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Archive for Management

Global Dairy Cattle Diseases Cost Farmers $65 Billion Annually: How Comorbidities Impact Your Bottom Line

Monday, September 2nd, 2024

Uncover how diseases in dairy cattle cost farmers $65 billion each year. Learn about comorbidities’ impact and how to reduce your losses.

Summary: A silent crisis might be creeping into your dairy farm, shrinking your bottom line without realizing it. Dairy cattle diseases like mastitis, lameness, and ketosis are silently gnawing at global profits, causing a staggering $65 billion annual loss worldwide. Imagine facing these challenges while also dealing with overlapping health issues or comorbidities that further complicate management and financial recovery. This article dives into the multifaceted impact of these diseases on milk yield, fertility, and culling rates, offering insights from industry experts, regional economic analysis, and practical preventive strategies to protect your assets and maximize productivity. The actual cost of cattle diseases is in lost milk and the ripple effects across the farm. Are you ready to turn the tide against these profit thieves?

Dairy cattle diseases are causing a significant $65 billion annual loss globally.
Conditions like mastitis, lameness, and ketosis majorly contribute to these losses.
Comorbidities, or overlapping health issues, exacerbate management challenges.
The diseases negatively impact milk yield, fertility, and culling rates.
This article provides expert insights, practical strategies, and regional economic analysis.
Understanding the full extent of these impacts can help protect farm assets and maximize productivity.

dairy cow illnesses, mastitis, lameness, paratuberculosis, displaced abomasum, dystocia, metritis, milk fever, ovarian cysts, retained placenta, ketosis, financial losses, early detection, management, subclinical ketosis, low production, reproductive concerns, clinical mastitis, swelling, fever, decreased milk quality, fertility, extended calving interval, increased culling risk, subclinical mastitis, milk production reduction, comorbidities, decline in milk supply, economic losses, strategic management, regular health checks, preventive measures, milking practices, nutrition, foot health programs.

Imagine losing $65 billion each year. That is the enormous yearly loss resulting from dairy cow illnesses throughout the globe. These infections are more than a health issue for dairy producers; they are a financial nightmare. But what if you could prevent a significant portion of these losses? Diseases like mastitis and ketosis, while costly, are largely preventable. Understanding the financial impact of these illnesses is critical for dairy farmers to maintain their livelihood. So, how are these losses estimated, and what can dairy farmers do to prevent them? Stay with us as we break down the data and provide practical insights to help you protect your herd’s health—and your financial line.

Imagine Waking Up to Silent Profit Thieves: Mastitis, Lameness, and Ketosis Hitting Your Wallet Hard

Imagine waking up daily to care for your dairy cattle, only to discover that problems like mastitis, lameness, and ketosis are slowly eroding your income. Dairy farming is not only a profession but a way of life. Nonetheless, these 12 significant disorders – mastitis (subclinical and clinical), lameness, paratuberculosis (Johne’s disease), displaced abomasum, dystocia, metritis, milk fever, ovarian cysts, retained placenta, and ketosis (subclinical and clinical) – are causing havoc worldwide. Explain why they are essential and how they will affect your finances.

Subclinical Ketosis: The Hidden Energy Crisis
Subclinical ketosis (SCK) is the most costly illness afflicting dairy cows, resulting in yearly worldwide losses of over $18 billion (B). But why is SCK so expensive? It often goes unnoticed because it lacks apparent signs. This concealed component causes protracted periods of low production and reproductive concerns. However, these losses can be significantly reduced with early detection and intervention. Cows with SCK had a substantially lower milk yield—up to 8.4% less each lactation than healthy cows [Raboisson et al., 2014]. A farm that produces 10,000 gallons of milk each year corresponds to an 840-gallon loss, which can be mitigated with early detection and management.
Clinical Mastitis: The Visible Threat
Clinical mastitis (CM) ranks second, resulting in yearly worldwide losses of around $13 billion [Boujenane et al., 2015; Heikkilä et al., 2018; Fukushima et al., 2022]. The illness causes apparent signs such as swelling, fever, and decreased milk quality, forcing producers to take fast action. However, what makes CM so harmful is its complicated influence on cow health. Fertility drops dramatically, extending the calving interval by around 8.42% [Schrick et al., 2001; Klaas et al., 2004]. The culling risk also increases, with afflicted cows being 2.3 times more likely to be killed prematurely [Sharifi et al., 2013; Haine et al., 2017]. Each early culling causes a farmer to spend on a new animal, which increases the economic burden.
Subclinical Mastitis: The Silent Milk Thief
Subclinical mastitis (SCM) ranks third, with annual global losses hovering around $9B [Krishnamoorthy et al., 2021]. Unlike its clinical counterpart, SCM silently lingers, diminishing milk quality and yield without drawing immediate attention. Studies reveal that SCM can reduce milk production by up to 6.29% per lactation [Pfützner and Ózsvari, 2017]. Although it does not elevate the culling risk to the extent of CM, it still increases the likelihood by 1.45 times [Beaudeau et al., 1995]. SCM often progresses to clinical mastitis if left untreated, doubling the financial damage over time.

When you look at your herd, these figures strike home. Each cow infected with one of these illnesses incurs more veterinary costs, reduces milk output, and may need early culling. The financial pressure includes not only immediate expenditures but also missed potential. Implementing effective management methods and early illness identification may significantly reduce losses, proving that your efforts are worthwhile. Understanding and tackling these factors might help you regain control of the economic situation.

Comorbidities: The Overlapping Health Battles

When addressing illnesses in dairy cattle, it’s critical to comprehend the idea of comorbidities. This word describes several health concerns present in a single animal. Consider a farmer who not only has a terrible back but also suffers from recurrent headaches and hypertension. Each disease is complex, but they all add to the difficulty of everyday existence. The same goes for dairy cows.

For example, a cow with mastitis may have lameness or ketosis. These circumstances do not add up; they may increase one another’s effects. Mastitis affects the milk supply, but if the cow is lame, it may struggle to reach the milking station, resulting in even less milk. When forced into ketosis, the cow becomes even less productive because it runs on empty, lacking the energy required to operate correctly.

Understanding comorbidities is critical for evaluating economic losses. Suppose you overlook that cows might suffer from various diseases simultaneously. In that case, you can conclude that a cow loses 10% of her yield due to mastitis and another 10% due to lameness, for a total loss of 20%. The losses are typically more severe owing to the added stress and many necessary treatments, which may further drive up prices. This makes precise economic evaluations difficult but vital for comprehending the effect on dairy output and farm finances.

By considering comorbidities, we can construct more accurate and realistic models. This allows farmers to grasp the actual cost of illnesses and make better choices regarding preventative and treatment measures. This comprehensive strategy guarantees that no hidden losses are neglected, eventually helping to preserve the farmer’s bottom line.

Field Stories: How Comorbidities Devastate Dairy Farms Worldwide

Case studies worldwide demonstrate the high toll that comorbidities exact on dairy farms. They generally present as a slew of minor ailments that accumulate into significant economic drains.

Take Jim from Wisconsin as an example. Jim, an industry veteran, recently expressed his frustrations: “It began with lameness in a few cows, something we had previously dealt with. But shortly after, we saw an increase in mastitis. It seemed like we were patching one hole to have another open. The vet fees and lower milk output struck us hard—not something we expected.” Jim’s farm had a 15% decline in milk supply in only two months, which was related to the interconnected nature of the illnesses.
Karen encountered a different but equally difficult situation in New Zealand. “We’ve controlled ketosis in the past, but this time it escalated. We had cows suffering from milk fever simultaneously, which exacerbated their symptoms. When cows suffer from several health conditions, recovery is delayed and more costly. Our expenditures virtually quadrupled, and we had to cut more than I’d like to admit.” Karen’s dilemma demonstrates the need to control and predict these overlapping health problems.
In India, the effects of comorbidities are felt deeply due to the scale of their dairy operations. Rakesh, who manages a 200-head dairy farm, said, “We already struggle with diseases like mastitis and lameness. The cost is enormous When an outbreak and multiple diseases overlap. The productivity dips, and so does the families’ income dependent on these farms. It’s a vicious cycle hard to break without significant support and intervention.” His experience underscores the broader socio-economic impacts beyond just the farm gates.

These real-world examples highlight the importance of comorbidities in dairy farming. These are not isolated occurrences or figures but pervasive difficulties that farmers encounter daily, making proactive management and sound health regulations more critical than ever.

The Global Economic Impact: How Your Region Stacks Up

One intriguing conclusion from the research is that the economic burden of dairy cow illnesses varies significantly by area. For example, overall yearly losses differ substantially, with India, the United States, and China bearing the worst economic impacts. Losses in India total $12 billion, outweighing those in other areas. The US is just a little behind, with an estimated yearly loss of $8 billion. China ranks third, with $5 billion in annual losses.

Various variables, including herd size, management approaches, and local economic situations, drive these variances. Herd size is critical; more enormous herds naturally have more significant aggregate losses when illness strikes. For example, Indian farms often have bigger herd sizes, significantly increasing overall loss estimates. Management techniques have a significant impact. Advanced technology in the United States may mitigate certain losses. Still, significant economic expenses remain due to the large amount of milk produced.

Local economic factors further impact regional variances. The cost of veterinary services, medicine, and other inputs varies greatly, influencing farmers’ financial burden. While labor and treatment expenses may be cheaper in certain nations, reduced productivity might be more evident in higher-income areas with higher milk prices, increasing the economic impact per unit of lost output. This geographical variance highlights the need for personalized therapies and illness management techniques that consider these local differences. This guarantees that each area can successfully offset the unique economic repercussions.

Digging Deeper into Regional Variations: Key Players and Economic Factors

While overall aggregate losses are significant internationally, they vary significantly by area. For example, India, the United States, and China lead the way in absolute losses, with projected yearly estimates of roughly USD 12 billion, USD 8 billion, and USD 5 billion, respectively. Herd size is critical. India has the world’s largest dairy herd, which increases economic losses when illnesses occur. Modern dairy management methods and large herd numbers in the United States imply that health concerns may swiftly escalate into significant financial burdens.

Management strategies vary greatly and have a significant economic effect on dairy cow illnesses. Early illness diagnosis and treatment may help reduce long-term losses in places with innovative herd health management methods, like Europe and North America. However, the economic toll is generally worse in low-income communities, where preventative measures and veterinary care are scarce.

Local economic factors also contribute to inequality. Countries with solid agricultural industries, such as New Zealand and Denmark, may experience huge per capita losses since the dairy industry accounts for a significant portion of their GDP. Larger economies like the United States and China disperse these losses among a broader range of economic activity, resulting in slightly diminished per capita consequences. The heterogeneity highlights the need for specialized measures in controlling dairy cow illnesses across areas.

From Reactive to Proactive: Strategic Management to Combat Dairy Cattle Diseases

Combating dairy cow illnesses requires a proactive strategy to guarantee your herd’s health and production. Strategic management strategies may significantly decrease economic losses. Here’s how you can get started:

Regular Health Checkups: An Ounce of Prevention
Regular health checks are essential. Schedule frequent veterinarian checkups to detect and treat problems early. Involve your veterinarian in creating a thorough health plan for your herd. Early diagnosis may save minor concerns from turning into expensive difficulties.
Invest in Preventive Measures: Upgrade Your Defense
Preventive healthcare should be a key component of your illness management plan. Vaccinations, sufficient diet, and clean living conditions are crucial. Implement biosecurity measures to prevent illnesses from spreading. Investing in high-quality feed and supplements may strengthen your cows’ immune systems, making them less prone to sickness.
Optimize Milking Practices: Clean and Effective
Mastitis is one of the most expensive illnesses; reasonable milking procedures are essential for prevention. Make sure that the milking equipment is cleaned and working properly. Train your crew on optimal milking techniques to reduce the danger of infection.
Monitor and Manage Nutrition: The Right Balance
Nutritional abnormalities commonly cause subclinical ketosis. Collaborate with a nutritionist to develop feeds that fulfill the energy requirements of high-producing cows, particularly during transitional seasons. Monitor your cows’ body condition scores regularly and alter feeding practices appropriately.
Foot Health Programs: Walking the Talk
Proper hoof care may treat lameness. Trim cow hooves regularly and ensure they tread on clean, dry surfaces. Implement footbaths and monitor foot health to discover and address problems early. Comfortable, well-kept flooring may help reduce hoof injuries and infections.
Data-Driven Decisions: Precision Farming
Use technology to monitor herd health. Make educated choices based on health records, milk production, and activity monitor data. Software technologies may identify patterns and detect future health issues before they worsen.
Employee Training: Knowledge is Power
Ensure that your farmhands are well-taught to spot early indicators of common illnesses and to deal with sick animals. Regular training sessions help your staff stay updated on the newest disease management methods. A competent workforce serves as your first line of protection against illness outbreaks.

These measures may reduce economic losses and improve your herd’s health and production. Proactive management is essential for a sustainable and successful dairy farming enterprise.

Veterinarian Insights: Expert Tips on Disease Prevention

Veterinarians are critical to keeping your herd healthy and your farm profitable. Their knowledge may be very beneficial in controlling and avoiding illnesses like mastitis, lameness, and ketosis. We contacted leading veterinarians to get insight into illness prevention and management. Let’s go into their suggestions.

Early Detection is Key
The earlier you detect a condition, the more influential the therapy. Regular monitoring and prompt response may mitigate long-term consequences. For example, if detected early, subclinical mastitis may be treated before it impacts milk output. Routine testing and thorough monitoring of your livestock may prevent more severe problems.
Balanced Nutrition
A good diet is the cornerstone of illness prevention. A well-balanced diet for your cows may help avoid diseases like ketosis and milk fever. Providing your cattle with enough minerals, vitamins, and energy will help strengthen their immune systems and make them more resistant to infections and metabolic diseases.
Clean and Comfortable Living Conditions
Using clean bedding and keeping barns well-ventilated can avoid many infections. Cramped circumstances and poor sanitation may cause mastitis outbreaks and other illnesses. A clean, pleasant environment decreases stress for your cows, making them less susceptible to sickness.
Regular Vaccinations
Vaccination regimens should be regularly followed to ensure the herd’s health. Keep your immunization regimen up to date. Many infections that may impede productivity can be prevented with timely vaccinations. Work with your veterinarian to develop a thorough immunization strategy that addresses all significant hazards to your herd.
Consistent Foot Care
Foot care is frequently disregarded, although it is critical in avoiding lameness. Regular hoof trimming and inspections may detect problems before they develop serious lameness concerns. Implementing a foot health program will keep your cows flexible and productive.
Effective Biosecurity Measures
Controlling the movement of people, animals, and equipment on and off your farm may help prevent disease transmission. Biosecurity is the first line of protection. Limiting interaction with other animals and ensuring visitors adhere to proper cleanliness practices minimize the danger of new infections entering your herd.
Strategic Use of Antibiotics
Antibiotics should be administered cautiously to avoid resistance. Antibiotics should only be used when necessary and with a veterinarian’s supervision. Antibiotic overuse may cause germs to develop resistance, making illnesses more challenging to treat in the long term.

Implementing these expert recommendations dramatically enhances disease prevention and herd health. Please maintain open contact lines with your veterinarian and include them in your ongoing farm management approach. Remember, prevention is always preferable to treatment.

