The prediction anticipates that domestic usage in 2025 will vary according to product category. Milk-fat-based domestic usage is predicted to fall slightly to 224.4 billion pounds. In comparison, skim-solids-based consumption is expected to climb to 184.0 billion pounds. This indicates strong domestic demand for high-protein whey products and other dairy solids, which offsets the decline in milk-fat-based product consumption.

Wholesale Prices: Projections show that wholesale prices will rise across the board. Cheddar cheese costs are predicted to rise to $1.94 per pound, butter to $3.005, and nonfat dry milk to $1.235 per pound. Dry whey will witness a modest price hike to $0.485 per pound. As a result, the Class III and IV milk price estimates will be adjusted higher, reaching $19.60 and $21.20 per cwt, respectively. The all-milk price is expected to grow steadily to $23.45 per cwt in 2025, driven by strong demand and tighter supply.

What does this imply for you as a dairy professional in 2025? The challenges will include controlling growing expenses and balancing supply and demand dynamics. However, possibilities exist for capitalizing on high-margin exports and adjusting to altering domestic consumption trends. To optimize your earnings, prioritize efficiency, explore new markets, and use the most recent industry knowledge.

The Bottom Line

As we navigate these uncertain times in the dairy sector, it is critical to understand the significant points from the USDA’s most recent predictions and market data. Consistent milk production decreases, and all-milk prices increase, emphasizing the significance of adaptability and knowledge. Understanding these patterns enables you to adjust your tactics appropriately, protect your margins, and seize opportunities when they emerge. Accept the precise facts and estimates to improve your company operations and make sound judgments. Stay watchful and educated, and plan for a successful future in the ever-changing dairy industry.

Learn more: 

• Is 2024 Shaping Up to Be a Disappointing Year for Dairy Exports and Milk Yields?
• 2024’s Shocking Milk Price Trends: Declining Production and Surprising Market Gaps
• Will Favorable Margins Propel U.S. Milk Production to New Heights?

Join the Revolution!

Bullvine Daily is your essential e-zine for staying ahead in the dairy industry. With over 30,000 subscribers, we bring you the week’s top news, helping you manage tasks efficiently. Stay informed about milk production, tech adoption, and more, so you can concentrate on your dairy operations.