The Bottom Line

In this post, we looked at the substantial economic effect of dairy cow illnesses such as mastitis, lameness, and ketosis, which cause billions of dollars in worldwide losses each year. Subclinical disorders such as subclinical mastitis and ketosis may quietly drain revenues without causing noticeable signs, and the existence of many co-occurring diseases exacerbates these losses. Countries like India, the United States, and China suffer the most significant aggregate losses. At the same time, smaller countries with concentrated dairy sectors also bear the burden per capita. To protect your herd and financial success, prioritize proactive health management methods, including frequent checkups, preventative measures, enhanced milking routines, and foot health programs. Think about these ideas and consider adopting them into your operations to reduce losses and increase productivity.

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Categories : Management

The Shift in Dairy Farming: Will Large Dairies Overtake Milk Cooperatives as Small Farms Disappear?

Monday, July 8th, 2024

Explore the future of dairy farming: Will large dairies replace milk cooperatives as small farms vanish? Discover the impact on the U.S. milk supply and industry trends.

Imagine a day when, instead of being handled via a cooperative, the milk in your refrigerator comes straight from a large dairy farm. This is not far-fetched; it is growing more and more plausible. According to Rabobank, smaller dairy farms are fast disappearing, while around 46% of the U.S. milk supply is generated on the largest 3% of farms with more than 2,500 cows. What, then, does this imply for the distribution and manufacturing of milk? We investigate the dynamics of the dairy sector with an eye on the growth of large operations and the fall in local dairies.

Farm Size Category	Percentage of Farms	Percentage of Milk Production
Over 2,500 cows	3%	46%
Fewer than 500 cows	86%	22%

A Legacy Under Threat: The Enduring Role of Milk Cooperatives in U.S. Dairy

Established in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, milk cooperatives have been pivotal in the growth of the American dairy sector. These cooperatives were designed to let individual dairy producers combine resources and sell milk together, guaranteeing fair pricing and consistent profits. They offset the difficulties of changing milk pricing and the monopolistic policies of big distributors and producers, leaving a significant mark on the industry’s history.

Milk cooperatives have always been about empowering farmers through unity. By banding together, cooperatives could negotiate better rates, access processing facilities and transportation, and fund marketing and quality control projects—resources that were often beyond the reach of individual farmers. Over time, their responsibilities expanded to include legislative lobbying, bulk buying, and technical support.

Milk cooperatives support smaller dairy farms by providing market access, allowing fair pricing and financial sustainability. Sharing information encourages better agricultural methods and management, strengthening community and mutual support among small dairy farmers. Despite the challenges, this resiliency has been a beacon of hope for the American dairy sector, ensuring its stability and promising a bright future.

Milk cooperatives guaranteed smaller farms could enter a concentrated market even as the dairy industry developed. Small farmers attained economies of scale and streamlined supply chains by group organizing and leveling the playing field against more large-scale commercial dairy enterprises. The historical contributions made by milk cooperatives are enormous; they provide small dairy farms throughout the country with assistance and infrastructure.

Assessing Today’s Dairy Landscape: The Accelerating Trend Toward Consolidation

Year	Number of Dairy Farms	Average Herd Size
2000	105,250	85
2005	81,740	110
2010	59,130	144
2015	43,520	198
2020	31,657	252
2023	20,000	300

Examining the present state of dairy output in the United States shows that the consolidation trend is fast developing. According to Rabobank, the largest 3% of dairy operations—those having more than 2,500 cows—account for an astonishing 46% of the country’s milk supply. This is much different from smaller dairies, which account for 86% of all farms yet generate just 22% of the milk.

Year	Number of Large Dairy Farms (2,500+ cows)	Percentage of Total Milk Production
2015	567	38%
2018	630	42%
2021	700	44%
2023	725	46%

Historically home to many small, family-owned farms, the Midwest and Eastern U.S. show especially this change. Based on projections, just over 20,000 dairy farms—mostly smaller businesses—should still be active in 2023. Most closures in this regard come from This trend, which draws essential issues about the viability of smaller farms among market pressures and changing industry dynamics as it emphasizes the growing dominance of larger dairy operations.

Consolidation Pressures: Economic Challenges Crushing Small Dairy Farms

Small dairy farms face many different and frequently overwhelming financial constraints, which causes a notable drop in their population. Rising operating costs, including feed, gasoline, labor, and healthcare, mainly burden these smaller dairy farms. Compared to their bigger counterparts, small dairy businesses need economies of scale, which means they need to produce a large volume of milk to spread their costs over more units, enabling affordable bulk buying and simplified efficiency.

Variability in the market increases these difficulties. Driven by global trade dynamics, such as international trade agreements, tariffs, and local supply-demand mismatches, variations in milk prices may destroy business margins. Smaller dairies, running with smaller financial buffers, are more sensitive to these pricing changes and can need help to keep running during recessionary times.

The problem is made worse by competition from bigger farms equipped with sophisticated technology and vast infrastructure. These larger operations gain from economies of scale, improved access to finance, and more robust marketing skills, which allow them to produce milk more effectively and at a reduced cost. Their competitive edge helps them control market share, therefore isolating smaller farms.

The scene of dairy production is progressively gathering around larger-scale activities. From manufacturing to retail, survival now depends on vertically growing and integrating, which means that companies are expanding their operations upstream and downstream in the supply chain. This trend threatens small dairy farmers’ livelihoods and raises questions about the resilience and variety of the American dairy sector overall.

From Mainstay to Marginalized: The Uncertain Future of Milk Cooperatives Amid Small Dairy Decline

Historically, the fall of small dairies, the pillar of fair pricing and market stability for dairy producers, has long loomed over milk cooperatives’ future. These cooperatives’ whole basis is shifting as more large-scale companies define the U.S. dairy scene. The mainstay has been family-owned farms cooperating to negotiate the erratic dairy market.

However, falling milk prices and growing expenses have caused a decline in these small-scale dairies, pushing cooperatives to change their approaches. How can cooperatives remain strong with fewer small dairies to maintain relevance and sustainability?

Looking Ahead: The Increasing Tilt Toward Consolidation in the U.S. Dairy Industry

Looking forward, the path of the U.S. dairy sector veers primarily toward consolidation. Large dairies are taking control, drastically altering milk’s consumer access. Milk cooperatives have historically assisted smaller farmers by combining resources and obtaining better prices, yet this consolidation presents a severe risk. Larger dairies are starting to form direct partnerships with stores and avoid cooperatives.

This change has advantages and drawbacks. Big dairies might cut consumer prices, simplify processes, and minimize expenses. This reflects patterns in other agricultural fields, where fewer middlemen translate into better profitability and efficiency. Direct retail alliances could also inspire creativity in marketing plans and product offers.

However, the fall of milk cooperatives might deepen the disparity between small and big producers, hastening the departure of smaller farms. This might damage rural economies, especially in places where small farms are essential. Less unique regional items mean less consumer choice as well.

Even with these estimates, unanticipated events can veer the sector’s path. Growing consumer demand for locally grown, ecologically made milk might help niche markets and provide smaller cooperatives and dairy farms a lifeline. Policies supporting fair market practices and agricultural variety also surface, encouraging a more balanced sector. These potential policy changes offer a ray of hope for the future of the dairy sector.

The Bottom Line

The future of milk cooperatives with the emergence of large-scale dairies remains to be discovered as the U.S. dairy sector consolidates. Whereas the smaller farms, which account for 86% of all farms, only provide 22% of the milk, the largest 3% of farms now generate 46% of the milk supply for the country. These figures show a significant change in the dairy scene, with local dairies disappearing mainly in the Midwest and Eastern U.S. We have to wonder whether milk cooperatives, the cornerstone of collective bargaining and support, can endure or will disappear as market pressures drive out smaller farmers. Will Big Dairy skip cooperatives and sell milk straight to stores, altering the distribution dynamics? Our decisions today will shape our agricultural scene in the future. A future that strikes efficiency and equality using creative ideas and stakeholder cooperation depends on big and small dairy enterprises’ health. This is about the future of our farms, towns, and food systems as much as milk.

Key Takeaways:

Approximately 46% of the U.S. milk supply is produced by the largest 3% of operations, each housing more than 2,500 cows.
Dairy farms with fewer than 500 cows make up 86% of the total number of farms but only contribute 22% of the milk supply.
There are just over 20,000 dairy farms in operation as of 2023, with most closures occurring among smaller operations in the Midwest and Eastern U.S.
The consolidation trend poses significant challenges to the traditional role of milk cooperatives, potentially paving the way for large dairies to sell directly to retailers.

Summary:

Milk cooperatives have played a crucial role in the growth of the American dairy sector, enabling producers to combine resources and sell milk together, ensuring fair pricing and consistent profits. They empower farmers through unity, negotiation of better rates, access to processing facilities and transportation, and funding marketing and quality control projects. Milk cooperatives also support smaller dairy farms by providing market access, fair pricing, financial sustainability, and sharing information to encourage better agricultural methods and management. However, the consolidation trend is rapidly developing in the US, with the largest 3% of dairy operations accounting for 46% of the country’s milk supply. Smaller dairy farms face financial constraints, including rising operating costs and market variability. Larger farms with sophisticated technology and vast infrastructure further complicate these challenges, gaining economies of scale, improved access to finance, and more robust marketing skills. The future of milk cooperatives with the emergence of large-scale dairies remains to be discovered.

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Categories : Dairy Industry

Tags : 46% of milk supply, accessing processing facilities, affordable bulk buying, agricultural methods, American dairy sector, bulk buying, combine resources, competition from larger farms, consistent profits, consolidation trend, economies of scale, empowering farmers, fair pricing, financial sustainability, funding marketing, future of milk cooperatives, global trade dynamics, individual producers, international trade agreements, large-scale dairies., largest 3% of dairy operations, legislative lobbying, local supply-demand mismatches, Management, market access, milk cooperatives, negotiating better rates, quality control projects, resilience, rising operating costs, sharing information, simplified efficiency, smaller dairy farms, sophisticated technology, tariffs, technical support, transportation, unity, variability in the market, vast infrastructure

Calf Muscle Weakness in Holsteins: Insights from Chromosome 16 Haplotype Study

Wednesday, July 3rd, 2024

Discover the new mutation linked to calf muscle weakness in Holsteins. How does this affect calf mortality and what are the implications for dairy farming?

When it comes to dairy farming, calf health is key to the success and sustainability of your herd. A growing concern in Holsteins, a major dairy breed, is calf muscle weakness. This condition leads to high calf mortality, posing a serious challenge for breeders and farmers.

Researchers have identified a recessive haplotype at the end of chromosome 16 (78.7–80.7 Mbp) linked to this problem. Tracing the haplotype’s history back to 1952, with a key ancestor named Southwind born in 1984, has been crucial in understanding its spread.

This article delves into a study on a new mutation within a common haplotype causing calf muscle weakness in Holsteins. It provides important insights into genetic tracking methods and implications for the dairy industry.

Unveiling Gene Mysteries Within Holsteins: The Journey from Elevated Calf Mortality to Advanced Genetic Insights

Research has unearthed vital insights into a recessive haplotype linked to elevated calf mortality in Holsteins. This haplotype, which shows incomplete penetrance, means not all calves with the genotype display the syndrome, making detection tricky for breeders and geneticists. Tracing back to 1952, the notable ancestor Southwind (HOUSA1964484), born in 1984, was identified as crucial, being homozygous for the suspect haplotype.

Scanning sequence data from Southwind and the sire of an affected calf revealed a missense mutation at 79,613,592 bp, likely having a harmful impact. The affected calf was homozygous, while the sire and Southwind were heterozygous. This comprehensive analysis covered 5.6 million Holsteins, showing the haplotype is widespread, complicating management and eradication efforts.

Breeders face significant challenges with this haplotype’s link to higher calf mortality and incomplete penetrance, necessitating advanced tracking and management methods. Continuous advancements in genetic analysis and breeding strategies are essential to improve calf viability and overall herd health.

The Hidden Genetic Legacy in Holstein Herds: Tracing Calf Muscle Weakness to an Ancestral Haplotype

The genotype analysis of 5.6 million Holstein cattle has revealed crucial genetic insights, linking a specific haplotype to calf muscle weakness. The study focused on DNA variations on chromosome 16, identifying a recessive haplotype associated with increased calf mortality rates. Tracing lineage data back to 1952, researchers identified a bull named Southwind, born in 1984, as homozygous for this haplotype.

The prevalence of this haplotype underscored the value of genetic monitoring in detecting long-standing patterns within the bovine genome. By combining genotypic data with phenotypic records, the study established the haplotype’s link to muscle weakness, marking a key step in genomic selection strategies aimed at addressing this issue. This breakthrough emphasized the necessity of genetic vigilance to foresee and curtail harmful traits in cattle herds.

Decoding the Genetic Blueprint: Sequencing Efforts Reveal Key Mutations in Holstein Muscle Weakness

The scanning process focused on aligning sequence data from Southwind, the affected calf, and the sire. High-throughput sequencing technologies were employed to pinpoint mutations, emphasizing regions previously linked to the phenotype. The search targeted single nucleotide variants (SNVs) that could affect protein function.

This analysis revealed a crucial missense mutation at position 79,613,592 bp. This mutation modifies the resulting protein’s amino acid sequence, likely impairing its function. It was homozygous in the affected calf, indicating its probable role in muscle weakness. Conversely, Southwind and the sire were heterozygous, pointing to a recessive inheritance pattern. The concordance in these findings strengthens the link between this missense mutation and the observed calf muscle weakness, suggesting the need for further functional studies.

Harnessing Genetic Concordance: Insights from the Cooperative Dairy DNA Repository

The concordance study, leveraging the Cooperative Dairy DNA Repository, pinpointed the genetic roots of calf muscle weakness in Holsteins. The investigation revealed a 97% concordance between the sequence data and the haplotype and achieved an 89% call rate. These findings underscore the reliability of the genetic markers and highlight the potential for enhanced genetic tracking and selective breeding to combat such inherited conditions.

The Evolutionary Conservation of CACNA1S: Insights into Muscle Function and Disease Across Species

The exon amino acid sequence in the CACNA1S gene is highly conserved across species, underscoring its critical role in muscle function. This gene, coding for a voltage-dependent calcium channel, shows remarkable similarity in sequence across different species, reflecting its importance.

In humans, CACNA1S mutations lead to conditions like hypokalemic periodic paralysis and malignant hyperthermia, characterized by sudden muscle weakness or rigidity. In mice, similar mutations cause myotonia and muscle dysfunctions. These parallels illustrate the gene’s vital role in muscle excitability and its evolutionary conservation.

The conservation of CACNA1S has significant implications. It allows findings from one species to inform our understanding in others, aiding in the study of genetic diseases. In dairy science, identifying such mutations supports better breeding strategies and health management in cattle populations. Furthermore, these insights can guide the development of targeted therapies across species, benefiting both agriculture and medicine.

The Evolution of Pedigree Tracking in Dairy Cattle: Precision in Identifying Mutations Within Existing Haplotype Frameworks

The landscape of pedigree tracking in dairy cattle has advanced with modern methodologies enhancing the precision in identifying new mutations within existing haplotypes. In this study, focus was given to the muscle weakness haplotype (HMW) and Holstein cholesterol deficiency (HCD), utilizing innovative techniques to gain actionable insights.

Researchers effectively used high-resolution genetic mapping and comprehensive pedigree analyses to trace the HMW mutation. This dual approach successfully tracked the HMW haplotype through contemporary genotyping and historical records, confirming Southwind as a key ancestor. These refined methods achieved a 97% concordance rate and an 89% call rate, validating their effectiveness.

Regarding Holstein cholesterol deficiency, the integration of direct gene tests with precise pedigree tracking improved gene test accuracy. This harmonized approach significantly enhanced concordance rates, leading to more effective management strategies for breeders, and reducing HCD incidences through informed mating decisions.

Reviewing heifer livability records substantiated the findings. For HMW, 46 heifers, all homozygous and traceable to Southwind, showed a 52% mortality rate before 18 months, compared to a mere 2.4% for noncarriers. These results highlight the importance of advanced tracking techniques in breeding programs to minimize the impact of such mutations.

From identifying elevated calf mortality to pinpointing genetic causes, this journey underscores the power of modern pedigree tracking. These methodologies have not only revealed key genetic insights but also paved the way for enhanced herd management and health outcomes for Holsteins. The future of dairy cattle breeding stands to be revolutionized by these advancements, fostering a more precise and informed approach to genetic selection.

Quantifying the Genetic Toll: Heifer Livability Analysis in HMW Homozygous Calves

Analyzing heifer livability records for 558,000 calves revealed vital insights into genetic effects on viability. For the HMW haplotype, 46 homozygous heifers, all tracing back to the ancestor Southwind, were studied. A significant 52% died before 18 months, with an average age of 1.7 ± 1.6 months. In stark contrast, the mortality rate among non-carriers was just 2.4%. This death rate for homozygous heifers might be underestimated due to possible healthier calves being genotyped.

Incorporating Holstein Muscle Weakness (HMW) into Selection and Mating Strategies: Rethinking Reporting Methods and Dominance Effects

Integrating Holstein Muscle Weakness (HMW) into selection and mating strategies requires rethinking current reporting methods and considering dominance effects. The incomplete penetrance of HMW may cause traditional methodologies to miss or underestimate its prevalence and impact. More accurate reporting is essential to reflect the genetic status concerning HMW.

Dominance effects further complicate HMW inheritance. Unlike simple recessive traits, HMW’s variable penetrance creates a range of phenotypic expressions that must be considered in breeding decisions. Comprehensive genetic testing, including both genotypic and phenotypic data, will enable informed decisions and help manage partial lethality traits within the herd.

Direct genetic tests for HMW mutations should be standard in selection protocols, especially for lines tracing back to carriers like Southwind. This approach helps maintain the herd’s genetic fitness without inadvertently continuing the risk of HMW-related calf mortality. By refining these methods, the dairy industry can better balance productivity with animal welfare, fostering a healthier Holstein population.

The Bottom Line

The discovery of a common haplotype linked to calf muscle weakness in Holsteins highlights the importance of genetic research in animal husbandry. Identifying a missense mutation at 79,613,592 bp in the CACNA1S gene, researchers have deepened our understanding of this condition. The analysis, showing a 97% concordance rate, underscores the mutation’s significance. Improved pedigree tracking methods have clarified the relationship between haplotypes and calf mortality, revealing a significant survival rate difference between homozygous calves with the mutation and noncarriers. Direct tests for new mutations within common haplotypes are crucial. These tests provide a precise framework for managing genetic defects, facilitating informed selection and mating strategies, and strengthening Holstein genetic resilience.

Key Takeaways:

A novel missense mutation at 79,613,592 bp within a common haplotype on chromosome 16 is associated with calf muscle weakness in Holsteins.
The identified haplotype is linked to elevated calf mortality and traces back to an ancestor born in 1984, indicating a long-standing genetic issue within the breed.
The mutation was found to be homozygous in affected calves, while the sires and the key ancestor Southwind were heterozygous carriers.
Genetic data from the Cooperative Dairy DNA Repository demonstrated a 97% concordance with the identified haplotype, reinforcing the reliability of genetic markers.
The CACNA1S gene, associated with muscle function, is highly conserved across species, hinting at parallel phenotypes in humans and mice.
Advanced genetic tracking and pedigree analysis methods are crucial for identifying new mutations within existing haplotypes, especially in high-frequency cases.
Heifer livability records showed a significant mortality rate among homozygous calves, underlining the condition’s impact on herd productivity and management.
Revised selection and mating strategies are necessary to address HMW, including potential direct testing and consideration of partially lethal genetic effects.

Summary:

Calf muscle weakness, a growing concern in Holsteins, is a significant issue in dairy farming. A recessive haplotype at the end of chromosome 16, traced back to 1952, has been identified in 5.6 million Holsteins, complicating management and eradication efforts. This haplotype’s link to higher calf mortality and incomplete penetrance necessitates advanced tracking and management methods. The genotype analysis of 5.6 million Holstein cattle revealed crucial genetic insights, linking a specific haplotype to calf muscle weakness. The concordance study, leveraging the Cooperative Dairy DNA Repository, found a 97% concordance between sequence data and the haplotype and an 89% call rate, highlighting the reliability of genetic markers and the potential for enhanced genetic tracking and selective breeding to combat inherited conditions. The CACNA1S gene, a key component in muscle function, is highly conserved across different species and is important in various diseases. Modern methodologies have enhanced the precision in identifying new mutations within existing haplotype frameworks.

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Categories : Genetics

Transforming Young Heifers to Mature Cows: Boosting Dairy Herd Longevity

Friday, June 7th, 2024

Boost dairy herd longevity for sustainable, profitable farming. Learn how to convert heifers into productive cows, meet consumer demands, and reduce environmental impact.

In the pursuit of a more economical and sustainable dairy industry, the strategy of extending the productive life of dairy cows is not just crucial, but also inspiring. This approach not only boosts milk production and reduces the need for frequent replacements, leading to cost savings and improved farm efficiency, but also meets consumer demands for transparency and animal care, instilling a sense of pride in our work.

Despite challenges like high replacement costs and disease outbreaks, significant opportunities exist to enhance herd longevity and productivity. The key to modern dairy farming is converting young heifers into mature, productive cows, essential for a sustainable and profitable future.

This article outlines steps that you, as dairy farmers and agricultural professionals, can take to ensure young heifers mature into productive cows. By implementing these strategies, you are not only improving your dairy operations’ economic health and environmental impact, but also playing a vital role in the future of sustainable dairy farming.

Early Life Management: The Keystone of Dairy Herd Productivity

From birth, a calf’s future productivity takes shape. This early period is crucial for developing “platinum heifers,” which can grow into high-yielding “golden girls,” essential for a sustainable dairy operation.

Colostrum management is vital in the first hours of life. High-quality colostrum provides essential antibodies and nutrients, boosting the calf’s immune system. It must be administered promptly and in adequate amounts to be effective.

Early-life disease mitigation is also critical. Respiratory and digestive issues can hinder growth and future productivity. Vaccination programs, vigilant monitoring, and rapid interventions are crucial.

Starter dry matter intake is equally important. Early nutritional support aids in both frame and weight gain, influencing the heifer’s future size and milk production.

Meticulous growth tracking is necessary. Using weight tapes and digital scales ensures heifers reach 55-58% of mature body weight at breeding age. This allows timely adjustments to feed and management practices, supporting optimal outcomes.

This blend of colostrum management, disease mitigation, nutrition, and growth tracking forms a solid foundation for a productive dairy herd. By following these steps, you can be confident that you are enabling heifers to become long-living, high-yielding members, ensuring the sustainability and profitability of your dairy operation.

Nutrition, Genetics, and Management: Pillars of Heifer Development

While genetics set the foundation for a heifer’s potential, daily management and nutrition shape her future productivity. Nutritional management is crucial for herd productivity. Heifers need a balanced diet rich in essential nutrients from birth to maturity to ensure optimum growth and future milk production.

Proper nutrition begins with effective colostrum management, providing calves with antibodies for solid immunity. Following this, milk replacers and calf starters with high-quality proteins support early growth. Consistent access to forage and high-quality concentrates ensures steady development as heifers transition to weaning.

Monitoring heifer growth meticulously avoids underfeeding or overconditioning, which can harm long-term productivity. Achieving the ideal weight and frame size at breeding age is crucial. Lighter heifers may have lower conception rates, while over-conditioned ones could face calving difficulties and fertility issues.

Genetic selection is vital for developing long-living heifers. Advances in genetic evaluation help identify longevity traits like udder health and fertility. Using sexed semen further improves genetic potential and traits like health and production efficiency.

Prioritizing animal welfare—such as comfortable housing, adequate space, and proper ventilation—impacts the lifespan and productivity of dairy cows. Regular health monitoring and preventive care, including vaccinations and parasite control, maintain herd health and reduce early culling.

Combining these pillars—nutrition, genetics, and management—supports the conversion of platinum heifers into golden girls. By focusing on these aspects, dairy farmers can enhance their herds’ productive lives and meet economic and sustainability goals.

Transitioning Heifers: Paving the Way for Productive Lactation

Smooth transitioning heifers from the growth phase to the lactating herd is critical for a productive and sustainable dairy operation. The key to success lies in meticulous management that ensures heifers are in optimal condition and healthy at calving.

The transition period, encompassing the weeks before and after calving, demands close monitoring and dietary adjustments. A well-balanced transition diet is essential for helping the rumen adapt to nutrient-dense lactation feed while preventing digestive disorders. Proper feed intake during this period is crucial; any reduction can lead to weight loss, decreased milk production, and a higher risk of postpartum diseases like ketosis.

Environmental and physiological stressors must also be managed. Implementing heat abatement measures, especially in warmer climates or seasons, can alleviate heat stress and thus support better feed intake and milk yield. Ensuring ample access to clean water, providing shade, and installing cooling systems help maintain optimal body temperature and performance during this critical phase.

Reproductive management is equally important. Advances in reproductive technologies have made it more reliable for heifers to calve at the ideal age and body condition. However, over-reliance on these technologies can lead to an abundance of heifers, which pressures culling rates and shortens the productive life of older cows.

Effective management during the transition phase reduces morbidity and mortality rates, setting the stage for heifers to mature into high-producing, long-living cows. By investing in meticulous transition management, dairies can enhance both economic and environmental sustainability, aligning with the goals of increased productivity and meeting consumer expectations for animal welfare.

Optimizing Nutrition and Health for Lactating Cows: A Comprehensive Approach to Sustained Productivity

Nutritional management is crucial for sustaining the productivity of lactating cows. Effective feeding systems must deliver essential nutrients tailored to each cow’s growth and lactation stage. High-yielding cows need rations that balance energy and protein levels while ensuring rumen health. Component feeding, which meets individual cows’ production and metabolic needs, is essential.

Quality of feed matters as much as quantity. Nutrient-dense forages, high-quality concentrates, and appropriate supplements support lactation, reproduction, and body condition, preventing metabolic diseases and boosting productivity and fertility.

Managing dietary needs during the transition period—weeks before and after calving—is critical. Transition diets should enhance dry matter intake pre-calving and provide high-energy diets post-calving, avoiding metabolic disorders like ketosis or milk fever.

Maximizing economic efficiency involves keeping healthy, productive cows through at least their third lactation to increase profitability and reduce replacement costs. Nutritional strategies should aim to extend cows’ productive lives, ensuring better milk yields and a sustainable dairy operation.

In conclusion, optimizing nutrition for lactating cows requires a holistic approach. This means [specific aspects or components of the holistic approach, such as monitoring and adjusting diets, ensuring high-quality feed, and focusing on transition management], which safeguard productivity and longevity in dairy herds. Such practices enhance farm viability and align with sustainability and ethical objectives valued by consumers.

Extending Dairy Cow Longevity: A Synergy of Economic Gains and Environmental Stewardship

Metric	Young Herds	Mature Herds
Culling Rate (%)	45	25
Milk Yield per Cow (liters/year)	7,000	9,500
Methane Emission per Cow (kg/year)	120	100
Phosphorus Excretion per Cow (kg/year)	60	45
Replacement Heifer Requirement (%)	35	20
Average Age of Herd (years)	3	5

Strategic management practices can simultaneously achieve economic benefits and environmental responsibility. When dairy producers focus on extending the productive life of their cows, they enhance profitability and contribute to environmental sustainability. This is done by reducing the frequency of replacement heifers, thereby lowering the resources needed for raising young stock.

Incorporating longevity into breeding goals is critical. Milk production is crucial, but traits like udder health, reproduction, and overall robustness are equally important. Genetic selection favoring these attributes leads to a resilient herd with longer productive lives, reducing health or reproductive issues that lead to culling.

Extending the productive lifespan also aligns with consumer expectations for ethical animal treatment. Producers commit to animal welfare by reducing frequent culling, enhancing public perception, and building consumer trust. Cows that stay in the herd longer have fewer health issues and benefit from established immunity and stable social dynamics.

Environmental impacts are reduced when fewer replacement heifers are needed. Raising heifers significantly contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and resource use. Producers can decrease replacement animals by optimizing the herd’s productive life, leading to fewer methane emissions and lower land and water use.

Achieving longer productive lifespans involves more than genetics and breeding. Management practices, including nutrition, housing, and health monitoring, are crucial. Balanced diets, adequate space, and prompt medical attention maintain cow health and productivity. Advanced monitoring technologies help in early issue detection, allowing for timely interventions.

Integrating genetic selection, superior management practices, and a commitment to animal welfare enables dairy producers to achieve a productive and sustainable model. This holistic approach benefits farmers, consumers, and the planet, ensuring the long-term viability of dairy operations in an ever-evolving agricultural landscape.

The Bottom Line

Extending the productive life of dairy cows is vital for boosting milk production, cutting costs, and improving farm sustainability. Dairy farmers should adopt strategies to enhance cow longevity, such as proper nutrition, health management, and genetic selection. By prioritizing herd longevity and strengthening the dairy industry’s resilience, farmers can achieve better sustainability and profitability.

Key Takeaways:

Productive life is crucial: Improving the productive lifespan of cows leads to higher milk production, better feed efficiency, and greater profitability.
Public perception: High culling rates in young herds can be difficult to justify to consumers concerned with animal welfare.
Healthy mature cows: Retaining older, healthy cows (the “golden girls”) is essential for reducing cull rates and improving longevity.
Environmental benefits: Older cows emit less methane and excrete less phosphorus, contributing to a more sustainable dairy operation.
Early life management: Effective colostrum management, disease mitigation, and growth monitoring from birth are critical to developing high-yielding, long-living cows (the “platinum heifers”).
Importance of monitoring: Weighing and tracking heifers ensure that they reach the desired body weight for breeding, setting them up for long-term productivity.
Sustained productivity: A comprehensive approach involving nutrition, genetics, and management is key to maintaining the health and productivity of both heifers and lactating cows.

Summary: The dairy industry is working to extend the productive life of its cows for a sustainable and profitable future. This involves early life management, disease mitigation, and early dry matter intake to develop high-yielding “golden girls.” Meticulous growth tracking is necessary to ensure heifers reach 55-58% of mature body weight at breeding age. Nutrition, genetics, and management are the pillars of heifer development, with a balanced diet from birth to maturity. Consistent access to forage and high-quality concentrates ensures steady development as heifers transition to weaning. Genetic selection is vital for developing long-living heifers, and prioritizing animal welfare, such as comfortable housing and proper ventilation, impacts the lifespan and productivity of dairy cows. Transitioning heifers from growth to lactation is critical for a productive and sustainable dairy operation.

Categories : Management

Ringworm: Don’t Let it Ruin Your Show Season

Monday, May 27th, 2024

Unlock powerful treatments for dairy cattle ringworms and master strategies to save your show season. Ready to eliminate ringworm and enhance your chances of winning the ribbon?

Imagine this: months of meticulous preparation for the show season, with early mornings, late nights, and countless hours grooming your prized cattle. Just as the season starts, you notice dreadful hairless, scaly skin patches. It’s ringworm, a fungal infection that can spread like wildfire through your herd and wreak havoc on your plans.

Ringworm is no minor inconvenience; it’s a show season saboteur. One infected cow can quickly lead to widespread issues. Not only does it mark your cattle’s appearance, but it poses significant health risks and can lead to competition disqualification. The stress of combating this fungus can overshadow even the best-planned show season, turning potential triumph into tragedy.

Recognizing the Symptoms Early On

Stage	Duration	Description
Incubation Period	1 Week	Initial phase post-infection where ringworm spores begin to grow and infection develops before symptoms manifest.
Early Symptoms	1-2 Weeks	Appearance of initial lesions, characterized by hair loss in circular patterns and small raised areas.
Advanced Symptoms	2-4 Weeks	Formation of gray-white crusts, pronounced redness, and circular lesions growing up to ten centimeters in diameter.

Early detection is crucial in managing dairy cattle ringworm. At first, symptoms might seem like minor skin issues. Still, observant caretakers will notice classic signs: hair loss in circular patterns, gray-white crusts, and raised red lesions. Typically, these measure between one to ten centimeters in diameter, signaling a fungal infection.

With an incubation period of around a week, recognizing these signs promptly enables timely intervention. Younger animals, especially calves, are more vulnerable due to their developing immune systems. Environmental factors, such as damp and unsanitary conditions, exacerbate the spread, while poor nutrition and concurrent diseases increase susceptibility.

Effective identification involves noting these symptoms and assessing the animal’s health and living conditions. Regular screenings and handling animals with gloves can prevent zoonotic transmission. Improving environmental and dietary conditions can bolster the herd’s resilience against dermatophytosis.

Early recognition of ringworm requires keen observation, knowledge of lesions, and awareness of vulnerability factors. Proactive measures enhance animal welfare and reduce economic losses from widespread infections.

Shielding Show Cattle from Ringworm

Preventing ringworm in show cattle hinges on rigorous biosecurity measures, strict hygiene, and maintaining clean, dry facilities. These strategies can dramatically reduce the risk of this skin ailment.

Biosecurity measures are essential. Isolate new or returning cattle to monitor for symptoms before mixing them with the show herd. Regularly disinfect equipment, fences, gates, and vehicles to prevent fungal spread.

Proper hygiene practices are crucial. Regular grooming and inspection help identify early signs of ringworm. Brush and scrape away crusts from lesions to promote healing and minimize spore shedding. Use Enilconazole or other topical medications consistently for effective treatment.

Clean and dry facilities are vital. To deter fungal growth, ensure housing is well-ventilated and sunlit. Reduce animal density and provide dry bedding materials. Regular cleaning and disinfection prevent fungal establishment.

By embracing these measures, show cattle can remain healthy and ready for the competitive arena, avoiding the pitfalls of ringworm.

Conventional Treatments: When and How to Use Them

Ringworm in dairy cattle is more than a cosmetic nuisance—it’s a persistent problem that can impact animal health and farm productivity. Knowing the array of potential treatments and understanding their effectiveness can be crucial in maintaining a healthy herd. Here’s a breakdown of some commonly used treatments and their efficacy:

Treatment	Effectiveness
Topical Antifungals (e.g., Miconazole)	Highly effective when applied consistently over several weeks. Results can often be seen within a few days but require continued application to fully resolve the infection.
Oral Antifungal Medications	Effective for severe or widespread infections. Typically prescribed by a veterinarian and used for two to four weeks, with results varying based on the specific antifungal used and the extent of the infection.
Lime Sulfur Dips	Moderately effective, often used in conjunction with other treatments. Provides a fungicidal effect but can be harsh on the skin and requires multiple applications.
Tea Tree Oil	Natural remedy with antifungal properties. Effectiveness is variable and often best used as a complementary treatment rather than a primary one.
Improved Nutrition and Supplements	Indirectly effective by boosting the animal’s immune system. Not a direct cure but can help in quicker recovery and prevention of future outbreaks.

Effective treatment of ringworm in dairy cattle requires a multifaceted approach, combining topical treatments with environmental management. One widely recognized treatment involves applying topical medications like Enilconazole directly to the lesions caused by Trichophyton verrucosum. Removing crusts by scraping or brushing can enhance these treatments, aiding medication penetration and speeding up recovery.

For show cattle, the stakes are higher—unsightly lesions can impact their health and performance. Regular application of fungicidal sprays or ointments, ideally twice a week, is crucial. Beyond medication, maintaining high hygiene standards is essential. Stalls, grooming tools, and equipment should be regularly cleaned and disinfected to prevent the recurrence and spread of ringworm. Show cattle should be kept in well-ventilated areas with ample sunlight, as UV light has natural fungicidal properties.

Caring for cattle during show season involves meticulous management. Avoid overcrowding; provide spacious, clean, and dry living conditions. Always treat infected animals last, changing gloves and clothing to minimize cross-contamination. Promoting overall health through balanced nutrition and reducing stress strengthens the immune system, lowering susceptibility to fungal infections.

Preventing the spread of ringworm within a herd requires a proactive strategy. Isolate infected individuals promptly to limit direct contact with healthy animals. Thoroughly disinfect the environment, including equipment and housing facilities, to eliminate fungal spores. Consider vaccination where applicable, and consistently monitor the herd for early signs of infection. Educating farm personnel about hygiene and specific protocols for handling ringworm can further safeguard the herd’s health.

Exploring Natural Remedies for Ringworm

Natural remedies for ringworm are gaining popularity due to their minimal side effects and the increasing resistance to conventional treatments. One effective remedy is sunlight. Ringworm-causing fungi thrive in moist, shaded environments, so exposing cattle to direct sunlight can significantly speed up healing. UV rays from the sun harm these fungi, thereby aiding recovery.

Another powerful natural treatment is garlic. Garlic contains allicin, a compound with potent antifungal properties. Farmers can make a paste by crushing garlic cloves and mixing them with a carrier oil, then applying this paste to the lesions several times a day. This method provides a cost-effective, natural alternative to synthetic treatments.

Apple Cider Vinegar (ACV) is also highly effective due to its antifungal and antimicrobial properties. Dilute ACV with an equal part of water and apply it to the infected areas twice daily using a clean cloth or sponge until the infection clears.

Essential oils like tea tree oil and coconut oil are also promising. Tea tree oil is known for its strong antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties. Diluting a few drops in carrier oil and applying them to the lesions can relieve and expedite healing. Similarly, coconut oil contains lauric acid, which has antifungal effects and can be massaged onto the affected areas.

While natural remedies show potential, it’s essential to use them knowledgeably. Consulting with a veterinarian before starting these treatments ensures the safety of the cattle. It allows for a holistic approach combining natural and conventional methods for optimal recovery.

Diet and Nutrition: Boosting Immunity from Within

Addressing ringworm in dairy cattle starts with enhancing immunity through diet and nutrition. Proper feeding isn’t just about quantity; it’s about the right mix of essential nutrients—vitamins, minerals, and proteins—that bolster health and disease resistance.

Trace minerals like zinc, copper, and selenium are crucial. Zinc maintains skin integrity, copper supports white blood cell production, and selenium and vitamin E protect cell membranes from damage, all vital for immunity.

Age, nutrition, and concurrent diseases also affect susceptibility to ringworm. Young animals with developing immune systems and older cattle with nutritional deficiencies need targeted dietary support. Providing high-quality feed and clean water, with regular health and nutritional assessments, is essential.

Reducing environmental stressors like poor hygiene, overcrowding, and inadequate ventilation complements dietary efforts, minimizing infection risks.

By bolstering immunity from within, dairy farmers can decrease reliance on external treatments, promoting a healthier, more resilient herd. This holistic approach emphasizes nutrition as a critical factor in disease prevention.

Creating a Ringworm-Free Environment

Creating a meticulously clean environment is crucial in preventing the spread of ringworm. Thorough and regular cleaning of barns, stalls, and equipment is essential. Use disinfectants that target fungal spores, such as those containing chlorine or hydrogen peroxide. Please pay special attention to grooming tools, bedding, and feeding troughs, ensuring they are disinfected frequently.

Reducing animal density also plays a significant role in prevention. Overcrowded conditions facilitate fungal disease spread. Ensure well-ventilated and sunlight-exposed areas, as ultraviolet rays deter fungal spores. Eliminating standing water is another crucial aspect of maintaining dry lots.

Biosecurity measures are equally important. Quarantine new cattle to monitor for infection before integration. Vigilance combined with a clean, well-managed environment underpins a successful ringworm prevention strategy.

Grooming Tips to Prevent Ringworm

Grooming isn’t just a cosmetic task; it’s crucial for preventing ringworm in dairy cattle. Regular grooming helps detect skin issues early, allowing quick intervention. A daily routine removes dirt, debris, and fungal spores from the coat. Soft-bristled brushes are ideal for avoiding irritating skin, mainly if minor abrasions exist.

It’s vital to sterilize grooming tools after each use. Ringworm spores cling to brushes and combs, spreading the infection. Use diluted bleach or commercial disinfectants, ensuring tools are dry before reuse. This simple step can significantly reduce contagion.

Incorporate antifungal shampoos like Terminator periodically for both prevention and treatment. Routine washing shouldn’t be too frequent to avoid skin dryness. Still, periodic antifungal baths are effective, particularly after ringworm incidents or during high-risk times.

Ensure cattle have adequate sunlight and ventilation. Ringworm thrives in damp, dark conditions, so keeping living areas dry and well-ventilated is crucial. A clean environment combined with diligent grooming forms a strong defense against ringworm.

When to Call the Vet: Professional Help for Stubborn Cases

Although diligent care and topical treatments can manage many ringworm cases, there are times when professional help is essential. Persistent, widespread, or severe infections that resist over-the-counter treatments require a vet’s attention. Signs like increased swelling, discharge, or unusual hair loss extending beyond typical ringworm lesions shouldn’t be ignored.

Veterinarians can offer precise diagnoses using fungal cultures or microscopic exams. They can prescribe stronger systemic antifungal medications tailored to your cattle’s needs. These treatments, crucial for deep infections, must be administered by a vet due to their potency.

Moreover, vets provide holistic herd management advice, including nutrition and environmental adjustments to boost immunity. This preventive approach is vital, particularly in winter when crowded conditions make infections more likely.

Young animals are especially vulnerable to dermatophytosis. Timely veterinary intervention prevents complicated health issues and ensures ringworm doesn’t hinder their growth and health.

While home treatments are crucial, knowing when to seek veterinary help can save time, reduce suffering, and protect your show prospects’ season on the tanbark trail.

Myth-Busting: Common Misconceptions About Ringworm

Many myths and misconceptions surround ringworms, leading to unnecessary panic or ineffective treatments. One prevalent myth is that an actual worm causes ringworm. Contrary to this, it’s a fungal infection caused by Trichophyton verrucosum. It thrives in moist, warm environments and spreads through contact with infected animals or surfaces.

Another misconception is that ringworms only affect calves and young cattle. While more common in these groups due to their developing immune systems, adult cattle are not immune. Stress, poor nutrition, or a compromised immune system can make them susceptible, underscoring the importance of overall herd health.

Aside from waiting for the infection to resolve itself, there’s also a belief that little can be done once an animal is infected. While self-limiting and typically lasting from one to four months, prompt treatment can alleviate discomfort and reduce spread. Conventional antifungal treatments or natural remedies can shorten the duration of infection and prevent outbreaks.

The zoonotic nature of ringworms is another misunderstood point. Handlers might underestimate the risk of cross-species transmission, not realizing humans can contract ringworm from cattle. Proper hygiene and personal protective equipment are essential to prevent this. Regular cleaning and disinfecting of barns, grooming tools, and equipment is crucial.

Finally, the importance of environmental control is often underestimated. Poor ventilation, damp conditions, and overcrowded conditions breed fungus. Effective management practices, including proper ventilation, regular cleaning, and ensuring dryness, play a substantial role in controlling and preventing ringworm. Addressing these factors is as critical as treating the infected animal.

The Bottom Line

Addressing ringworm in show cattle is critical for maintaining herd health and performance. Unchecked, this fungal infection spreads quickly, diminishing its show appeal and potentially causing severe skin issues. Visible lesions can negatively affect a dairy farmer’s reputation and the perception of their meticulously groomed animals.

Proactive management is critical. Regularly monitor for early infection signs, adhere to strict grooming, and keep living areas spotless. Combining conventional treatments with natural remedies and a nutrient-rich diet enhances immunity, building a robust defense against this stubborn fungus.

Combining conventional and natural treatments, better nutrition, and strict environmental management builds a strong defense against ringworm. Vigilant monitoring, prompt treatment, and an immunity-boosting diet ensure a resilient herd, safeguarding animal health and farm productivity. Follow these expert recommendations to turn a potential ringworm outbreak into a victory for proactive animal care and show season success.

Key Takeaways:

Early detection of ringworm symptoms is essential for timely treatment and prevention of widespread infections.
Young animals are particularly susceptible due to their underdeveloped immune systems.
Environmental factors like damp conditions and poor nutrition can increase the risk of ringworm.
Effective identification involves careful monitoring of symptoms and the animal’s living conditions.
Regular screenings and the use of gloves during handling can prevent zoonotic transmission.
Improving the environmental and dietary conditions can bolster the herd’s resistance against infections.
Strict biosecurity measures and hygiene practices are crucial for protecting show cattle.
Professional veterinary help should be sought for stubborn cases of ringworm.

Summary: Ringworm is a common fungal infection that can cause widespread issues in dairy cattle during the show season. Early detection of ringworm symptoms is crucial, as they may seem like minor skin issues. Younger animals, especially calves, are more vulnerable due to their developing immune systems. Environmental factors, such as damp conditions, poor nutrition, and concurrent diseases, increase susceptibility. Effective identification involves noting symptoms and assessing the animal’s health and living conditions. Regular screenings and handling with gloves can prevent zoonotic transmission, while improving environmental and dietary conditions can strengthen the herd’s resilience against dermatophytosis. Proactive measures enhance animal welfare and reduce economic losses from widespread infections. Shielding show cattle from ringworm requires rigorous biosecurity measures, strict hygiene, and maintaining clean, dry facilities. Careful management during show season involves avoiding overcrowding, providing spacious, clean, and dry living conditions, and treating infected animals last.

Categories : Management

How Age at Puberty Predicts Longevity and Productivity: Unlocking Dairy Cow Fertility

Friday, May 24th, 2024

Unlock the secrets to dairy cow fertility: How does the age at puberty predict longevity and productivity? Discover the genetic connections and elevate your herd’s performance.

Have you ever considered how a dairy cow’s age at puberty impacts its entire productive life? Surprisingly, it’s a critical factor influencing fertility, longevity, and productivity. Research shows that cows reaching puberty earlier tend to have better reproductive performance, resulting in consistent milk cycles and longer lifespans.

This relationship isn’t just theoretical; it’s crucial for dairy farmers. Predicting and optimizing reproductive performance can mean thriving or struggling in pasture-based, seasonal systems. Farmers breeding cows for early puberty traits see improvements in calving rates, milk yields, and overall herd health.

Age at puberty is a critical trait that dairy farmers must prioritize. Its profound influence on fertility and productivity makes it essential for maximizing dairy operations. Understanding the genetics behind this trait can enhance herd efficiency and sustainability.

This article delves into the genetic underpinnings of age at puberty in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle and its correlations with fertility and body size traits. It offers insights for improved dairy herd management.

Introduction: The Link Between Puberty and Productivity

The drive to boost productivity and longevity in dairy cattle compels researchers to investigate the genetic foundations of critical traits like reproductive performance and body growth. Among these, age at puberty (AGEP), mainly through blood plasma progesterone levels (AGEP4), stands out for its moderate heritability and early occurrence.

Recognizing that early-life traits can predict future performance, this study examines AGEP4’s genetic roots and its link to fertility and physical growth in Holstein-Friesian cattle. Despite fertility traits like calving rate and pregnancy rate having low heritability, they are crucial for a cow’s productive life. The research aims to enhance breeding programs focused on fertility and productivity by pinpointing genetic markers and correlations.

Studies, such as those by Nilforooshan and Edriss (2004), highlight reproductive timing’s impact on dairy traits. For instance, reducing age at first calving may slightly decrease productive life but positively affects lifetime profit. Conversely, increasing it can improve productive life and milk income, showing a balance that breeders must manage.

In pasture-based, seasonal calving systems, predicting and enhancing reproductive traits boosts individual animal performance and aids the whole herd’s economic viability. This comprehensive approach to analyzing genetic and phenotypic variances and genomic associations seeks to link early-life indicators with long-term productivity.

The Science Behind Age at Puberty: Understanding AGEP4

AGEP4, or the age at first measurable elevation in blood plasma progesterone, is crucial for understanding reproductive efficiency in dairy cattle. This early-life trait is more heritable and predictable than traditional fertility metrics like pregnancy rate or inter calving interval, which are less heritable and occur later in life. AGEP4 provides an early indicator, helping farmers make informed decisions long before the first calving event.

Our study explored the genetic and phenotypic relationships between AGEP4, fertility traits, and body size indicators such as height, length, and body weight (BW). We measured these traits in approximately 5,000 Holstein-Friesian or Holstein-Friesian × Jersey crossbred yearling heifers across 54 seasonal calving herds to reveal insightful patterns and correlations.

We found that AGEP4 has a moderate heritability of 0.34. In contrast, traditional fertility traits like calving rate (CR42), breeding rate (PB21), and pregnancy rate (PR42) have low heritabilities, often under 0.05. This contrast highlights AGEP4’s potential as a predictor of reproductive success. Genetic correlations between AGEP4 and fertility traits ranged from 0.11 to 0.60, indicating significant genetic linkage.

Moreover, our Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) identified a strong association between AGEP4 and a genomic window on chromosome 5. We also found suggestive associations on chromosomes 14, 6, 1, and 11, suggesting a complex genetic architecture. These discoveries pave the way for refining genomic predictions of fertility using AGEP4 and other early traits.

Understanding AGEP4 enhances our grasp of reproductive genetics and provides a strategic tool for improving fertility and longevity in dairy cattle. This knowledge underscores the transformative power of genetic research in achieving efficient and sustainable dairy farming.

Age at Puberty and Longevity

Age at puberty, marking dairy cow reproductive maturity, significantly influences their lifespan. The age at first calving is tied to puberty onset, and reproductive performance is crucial for cow longevity in dairy systems. Optimal age at puberty enhances reproductive performance, boosting longevity and productivity.

Early puberty correlates with a shorter lifespan. Nilforooshan and Edriss (2004) noted that early or late first calving impacts milk yield, fat percentage, and overall productive life. Cows calving before 700 days see more lifespan variability, underscoring the need for balanced reproductive timing for sustained productivity.

Proper nutrition and management are crucial to achieving optimal puberty age. Balanced diets and effective health management ensure timely puberty, improving fertility, lifespans, and overall productivity. Strategic feeding, regular health check-ups, and tailored breeding programs are essential for dairy cows to develop appropriately and achieve beneficial reproductive maturity.

Age at Puberty and Productivity

The age at which dairy cows reach puberty, known as age at puberty (AGEP), is pivotal for their productivity and reproductive performance. Understanding the genetic factors behind AGEP helps us predict and enhance fertility, improving milk production in dairy systems.

Studies consistently show that AGEP significantly affects reproductive performance, impacting traits like inter calving interval and pregnancy rates. Earlier puberty leads to better reproductive outcomes, allowing timely breeding and reducing intervals between lactations. Strategically managing AGEP enhances reproductive efficiency and extends productive life spans for dairy cows.

Research highlights the link between early puberty and increased milk yield. Nilforooshan and Edriss (2004) found that age at first calving affects milk yield, fat percentage, and overall productive life. Cows reaching puberty early can be bred optimally, resulting in earlier milk production and higher lifetime yields, vital for dairy farm profitability. Reducing the age at first calving, tied to an earlier AGEP, can boost lifetime profit despite potentially shorter productive lives.

Optimizing AGEP requires a multi-faceted approach: genetic selection, nutritional management, and herd health strategies. Using genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we can identify genetic markers linked to AGEP. Selecting for these traits allows dairy farmers to breed more advantageous heifers. Optimal nutrition during the rearing phase supports earlier puberty without compromising health. Regular health monitoring ensures early-reproducing heifers remain productive.

In summary, focusing on AGEP optimization enhances reproductive performance and milk production. Leveraging genetic insights, improved nutrition, and robust health management practices leads to more efficient and profitable dairy operations.

Explore further insights on the impact of accelerated age at first calving and optimal timing for breeding to maximize milk production and profitability.

Unlocking Dairy Cow Fertility

Reproductive performance is crucial for a profitable dairy operation. Fertile cows mean higher milk yields, lower culling rates, and overall efficiency. When cows conceive and calve on time, milk production synchronizes, maximizing output and minimizing input costs. Effective fertility management ensures steady income and economic stability for dairy farms.

The key to optimizing fertility starts early in a cow’s life. Genetics, nutrition, and management are pivotal. Age at puberty (AGEP) is a critical marker; when cows hit puberty early, they are more likely to calve timely and have a healthy reproductive life. Factors like body condition, health, and environment also impact fertility.

Monitoring AGEP is essential to managing fertility. This involves balanced nutrition, regular health check-ups, and genetic selection. Utilizing genomic data to manage reproductive traits can enhance breeding strategies and improve fertility outcomes. Dairy farmers can boost fertility rates and long-term profitability by refining these practices.

Key Findings: The Genetic Architecture of AGEP4

One of our study’s key revelations is the robust heritability of AGEP4, quantified at 0.34. This indicates that age at puberty is significantly influenced by genetics, making it a reliable early predictor for reproductive performance in dairy cattle. Conversely, direct fertility traits like calving, breeding, and pregnancy rates had markedly lower heritabilities, all below 0.05. These findings highlight the potential of AGEP4 as an alternative selection criterion to enhance fertility through genetic means.

The genetic correlations between AGEP4 and fertility traits further underscore its utility. Our data revealed correlations ranging from 0.11 to 0.60, demonstrating a moderate to substantial genetic link between early puberty and reproductive success. This suggests that selecting for lower AGEP4 could improve fertility outcomes, promoting longer-lasting and more productive cows.

We also explored the associations between AGEP4 and key body size traits—height, length, and body weight—measured at approximately 11 months of age. Although these traits had lower heritabilities (0.21 to 0.33), their genetic correlations with AGEP4 increased to 0.28. These moderate associations indicate that body size traits might indirectly influence or be influenced by the same genomic factors affecting AGEP4.

Our genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified several genomic regions associated with AGEP4. A significant genomic window on chromosome 5 emerged as a strong candidate influencing AGEP4, with other suggestive associations found on chromosomes 14, 6, 1, and 11. These findings provide insight into the genetic architecture of AGEP4. However, further research is needed to understand the biological mechanisms and validate these associations.

The practical implications are substantial. By leveraging the genetic basis of AGEP4, dairy farmers can adopt more informed breeding strategies that prioritize early puberty as a marker for better fertility. However, further studies are essential to refine genomic predictions and fully capitalize on selecting AGEP4 to enhance overall herd fertility and productivity.

The Bottom Line

Our research underscores the crucial role of age at puberty (AGEP4) in predicting the longevity and productivity of dairy cows. With moderate heritability and solid genetic links to fertility traits, AGEP4 is an early indicator for future reproductive performance. This is especially valuable given the typically low heritability of direct fertility traits. By understanding AGEP4’s genetic architecture, dairy farmers can make decisions that enhance reproductive efficiency and herd profitability.

Attention Dairy Farmers: Incorporate AGEP4 into your herd management practices. Monitoring and selecting for AGEP4 can improve fertility rates and extend the productive lifespans of your cows, leading to higher economic returns and a more sustainable farm.

Future research should aim to deepen our understanding of AGEP4’s relationship with dairy cow health and productivity. Refining genomic predictions and exploring the genetic mechanisms influencing AGEP4 and fertility will pave the way for better breeding strategies and herd management practices, securing the dairy industry’s future.

Key Takeaways:

Early puberty as a predictor: Age at puberty, particularly measured through AGEP4, is a moderately heritable trait that can provide early predictions of a cow’s reproductive success.
Genetic correlations: The study highlights moderate genetic correlations between AGEP4 and fertility traits, underscoring the importance of genetic screening for improved reproductive performance.
Body size relationship: There’s a discernible association between AGEP4 and yearling body-conformation traits like height, length, and body weight, which also hold heritable values.
Genomic insights: Research identifies several critical genomic regions associated with variations in AGEP4, opening avenues for targeted breeding strategies.
Low heritability of direct fertility traits: Traits such as calving rate, breeding rate, and pregnancy rate exhibit low heritability, making early-life indicators like AGEP4 more valuable for genetic selection.

Summary: The age at puberty in dairy cattle significantly impacts its productive life, affecting fertility, longevity, and productivity. Early puberty results in better reproductive performance, consistent milk cycles, and longer lifespans. This relationship is crucial for dairy farmers, as breeding cows for early puberty traits improves calving rates, milk yields, and overall herd health. Understanding the genetics behind this trait can enhance herd efficiency and sustainability. Researchers are investigating the genetic foundations of critical traits like reproductive performance and body growth, particularly age at puberty (AGEP) through blood plasma progesterone levels (AGEP4). AGEP4 stands out for its moderate heritability and early occurrence, making it an important factor in predicting future performance. Reproductive timing’s impact on dairy traits is highlighted by studies by Nilforooshan and Edriss (2004), which show that reducing age at first calving may slightly decrease productive life but positively affects lifetime profit. Proper nutrition and management are crucial for achieving optimal puberty age, improving fertility, lifespans, and overall productivity.

Categories : Management

LISTEN UP and SELL MORE!!

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Tuesday, July 29th, 2014

Sounds rule the dairy day. But even those who rise when the cock crows and listen intently for pasture moos or dog alerts or the rumble of properly working farm machinery, can’t honestly say that they are masters of the finer aspects of attentive listening. Author Stephen R. Covey (7 Habits of Highly Effective People) says, most of us have had years and years of learning how to read and write, and to speak but then he asks a revealing question, “How much training have you had in listening?” Well, the answer for most of us is “None!”

Cows and Communication. You’ve Got to Market Both!

There are so many skills to learn as a dairy farmer. Even more if you intend to be profitable and sustainable in an industry that is consolidating many pieces into larger and larger dairy operations. The pieces should fit together like a puzzle. However we sometimes skip the work needed to win our customers hearts and wallets. We think we can talk our way into the marketplace but, in actual fact, we need to listen first. Consider this. If you listened to your potential customers of semen, embryos or animals better than anybody else could, how do you think it would affect your sales?

It’s fine to promote your milking stats, classification scores or showring successes but, if you aren’t listening to your marketplace, all you will probably hear is the echo of your own voice.

Every one of us in the dairy industry is a salesperson of one sort or another. Whether it’s an idea, an association, a service or a product, we all have something to sell. Quite often it’s that personal agenda that we carry around with us that prevents us from really listening. “Everybody wants show type/genomics/ ” or “Nobody wants show type/genomics” Fill in the sales feature of choice. It isn’t the feature that we need to establish first. It is listening to the customer first. Our business grows when we focus on the customer’s frame of reference ahead of our own.

Here at the Bullvine we are well aware that enthusiasm can have us pushing an agenda that is mostly ours and not necessarily that of the majority of breeders. Having said that, we have been shown over and over again that listening and asking questions goes much further than talking and telling. It is the only way to understand what is happening in the marketplace and who is asking for what. Listening doesn’t mean there is only one way. It means listening to the market you are intending to serve. It means knowing what they want more than pushing what you’ve got.

Are we Car Salesmen or Cow Salesmen?

The day of the fast talking cattle salesman with a big car and the “right” connections, no longer sells cattle. Today in the dairy industry, as in most other businesses, new tools are in our faces every day. Genomics, robotics, nutri-science and much more combine with instant worldwide communication. Today the choices for both selling and buying are multiplying exponentially.

Social media makes it easier for customers to express their needs. Imagine! They expect to be listened to. “Don’t talk me into changing my mind about the kind of cows to work with. Listen and give me what I want.”
Live cattle auctions are facing challenges from attendance to lineup to top price relevance.
Show string marketing isn’t the “sure” thing it once was.

Where are Your Customers Talking From?

There was a time when your strategy for selling would be based quite specifically on geographic location. Unless you had an “in” with specific buyers or cattle dealers, you were pretty much limited to selling what the local marketplace wanted. Today you can set your strategy based on your dairy vision and particular skill and, find a market worldwide. This means more focused targets, deeper discussions about customer wants and providing and maintaining an ongoing relationship. But first off, it means gaining expertise in the digital marketplace.

Come and Get It?

So you know what the dairy cattle buyers want. You know what you have. How do you put the two together? Whether you use social media, tag sales, auctions or simple word of mouth you have to be found. Sales don’t happen unless the market knows what you have and how to find you. More and more the marketplace is customizing the product to a specific buyer. When you can customize your product to a specific marketplace you can leave the pontificating, posturing and politics behind.

Who do YOU listen to?

When you’re talking all the time, you’re limited to what you already know. When you’re listening, there is much to learn. Having said that, if you just listen to people who reflect back who you are (and what you believe in) – then you’ll stay where you are. Anti-genomics. It’s fairly simple to pick the crowd to talk to. Pro showring. You know where to spend your time. It makes for comfort, but it doesn’t make for progress. Comfort may be your goal but if you’re feeling stalled, perhaps you need to set your GPS for a different dairy destination.

The RIGHT information at the RIGHT time from the RIGHT source.

Even the smallest dairy operation has the marketing budget to make use of listening skills. It’s not expensive to listen. It starts with knowing what your customer wants. Insights derived from that information means you can take action. So what? What does the customer want? How will my dairy operation respond? If the market wants a genomic baseline of 2400+ gTPI, why are you settling for 2000 to 2300 gTPI in your breeding decisions? When you serve the type market are you seeking the udders and legs of longevity or do you breed for the showring judge who gives the advantage to stature?

Do You Hear the Criticism?

Marketplace criticism is valuable. Especially if you listen closely and make changes. If your sales are bogged down, finding out the cause is especially necessary. What a lever to get you unstuck! Use the power of two way communication. Social media adapts the old formula: “Two ears. Two eyes. One mouse.” Listen first and then respond pro-actively. Don’t hide from criticism. Accept and respond by making adjustments. One of the telltale signs of success are those dairy/genetics operations that are building new brands and experiencing exponential growth in a fraction of the time it takes to “launch”, advertise and push your own agenda. If you’re so busy putting your own stamp on the marketplace – regardless of what they’re asking for – you are also squashing any creative new direction that could take you to the next level.

Customer first. Then what?

We can all understand and repeat the sales mantra, “The customer is always right!” That’s what the message so far has been emphasizing. It’s easy to accept that the one who listens the best will serve the customer best. But there is other listening that can lift your business higher on the ladder of success.

Listen to your Dairy Staff

Sometimes we forget that the people who work with the calves, heifers and cows every day have the clearest picture of the assets we are trying to sell in the marketplace. Here is a listening skill that is absolutely basic to dairy success that is too often overlooked. What does your staff say about working in the milking parlor with your cattle? What do they like about certain cow families? What insights do they have that can be used to attract buyers to your operation. Even more than the glossy ad or a catchy tag line is the endorsement of someone who works every day in the barn or in the show ring. Simple question. “What is she like to work with?” and then really listening to the answer. That is the easiest, fastest and most effective way to re-start, re-design and remake a dairy marketing strategy that is stagnating. Listening begins in the barn.

The Bullvine Bottom Line

Now listen up. It’s fair to say that dairy cattle marketing can be complicated. However, if you put some of these listening skills to work in your dairy marketing strategy, the next sound you will hear could be coming from your cash register. Dairy genetic businesses sell best when they listen best! Cha-Ching!

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Categories : Dairy Cattle Marketing, Management

Tags : Management, Marketing

9 Best Practices That Set The Best Dairy Operations Apart from the Rest

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Thursday, June 19th, 2014

The dairy industry is an excellent place to discover people who are exceptional at what they do. At The Bullvine, we are fortunate to meet and share with these remarkable people on a daily basis. They tell us of the efforts they have invested in every area of the dairy industry from what they feed and breed to what they value in people and animals. In short they pursue improvement and growth in all aspects of their dairy businesses. Of course, we can all benefit from emulating these role models. However, do we really know what sets them apart?

1- The Best Dairy Businesses are People Businesses First

When you’re separating out the best cow managers, you can do it quickly by finding the best people managers. Super-successful dairy farms recognize that they are primarily in the people business. From the staff who works directly with the herd to other professionals and consultants, people are fundamental. Training programs are in place to help new workers become oriented to the job. People are encouraged to help each other. Teams are encouraged, and cross training is expected. The veterinarian, nutritionist and accountant are part of the team. Workers are considered valued team members. Opportunities to improve are encouraged and supported. The best managers work to get the best out of staff. This contributes to lower turnover which is also a characteristic of top dairy farms. Managers realize that, as cow numbers grow, staff numbers grow and managers must be people managers.

2 – The Best Have Clear and Measurable Expectations

The ability to clearly articulate their vision, including short and long term goals, is a skill exceptional managers develop. Dairy staff are given clear responsibilities, they know what is expected of them and what they are trying to achieve. Regardless of herd size, every dairy owner/manager relies on other sets of hands to complete the work that is necessary to operate a dairy business. One of the most common disconnects between a manager and subordinate is a basic lack of understanding of what is expected of the job, role or task. The best operators have developed a disciplined ability in setting clear and measurable expectations not only for those people who are on their payrolls, but for their advisers as well. There are well-structured crop programs, breeding programs, feed management systems, financial plans, annual budgets and job descriptions are well-structured. There are written protocols for livestock care, treatments and emergencies. Machinery maintenance is planned and routine. Work schedules are developed, so everyone knows what is expected.

3 – The Best Focus on Production that Produces Profit

A characteristic that truly sets the best apart from the rest is focus. It is easy to become distracted by opposing opportunities or encroaching challenges. We do this quite often in the dairy industry. Breeding? I’ll use sexed semen. NO! I’ll try polled. NO! Genomics is great. My growth strategy? Definitely large AI companies only! NO! Homebred. All that flailing about creates enormous amounts of headwork and busywork, but it doesn’t guarantee success. Successful farm businesses have the ability to focus on those things that are important to productivity and profitability. They are not distracted for long by what others are doing, the newest fad, or the brightest paint.

Three main areas are particularly well managed by top managers:

Milk quality and udder health and improved SCC.
Short Calving intervals which impact milk production internal herd growth.
Time management not crisis management empowered by advance planning and optimum implementation.

4 – The Best Excel at Informed Management Decisions

This skill isn’t about how to make decisions but about how to collect data and use it as a tool. As an industry, we still do a pretty poor job of utilizing information (financial reports, production summaries, scorecards, etc.) to make informed management decisions, finding the tools, resources, and people needed for success. Great managers have strong problem solving skills. If things are not going as planned or unforeseen problems develop, they quickly identify the problems, find alternatives, select solutions and make decisions. Decisions are methodically arrived at. Once made, they are implemented. There is seldom much time wasted delaying the obvious.

5 – The Best Dairies USE Records

Dairy records, crop records and financial records are extensively used to monitor all aspects on every operation that achieves stand apart success. They see collection of data not as a burden but as an invaluable tool. Records are routinely used for specific purposes and with established benchmarks. Quality control principles are continuously developed to improve the value of the information from records. All levels, employees, managers, owners and outside consultants and farm professionals are solicited for information and insight and action planning. They build data banks and use the information in working with special teams on the farm and those they consult with. The best farms use technology. Computers and social media are used to enhance record keeping and decision making and for speed and accuracy of problem solving, promotion and sales.

6 – The Best are Always Growing – 10% per year

The target of 10% a year may seem like an arbitrary number. On any specific dairy operation, that number could be raised up or down. The point isn’t an exact number but the fact that an exact goal has been clearly set. Top managers target an overall annual growth plan as a strategic business decision. They recognize that the dairy industry has been consolidating for decades. Scale has become an increasingly significant dynamic for success. Growing size is not the sole reason, but it is one factor. Beyond the added challenges of more cows this growth means more housing, more crops, more labour, more financing. Growth is desired not for the sake of growth itself but in order to maintain in a competitive position within the industry. Thus, efficiency targets must evolve/grow too. Aggressive herd management, good reproduction performance and good health program that minimizes culling — can increase 10 % from within. An alternative is to purchase expansion cattle. Regardless of the process. It is a necessity to keep the facilities filled with producing cattle. Best managers have a minimum of underutilized barn space.

7 – The Best Have an Attitude of Excellence

Good leaders know it is important to be aware of what separates them from other contenders as they continually strive to provide the best product for the end consumers. This attitude of excellence boils down to a never-ending attitude of doing the right things and doing things right. An essential aspect of this is the recognition of the need to continuously improve results. As farms get bigger it is important for individuals and teams to develop into the new roles. This rarely happens without setbacks, pitfalls and hurdles. It takes courage to try something different. It is a risk that successful businesses must survive. Exceptional managers know that the must master the challenges that come from markets (milk, feed, land prices), production (milk, disease reproduction) and business (leverage, interest rates, liability). Continuous mastery of all the pieces … is what makes exceptional managers.

8 – The Best Leaders Value Interaction With the Dairy Community

Many people have success but haven’t built strong enough relationships with the community they have the pleasure to serve. Just ten years ago, you might have asked what difference could one dairy farmer or even dairy farmers from one state or province make, when it comes to the global dairy community? You were unlikely to be heard unless you were a world class cattle exhibitor, a large breeding company or a well-known speaker or conference trainer. Today armed with social media, handheld camera and dozens of free “apps,” you can make quite an impact. You can organize a hundred or a thousand people. You can get them in sync with a weekly newsletter or charitable cause or research on issues to make dairying better, sustainable, or more profitable. Digital sharing provides global access so that you can self-market to your truest customers and share your dairy focus with the crowd that matters.

9 – Above Everything Else the Best are Real Leaders

The most important ability possessed by top dairy managers is leadership. These individuals provide the leadership to get things started, keep them going, and to draw projects to a meaningful conclusion. It is a person who has extraordinary vision and a strong desire for success. These individuals not only lead in decision-making including making tough decisions, but they also excel in a very unique way. They know when to admit when a decision isn’t working. They admit it and then they move on. Too often on farms that don’t quite reach the top it is because consensus or vote taking is used to determine a new course of action and leads to paralysis by analysis. It is rare to find a truly successful business that is really run by a committee of the whole, although, some of the best farms may seem that way. In reality, there is a gifted leader somewhere in the background that knows how to make it appear that everyone is involved. This is a real gift possessed by top leaders. Some exceptional managers lead average teams of staff and yet produce excellent results. Some exceptional staff if led by a weak leader produce very average results.

The Bullvine Bottom Line

We have keyed in on nine best practices that set apart the best from the rest. In actual fact, there is one 10^th best practice that is necessary to make the rest work. Only the very best are committed to taking action. The best are never satisfied with the status quo. At the end of the day, every day, action separates the best from the rest.

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Categories : Management

Tags : Dairy Farm Best Practices, Management

Dairy Cow Pen Moves – Better Penmanship. Better Results.

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Thursday, June 12th, 2014

With three children who have had significant home moves in the last three years, I am very receptive to the idea that moving dairy cattle — although a fact of life — has impacts far beyond providing them with a simple change of scenery. Therefore, when I read the March 2014 issue of the Miner Institute Farm Report it seemed to speak to something I could relate to. Having said that, moving animals from pen to pen, or barn to pasture is necessary and, therefore, is not an option. Or is it?

The Pitfalls of Too Many Moves

For the typical dairy animal, her farm residency may include six to eight pen moves per lactation not counting the sick or hospital pen (Read more: Hospital Pens for Better or Worse). Depending on farm size and management strategy, during her lactation cycle an average cow might be housed in a fresh pen, high production pen, low production pen, far-off dry pen, and close-up pen. From a management standpoint, there are good reasons for these necessary moves but, until recently, very little attention has been paid to how cows adapt to these moves. It is important to know how they are affected by stocking density. The main conclusion is that all pen changes are stressful for the animal.

How To Minimize Pen Moves

Current recommendations for managing the transition of dry cows or heifers into lactation would include the following moves (and duration of stay):

From a lactating group into a far-off dry group (5 to 6 weeks).
From the far-off group to a close-up group (approximately 3 weeks; heifers are often introduced here).
From the close-up group to a calving/maternity pen (approximately 24 hours).
From the calving/maternity pen to a fresh group (approximately 3 weeks).
From the fresh group to a lactating group.

Who is in Charge?

Recognizing that all moves are stressful and that each group has specific needs, the ideal would suggest that there should be a pen manager for each different group. While it is possible for one person to manage different penning groups, it is wrong to commingle two groups with different needs.

Above All, Do NOT Overcrowd.

Overcrowding sometimes seems to make economic sense, but at a certain level it hurts your cows and your bottom line. Rumination, reproduction and milk quality may all suffer in an overcrowded pen. Think again when adding that “last cow” to the group.

Spanish research found that, milk production declined as stall stocking density increased. Stocking density is an essential component of the cow’s social environment. It determines if she will meet her time budget requirements for feeding, resting and ruminating and, consequently, be healthy and productive. Pen size, as well as stocking density, has an effect on lying and ruminating time. Moving to a smaller pen decreased lying time and to a larger pen increased this behavior.

Research at Miner Institute found that, as stall stocking density surged from 100 to 142 percent, milkfat percentage was reduced and somatic cell count spiked. In fact, overstocked cows ate 25 percent faster and ruminated 1 hour per day less which explained the reduction in the milkfat test. Overstocked cows also experience a greater pathogen load in their environment, have greater teat end exposure to pathogens and may experience immune suppression. These changes could explain the observed adverse effect of overcrowding on milk quality.

Penning by the Numbers

Conclusions drawn from studies of pen stocking include the following:

Change in stocking density affected the cows’ response to regrouping. When cows were moved into a pen with a relative higher stocking density, time spent lying following regrouping decreased. Alternatively, when cows were moved into a pen with a lower stocking density, their total resting time increased.
Data from the University of British Columbia demonstrated multiple negative effects on feeding behavior and potentially rumen health in the 48 hours following the regrouping. They found that aggression at the feedbunk climbed two-fold, DMI (dry matter intake) dropped 10 percent, feeding rate rose 10 percent and rumination times were 10 percent lower after regrouping.

Studies have concentrated on various behavioral changes

Lying and feeding behaviors. Lying and feeding behaviors were monitored from 1 day before regrouping to 1 day after regrouping.
Social aggression at the feed bunk. Social aggression at the feed bunk was monitored for 3 hours following the delivery of feed on the day before and after regrouping. Social aggression increased when stocking density increased and decreased when stocking density decreased following the regrouping.
Regrouping behaviors. Increasingly larger dairy farms result in increased social crowding and social mixing, which in turn causes social stress. Regrouping is more stressful for introduced cows than for resident cows.

Keep Your Pens Clean

Sometimes what seems easiest is counterproductive when it comes to dairy pen management. Although it would seem obvious from the parallel with human hospitals, there seems to be a letdown in sanitation protocols in dairy hospital pens. With so much at risk, in terms of the lifetime production and animal health, overlooking pen cleanliness is a costly decision to make.

Timing is key
Data from Purdue University and the University of British Columbia indicated that moving cows later in the day and avoiding feeding times may be beneficial. This will minimize the reduction in DMI for resident cows as the majority of consumption will occur during the two hours after delivery of fresh feed anyway. Another benefit is that the new cows will enter a pen where minimal activity is occurring, which affords the greatest opportunity to eat and find other resources (resting space, water, grooming brush and so forth) with little competition.

A Danish study observed easier adaption to a new pen for first-lactation cows when introduced in pairs rather than individuals. The result was longer lying times for these cows. Most importantly, no pen moves should occur within one week of calving (other than to a calving pen) and, if possible, moves in the last 14 to 21 days of gestation should be avoided.

Finally, to avoid prolonging the final stages of calving, research from the University of British Columbia and Arahus University suggests moving dairy cows into a calving pen at least five hours before calving. While this may not always be possible, it does reiterate the importance of routine checks on a close-up group to watch for signs of the onset of labor.

Pen Moves Have Both Short and Long Term Effects

The benefits of a longer stay in the close-up pen are not limited to the transition period. Cows and heifers housed in this pen for at least five days produced more milk over the next lactation. This response was greatest for first-lactation heifers, resulting in 3,300 pounds more milk over the lactation. Lengthening the stay in the close-up pen to at least nine days improved production over the first lactation by an additional 2,200 pounds. The same trend, but to a lesser degree, was evident in cows entering their second or greater lactation.

Moving cattle between groups brings about a considerable change in behavior and a period of increased interaction for about 48 hours before social stabilization and the development of a stable hierarchy. These changes may have a negative effect on milk yield and health in the moved individuals. Effects on milk production for mature cows moved after the transition period are small and short term in nature. However, not all movements between groups should be considered equal, and the effect on individuals, first-lactation animals and subordinate animals in particular, during a high-risk period such as the transition period, may be greater and last far longer. Although detected changes in milk yield may be small, there may be longer-term effects on health and reproduction yet to be identified that are of greater significance.

The Bullvine Bottom Line

Every pen move has two main parts: the reason for the move and the intended outcome.

Keeping those two goals in mind, there are opportunities to reduce the negative impacts of physical moves while maximizing the potential of your dairy herd. That`s always a good move!

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Categories : Management

Tags : Dairy Cow Pen Moves, Dairy Cow Penmanship, Management

Manure Evaluation: Key to nutrition and herd health

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Tuesday, May 20th, 2014

Awareness is one of the best tools dairy managers can make use of. A daily barn or pasture walk with boots that don`t hesitate to poke into manure piles behind the cattle, can be a valuable signal of what`s happening with herd health and nutrition. No special equipment is required to make a speedy determination of the color, consistency and content of the manure being passed by a group of dairy cows.

The Three C’s: Consistency, Color and Content

If the cows share the same diet, their manure should share similar characteristics. In a 200-cow dairy, a walk-through that checks the manure of 15 to 20 cows should be able to provide enough observations to draw conclusions. The expectation is that less than five per cent will stand out as significantly different from the general herd. It is important to determine what is causing the difference.

Check Consistency First!

Feed drives production. Knowing the digestion status of the working cows is an important tool for making management decisions. What you see in the manure output, should be porridge-like and produce the dome-shaped 1 or 2 inch thick ‘plop’ that is the sign of healthy digestion. Feed type, the nutrient and fibre content, water quality and intake and passage rate all have an impact on the final product. Restricted water or protein produces firmer feces. Dehydration results in firm balls of manure. Seeing loose feces or diarrhea may indicate excessive protein intake or high levels of rumen degradable protein. Manure may be loose during periods of stress. Other cases of loose manure are far more serious and their actual causes seem to be harder to pinpoint. For example, sub-clinical acidosis (SARA) causes loose manure consistency to vary amongst herd members as well as other multiple changes over time for each suffering cow.

Color Paints a Management Checkpoint

Fecal color is influenced by feed type, bile concentration, and the passage rate of feedstuffs and digesta. Recognizing what is `normal` for the current type of diet being fed, sets up the opportunity to identify variations that could indicate a need for action. Typically, manure is dark green when cattle graze fresh forage and darkens to a brown-olive if animals receive a hay ration. When cows consume a typical TMR, feces are usually a yellow-olive color. This color results from the combination of grain and forage and will vary by the amount of grain and processing of that grain. If an animal experiences diarrhea, feces may change to a gray color. Animals undergoing medical treatment may excrete abnormal colored feces as a result of drugs that are administered. Dark or bloody manure may indicate hemorrhaging in the gastrointestinal tract from watery dysentery, mycotoxins, or coccidiosis. Light-green or yellowish manure combined with watery diarrhea can result from bacterial infections such as salmonella. Of course, any rapid change in colors signals that something is not right and immediate corrective action needs to be taken.

Content is Last but Not Least!

The third “c” to inspect is content. The contents of manure can provide dairy managers with information about how the dairy diet is working. Manure that is produced from cows fed a well-balanced nutritious ration (with adequate effective fibre) is very uniform. It contains digested feed particles with the majority of processed forage fibre no greater than 1/2 inch, and with little escaped grain.

Long forage particles or undigested grains are a sign that rumination has been challenged and the cause needs to be determined. It could be a problem with the animal or with the processing of the grain itself. Obviously these large particles in the manure mean that the nutrition in them has not been made available to the animals or to rumen microbes.

Mucus is another indicator to use as an alert. The presence of excessive amounts of mucus indicates chronic inflammation of or injury to gut tissue. Mucin casts also may be observed. These indicate damage to the large intestine, possibly caused by extensive hindgut fermentation and low pH. The mucin is produced by cells lining the intestine in an attempt to heal the affected area. As well manure that appears foamy or bubbly may indicate lactic acidosis or excessive hindgut fermentation resulting in gas production.

A Poop Picture Helps with Informed Decision Making

Manure scores 1 and 5 are not desirable and may reflect a health problem besides dietary limitations. Score 4 droppings may reflect a need to rebalance the ration. As cows progress through their lactation, manure score may also shift as outlined below.

Fresh cows (score 2 to 2 ½)
Early lactation cows (2 ½ to 3)
Late lactation cows (3 to 3 ½)
Far off dry cows (3 to 4)
Close up dry cows (2 ½ to 3 ½)

Increasing the amount of degradable, soluble, or total protein; deceasing the amount or physical form of the fiber; increasing starch level, decreasing grain particle size (such as fine grinding or steam flaking), and consuming excess minerals (especially potassium and sodium) can cause manure scores to decline (for example from 3 to 2).

The color of manure is influenced by feed, amount of bile, and passage rate. Cows on pasture are dark green while hay based rations are more brown. High grain-based diets are more gray-like. Slower rates of passage causes the color to darken and become more ball-shaped with a shine on the surface due to mucus coating. Score 1 may be more pale due to more water and less bile content. Hemorrhage in the small intestine causes black and tar-like manure while bleeding in the rectum results in red to brown discoloration or streaks of red.

Physical Analysis

When it comes right down to manure evaluation, you have to get right down to it. After the 3 C’s inspection using eyes, boots and cow sense information, it’s time to look deeper. Collect at least five manure samples that appear to be representative of the group of animals. Mix the collected samples and place a pint-sized sample on a .05-.08- inch mesh sieve or in a strainer. Using a hose, wash a gentle, steady stream of water over the sieve, passing across the sample continuously until the water running from the bottom of the sieve is clear. Then gently use running water to roll or float the particles to one corner of the sieve and remove all material from the sieve.

Place the washed sample on a flat dark surface and examine it for the following:

Long fiber particles — It is inevitable that some long forage particles will appear, but if most are greater than 0.5 inch there may be cause for concern. Poor digestion of forages may be due to the makeup of the fiber component of the diet (low quality forages) or to the ability of the animal to digest the forage being fed (poorly balanced rations).
Grain particles — The small intestine is capable of digesting starch, allowing the cow to utilize this nutrient. However, the amount of starch digested is limited by the rate of digesta passage through the small intestine.

The Bullvine Bottom Line

It cannot be overemphasized how important it is to effectively manage herd health and nutrition. Every tool that informs that decision making process is valuable and manure evaluation is a valuable link in that chain of understanding. Don`t overlook the simplicity of a boots through the barn examination of your herd’s manure production. It’s not science but it gives the start to analyzing how your dairy diet is being consumed, digested and left behind.

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Categories : Management

Tags : Herd Health, Management, Manure Evaluation, nutrition

“LESS IS BEST” For “MORE” Heifer Replacement PROFIT

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Thursday, May 8th, 2014

Costs for raising replacement heifers, like other inputs on dairy operations, have been rising continuously for more than 15 years. Unfortunately market prices received for heifers are landing in the exact opposite direction. Today the market value is below the rearing costs which place dairy managers between a rock and a hard place. You can`t do without replacements but it`s costing too much to raise them. It`s all about being more economical. Ironically the way to get more is achieved by focusing on less.

You Need Advisors Who Know “LESS”

It seems almost counter-productive to expect less from those who are experts in their field, but with the state of the market and the obligation to be profitable, everyone needs to be a specialist in the less proposition: less feed costs, less raising time, less time to weaning, less time to breeding. Each person that you consult with or work beside on your dairy needs to have this appreciation for less: Extension Dairy specialists, nutritionists, veterinarians, geneticists and financial advisors can apply their resources to your specific situation and help you find how to make “less” your value proposition.

SIX ways to MAKE MORE with “LESS”

There are many ways to improve your heifer replacement program. It is no surprise that prolonged challenges in this area is having the positive effect of producing specialists who have focused on solving the numerous issues that are involved. Of course, the Internet is a gold mine of ideas, examples, charts and field trials that can make your decision making more focused. Dr. Larry Tranel and Dr. Lee Kilmer, both of Iowa State University, have provided a compendium of materials to polish up your understanding of this area (Click here). You can start by reviewing published materials or seek out on line or live seminars.

1. Don’t Raise Anything “Less” than the Best

This first step is probably the most important for long term heifer replacement success. We absolutely must get past the unwritten rule that you raise every calf that is born alive. Modern genetic tools such as sexed semen (Read more: Sexed Semen from Cool Technology to Smart Business Decision and SEXED SEMEN – At Your Service!) and genomics (Read more: The Genomic Bubble Has Burst?, How Genomics is Killing the Dairy Cattle Breeding Industry and Genomics – Lies, Miss-Truths and False Publications!) are combining with improved management to make a positive impact on heifer raising. Using one or all of these can mean that there are lot more heifers on the ground than are needed to replace culled cows. There are formulae available that can determine the number of replacement heifers to expect on your operation. They factor in variables such as herd size, calving interval, sex ratio of calves born alive, calf mortality rate and age at first calving. Actual examples are available online. You can use the Kilmer/Tranel site previously noted or seek out one that may be more accessible to your dairy location or go to Penn State Extension. Raising extra heifers represents extra expenses for feed, labour, facilities. This needs to be pencilled out against potential income the heifer sales might generate. (Read more: Should you be raising your own heifers? and Herd Health, Management, Genetics and Pilot Projects: A Closer Look at ZOETIS, 8 Ways DNA PROFILING Your Whole Herd Will Improve Your Breeding Program and Genomic testing: Feeding the world with profitable cows)

Of course, once you know the exact number you are targeting it is equally important to determine which heifers are actually the best. One option is to identify the lower genetic potential calves by genomic testing and then cull the bottom 10-25% before investing dollars in raising them. Making an informed decision can result in very significant improvements in milk and fat yield.

2. Less Feed Cost

Feed literally eats up a large portion of your dairy expense budget. It therefore is a prime target for management efficiency. Meticulous record keeping is needed to make sure that you have good data for decision making. This is an area which can have wide variation on inputs – due to geography, logistics or specific farm variables such as soil fertility and availability. More than in the past, managers are considering rotational grazing. Motivated by using what is already available, reducing labor and machinery costs or some seek the better profit margins on organic milk which requires pasture-fed management of the milking herd. Other location dependent options could include using various by-product feedstuffs to reduce feeding costs. I recall my first surprise when I learned that cookies and donuts from local factories and fast-food operations were becoming part of dairy herd rations. It gives a whole new meaning to “milk-and-cookies”.

3. Less Confinement Feeding Could Net Profits

Intensive grazing of dairy heifers can reduce cost of labor and feed by reducing manure management and the feeding of harvested forages. Reducing costs by grazing heifers on productive crop ground depends on management skills, yield and assumptions used. Reports of field trials are available on line. Also reported are significant health benefits (ultimately less illness, less cost, less staff time) from rotational grazing for dairy heifers (Click here).

Weight and milk production gains with heifers raised on pasture compared to confinement have also been realized. In a study by Posner and Hedtke, 2012, (CIAS Research Brief #89), yearling heifers gained 1.97 and 1.86 pounds per day on pasture and in confinement, respectively. For ME Milk production, the first lactation heifers produced 25,328 and 23,415, pounds of milk respectively for those raised on pasture versus those raised in confinement. Thus, from reducing costs, increasing health and milk production, raising heifers on pasture makes sense.

A significant conclusion is summed up by Dr. Tranel in “Optimizing Your Heifer Enterprise” where he points out: “Feed costs make up the largest share of the costs to raise a calf to freshening. One method to reduce feed costs is to combine corn co-products with low quality forages. A difference of $0.23 per head per day doesn’t sound like a lot until you consider the 800 pound heifer to be the “average” size heifer in a dairy herd. Therefore, a herd of 100 cows would have about 75 heifers that could be fed this lower cost ration. In one year that is a saving of over $6,000.”

4. Less time to Weaning

Tranel and Kilmer point out the benefits of taking less time in getting replacement heifers to the weaning stage. “It typically costs $5-$6 per calf per day to raise a calf from birth to weaning. A 56 day birth-weaning period typically has an estimated $336 of expenses. If this birth-to-weaning cost is subtracted, along with the ownership cost and initial value of the heifer, the cost to raise from weaning-to-calving is $1,661.50 over 674 days or $2.47 per day for the average weight heifer.”

5. Less Time to Breeding

It isn’t unexpected that heifer replacement specialists target less time taken in getting heifers to breeding stage. “Producers should make every effort to grow heifers faster so that they reach the target weights by 13 months of age so that they can be bred.” Getting heifers bred and calving sooner, means they will join the milk string sooner and start generating income.

6. Less Time to Calving

Management strategies targeting less time to calving are positive to many aspects of your heifer replacement program as outlined by the Iowa State Extension Specialists. “Reducing the age at first calving will have one of the greatest impacts on reducing the total costs of raising replacement dairy heifers from birth to calving. Another great impact would be that the doubling of the birthrate from birth to weaning may actually increase costs during that time frame but the milk production benefits later on far outweigh the added costs. More Holsteins calved at 23 or 24 months of age than any other age and these heifers produced more milk in their first lactation than heifers that calved at an older age. Thus there is no economic advantage to calving heifers at 26 months or older.” The article also contained this nugget from Kilmer and Tranel: “It is important to realize that reducing the heifer raising period from 24 months to 23 months saves approximately $94 per heifer for a total cost of $2,166 per heifer raised. For a 100- cow herd raising 40 replacements each year, this savings would equal $3,760 per year.”

Source: Optimizing Your Heifer Enterprise

The Bullvine Bottom Line

The cost of raising heifers is well above the market value they bring on today’s market. Management practices that focus wherever possible on getting MORE from LESS heifers, in LESS time and with LESS feed costs is the best way to get more out of your replacement heifer program. That also means MORE profitability for your bottom line.

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Categories : Management

Tags : Best Practices, Feed Costs, Genomic Testing, Heifer Raising, Management, Zoetis

50 Sires that will Produce Feed Efficient Cows

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Monday, February 17th, 2014

On a regular basis The Bullvine produces lists of sires that meet the breeding goals of our readers. Since producing a list of 30 Sires that will produce Feed Efficient Cow$ a year ago (Read more: 30 Sires that will produce Feed Efficient Cows) we have done considerable research into what makes for feed efficient and lifetime profitable cows (Read more: She Ain’t Pretty – She Just Milks That Way!).

What is Efficiency?

Researchers from a number of institutions and countries are jointly studying which cows are the most feed efficient. To date the studies continue and there are not yet definitive answers. In Hoards Dairyman in 2012 University of Illinois Professor Mike Hutjens brought forward a very interesting thought. His reasoning is that cows are fed a wide variety of diets and that it is the income over feed costs (net dollar returns after feed costs) that is the important factor when it comes to herd profit.

In research herds it may be possible to capture feed intakes but at the farm level it is currently not possible. Without feed intakes on a cow by cow basis it will not be possible to rank sires for their daughters’ feed efficiency. So, at least, for the immediate future the most practical thing to do will be to compare diets on their income over feed costs and to compare sires’ daughters on their ability to: 1) live is group environments; 2) get pregnant; 3) require minimal individual care; and 4) produce high volumes of fat and protein from low SCS milk on the feed they are fed. And, 5) they need to last for four or more lactations.

Bullvine Efficiency Index (BEI)

A year ago The Bullvine developed and published this index based on information from a number of sire listings. It has been very reassuring to see that with further investigation that this index continued to be a very good predictor for sires that will produce cows that will ring the bell when it comes to profit over a lifetime.

BEI = Production (45%) + Durability (30%) + Health & Fertility (25%)

Production = 30 Fat Yield + 50 Protein Yield + 10 Fat % + 10 Protein %

Durability = 17 Herd Life/Productive Life + 42 Mammary/UDC + 25 F&L/FLC – 8 Body Depth – 8 Stature

Health & Fertility = 46 SCS + 23 Daughter Fertility / DPR + 23 Udder Depth + 8 Milking Speed

Notes:

Milk Yield is not included as it contributes to more udder strain and additional milk volume to be transported or on-farm water removal cost.
The negative weightings on Body Depth and Stature reflect that larger cows require extra feed to grow to that size and to maintain that larger size each and every day compared to cows of more moderate size.
BEI is calculated using CDN’s Custom Index Calculator. An overall sire ranking is not possible using the calculator as it only allows quires for three groupings – Proven Canadian, Proven MACE and Genomically Evaluated Sires. Bulls are ranked for BEI within each list as a percent of the top bull on the list.

Young Sires Currently Being Sampled

Table 1 contains North American sires that are currently being sampled or will be sampled over the next few months.

Name	LPI	Sire	Dam Name
DESU MOGUL 2439-ET	3748	MOGUL	DE-SU 192-ET
LACTOMONT NIKOTA SARGEANT	3682	SARGEANT	JOLICAP LOLY OMAN OMAN
DE-SU MOGUL 2458-ET	3664	MOGUL	DE-SU 8947-ET
DA-SO-BURN UNO 781	3631	NUMERO UNO	DA-SO-BURN DORCY BECKA-ET
GILLETTE MOGUL CARREL	3631	MOGUL	GILLETTE IOTA CARMEN
BUSCHUR MOGUL 6512	3623	MOGUL	ROYLANE SOCRA MIRA 1760-ET
T-GEN-AC MOGUL SHIMMER-ET	3620	MOGUL	TRANQUILLITY AC DREARYS SHOT
S-S-I SUPRSIRE MIRI 8679-ET	3537	SUPERSIRE	S-S-I BOOKEM MODESTO7269-ET
S-S-I UNO MATTEA 8445-ET	3528	NUMERO UNO	S-S-I SNOW MALENA 7514-ET
KERNDTWAY MCCUTCHEN DAYO-ET	3498	MCCUTCHEN	GOLDEN-OAKS OBSRVR DIXIE-ET
SUMMERLIZ LAYA EPIC	3471	EPIC	SUMMERLIZ MAN O MAN LAUSY
DE-SU ODADDY 2471-ET	3468	DADDY	DE-SU 719-ET
WOODCREST MOGUL ANNA-ET	3455	MOGUL	VISION-GEN SH FRD A12304-ET
OCD SUPERSIRE ENRICH-ET	3451	SUPERSIRE	OCD FREDDIE EVERLAST-ET
RAYON D'OR LEXOR ELYANE	3430	LEXOR	WABASH-WAY-I SHOTTLE EMBER
DE-SU MOGUL 2436-ET	3425	MOGUL	LADYS-MANOR PL SHAKIRA-ET
TWIN-SPRUCE CILO	3412	NUMERO UNO	TWIN-SPRUCE DORCY COTTON-ET
KERNDTWAY MCCUTCHEN DUCE-ET	3407	MCCUTCHEN	GOLDEN-OAKS OBSRVR DIXIE-ET
WOODCREST MOGUL FRANCE-ET	3387	MOGUL	VISION-GEN SH FRD A12304-ET
OCD KRUNCH MASON-ET	3387	KRUNCH	OCD DORCY MARIGOLD-ET
SIEMERS MCCUTCH KIANNA-ET	3383	MCCUTCHEN	LEVASH EXPLODE KIANNA
LACTOMONT LOCASS SARGEANT	3379	SARGEANT	SUMMERLIZ MAN O MAN LAUSY
DE-SU MCCUTCHEN 2433-ET	3375	MCCUTCHEN	DE-SU 344-ET
DE-SU MOGUL 2413-ET	3372	MOGUL	DE-SU 363-ET
SIEMERS MOGUL REAL-DREAM-ET	3372	MOGUL	CLEAR-ECHO OBSERVER 2283-ET
FARNEAR MCMORMAN MARCIE-ET	3366	MOGUL	FARNEAR MILIE MCMORMANN-ET
OCD SUPERSIRE EMBARK-ET	3365	SUPERSIRE	OCD FREDDIE EVERLAST-ET
LACTOMONT NIKITA SARGEANT	3344	SARGEANT	JOLICAP LOLY OMAN OMAN
DE-SU MOGUL 2432-ET	3343	MOGUL	DE-SU 363-ET
S-S-I CLARTA MERYL 8545-ET	3333	CLARTA	S-S-I TWIST MOJO 7326-ET
BOLDI MOGUL ALDA	3313	MOGUL	PARAMOUNT-MB OBSRV AGATE-ET
LOOKOUT RMH MOGUL GRETA	3313	MOGUL	DE-SU 9842-ET
CO-OP MOGUL SYDNEY 6894-ET	3312	MOGUL	FUSTEAD SYDNEY CRI-ET
CITILIMITS MOGUL MAJIC 681	3291	MOGUL	CITILIMITS GARRET MAJIC 562
S-S-I COSMO 68 SOSA 8628-ET	3281	COSMO	AMMON-PEACHY SUPER 7068-ET
CO-OP MOGUL SYDNEY 6891-ET	3279	MOGUL	FUSTEAD SYDNEY CRI-ET
CRACKHOLM LEJEUNE PATRICIA	3272	HUNTER	WELCOME BRONCO PATRON
B-HIDDENHILLS UNO 1882	3270	NUMERO UNO	B-HIDDENHILLS DORCY 1405-ET
DE-SU LITHIUM 2440-ET	3268	LITHIUM	DE-SU 410-ET
	3262	NUMERO UNO	WILRA PLANET 946-ET
OCD SUPERSIRE ACE-ET	3258	SUPERSIRE	VISION-GEN SH FRD A12276-ET
DE-SU MCCUTCHEN 2462-ET	3254	MCCUTCHEN	DE-SU 730-ET
GEPAQUETTE SARGEANT RAVICHOU	3245	SARGEANT	GEPAQUETTE BOLTON RAVISANTE
CO-OP UNO CLASSY 6895-ET	3243	NUMERO UNO	CO-OP PLANET CLASSY-ET
HET MEER LUCKY SHOT 2990	3234	NUMERO UNO	HET MEER LUCKY SHOT 6
BARNKAMPER MARILYN 414	3232	MOGUL	BARNKAMPER MARILYN 279
SUMMERLIZ LAURYNA EPIC	3231	EPIC	SUMMERLIZ MAN O MAN LAUSY
S-S-I OCOSMO MINETTE8657-ET	3227	O-COSMOPOLITAN	S-S-I BOOKEM MODESTO7269-ET
S-S-I DONATEL MORIE 8678-ET	3225	DONATELLO	S-S-I BOOK MERAUX 7286-ET
OCD MCCUTCHEN BANKOK-ET	3215	MCCUTCHEN	FARNEAR BROCADE P BRISSA-ET
LACTOMONT NIKOTO SARGEANT	3212	SARGEANT	JOLICAP LOLY OMAN OMAN
FAVORITE	3209	MAN-O-MAN	CLARINE
BARNKAMPER MARILYN 411	3207	HUNTER
T-GEN-AC LAYNE RUSSIA-ET	3201	LAYNE	TRANQUILLITY AC DREARYS RUSH
MS EMILY EMERA-ET	3193	DADDY	TRAMILDA-N BAXTER EMILY-ET
END-ROAD MCCUTCHEN BABA-ET	3189	MCCUTCHEN	HAVILAND OBSERVER BEV-ET
S-S-I OCOSMO KALISA 8646-ET	3186	O-COSMOPOLITAN	S-S-I ROBUST KEYES 7260-ET
S-S-I DEAN MELYNE 8538-ET	3183	DEAN	S-S-I ROBUST MAGIC 7228-ET
SSI EARNHARDT 8651-ET	3177	EARNHARDT P	HENDEL OBSV TRINITY 3274-ET
DE-SU COSMO 2431	3177	COSMO	DE-SU 385-ET
ZIMMERVIEW SUPRSRE BELL-ET	3174	SUPERSIRE	ROCKYPATH-HO MN BARBARA-ET
FUSTEAD EPIC LINDSEY-ET	3174	EPIC	GLEN-TOCTIN BOLT LUCILLE-ET
JHS ALEXIA 49	3171	MOGUL	LM ALEXIA 22
LADIES-FIRST LXOR BANGLE-ET	3171	LEXOR	MAPLEMOUNT BOLTON BUNNY
TSPRUCE MOGUL 7247	3169	MOGUL	MISTY SPRINGS PLANET BRICE
WOODCREST NUM UNO FRENZI-ET	3167	NUMERO UNO	VISION-GEN SH FRD A12304-ET
DE-SU ODADDY 2447-ET	3155	DADDY	DE-SU 719-ET
DE-SU MOGUL 2428-ET	3152	MOGUL	DE-SU 8672-ET
S-S-I SPRSIRE SHARA 8547-ET	3148	SUPERSIRE	BOSSIDE SOUL SISTER-ET
BRYHILL ONE SASSY P	3147	NUMERO UNO	VENTURE SHOTTBOLT SIZZLE P
BOFRAN BREWMASTER FABY	3145	BREWMASTER	BOFRAN MAN O MAN FLORALIE
DONNANDALE HUNTER LEONA	3142	HUNTER	DONNANDALE LAUTHORITY LEMON
LACTOMONT BENZ HEFTY	3142	HEFTY	PARKHURST BEACON BALAMA
DESU MOGUL 2216-ET	3136	MOGUL	DE-SU 194-ET
DE-SU SHAN 2455-ET	3132	SHAN	DE-SU 657-ET
RSB ELDORET	3130	EPIC	RSB CANA 799
DE-SU MOGUL 2393-ET	3127	MOGUL	DE-SU 674-ET
S-S-I ANDERSON FAWN 8626-ET	3124	ANDERSON	S-S-I MANO FLOWER 7139-ET
VINBERT UNO MIDGET	3121	NUMERO UNO	VINBERT FREDDIE BRIDGET
WOODCREST MCCUTCHN LINNY-ET	3118	MCCUTCHEN	WOODCREST OBSERVE LUCIA-ET
DE-SU EPIC 2390-ET	3117	EPIC	DE-SU 9990-ET
MS APPLES UNO ARMANA-ET	3114	NUMERO UNO	KHW REGIMENT APPLE-RED-ET
SANDY-VALLEY HDLINR MACY-ET	3112	HEADLINER	BROOKVIEW MYSTERIOUS-ET
S-S-I OCOSMO MIKI 8654-ET	3111	O-COSMOPOLITAN	S-S-I BOOKEM MODESTO7269-ET
WOODCREST MCCUTCHEN LEAH-ET	3109	MCCUTCHEN	WOODCREST OBSERVE LUCIA-ET
MAPEL WOOD MOGUL BROOK	3107	MOGUL	MAPEL WOOD MAN O MAN BROOKE
RICKLAND SUPERSIRE 4469-ET	3103	SUPERSIRE	TRAMILDA-N SUPER BELLA-ET
UFM-DUBS ERRCAMAC-ET	3103	MCCUTCHEN	UFM-DUBS ERRCA-ET
SPRUCE-HAVEN MOG MI14330-ET	3099	MOGUL	VISION-GEN SH FRD M12112-ET
S-S-I OFFIE WYANET 8549-ET	3098	OFFIE	S-S-I BOOKEM WILTON 7273-ET
JM VALLEY MOGUL GALAXIE	3097	MOGUL	WELCOME PLANET GRANNY-ET
BARNKAMPER MARILYN 402	3086	HIGHLIGHT	BARNKAMPER MARILYN 279
OCD KRUNCH MASQUERADE-ET	3085	KRUNCH	OCD DORCY MARIGOLD-ET
S-S-I SPRSIRE MISTY 8684-ET	3082	SUPERSIRE	S-S-I SHAMROCK MAGIC7368-ET
OCD KRUNCH MANIFEST-ET	3081	KRUNCH	OCD DORCY MARIGOLD-ET
END-ROAD MCCUTCHEN BLANC-ET	3080	MCCUTCHEN	HAVILAND OBSERVER BEV-ET
PONDEROSA FACEBOOK EMILY	3078	FACEBOOK	WILLSBRO EMILYANN ET
BOLDI MOGUL ANGELA	3078	MOGUL	PARAMOUNT-MB OBSRV AGATE-ET
KINGS-RANSOM SHAN FLIRTY	3075	SHAN	KINGS-RANSOM ROS FLITTER-ET

* BEI (Bullvine Efficiency Index) – each sire’s ranking is as a percent of the top sire

The ten sires on this list are all very high for efficiency. Their indexes for fat yield, protein yield, SCS, herd life and mammary are high. Breeders looking for a high all around sire should take a look a Rubicon.

Young Sires Recently Sampled

Table 2 contains North American sires that have been sampled and will be proven in 3 years.

Name	Sire	GTPI*	Milk	Fat	Protein	NM$	PL	SCS	DPR	PTAT	FLC	UDC	Owner	State/Ctry
DA-SO-BURN UNO 781	AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET	2643	1440	93	55	951	6.9	2.59	1.8	3.56	3.26	3.3	Darin & Sonya Burnikel	Cresco , IA
EDG CT UNO CINERGY	AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET	2625	1563	110	75	935	5.1	2.6	1.3	3.19	2.71	2.22	Elite Dairy Genomics LLC	Chebanse , IL
SEAGULL-BAY SSIRE DEBRA-ET	SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET	2604	2217	101	74	942	6	2.64	0.4	3.42	2.29	2.8	Seagull Bay Dairy Inc.	American Falls , ID
S-S-I SUPRSIRE MIRI 8679-ET	SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET	2599	2575	87	78	934	6.2	2.74	0.6	3.16	2.97	2.65	Select Sires Inc.	Plain City , OH
T-GEN-AC MOGUL SHIMMER-ET	MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET	2596	1656	109	59	871	4.4	2.64	0.6	3.65	3.04	3.45	Tim Clark	Brownsburg-Chatham , IA
S-S-I OCOSMO KALISA 8646-ET	O-COSMOPOLITAN-ET	2570	1604	77	65	971	8.1	2.69	1.1	2.83	1.7	3.11	Select Sires Inc.	Plain City , OH
S-S-I DEAN MELYNE 8538-ET	RONELEE SUPER DEAN-ET	2562	1800	68	64	832	5	2.67	2	3.64	2.78	3.29	Select Sires Inc.	Plain City , OH
B-HIDDENHILLS UNO 1882	AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET	2558	1309	70	55	899	7	2.37	0.8	3.42	2.92	3.49	B. P. & L. Brunink	Mc Bain , MI
HY-JO-DE UNO LUCILLE-ET	AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET	2547	2035	80	68	843	5.8	2.58	0.6	3.77	2.5	3.07	Joel F. Gerke	Bangor , WI
MS WELCOME SUPERSIRE TIA-ET	SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET	2544	2205	76	65	831	5.5	2.79	1	3.72	2.32	3.45	William H. Peck & Peter C. Vai	Schuylerville , NY
DE-SU MOGUL 2458-ET	MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET	2542	2031	96	69	908	5.7	2.54	-0.3	3.22	2.35	2.87	De Su Holsteins LLC	New Albin , IA
MORMANN SR GINGERBRED	LADYS-MANOR PL SHAMROCK-ET	2533	1848	89	59	913	7.2	2.71	1.3	3.29	2.25	2.5	Jennifer Mormann	Farley , IA
S-S-I UNO MATTEA 8445-ET	AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET	2526	2088	85	75	807	4.8	2.8	1.2	3.46	2.57	2.36	Select Sires Inc.	Plain City , OH
MS EMILY EMERA-ET	RONELEE SSI O DADDY-ET	2525	1346	86	48	871	6.9	2.58	0.8	3.65	2.85	2.87	Trans-America Genetics	St-Hyacinthe QC , CA
CO-OP UNO CLASSY 6895-ET	AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET	2523	674	100	44	963	7.5	2.56	2.1	2.82	2.1	2.52	Genesis Cooperative Herd	Shawano , WI
SULLHRTFORD NUNO ANA 383-ET	AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET	2519	1613	70	59	817	6.1	2.72	1.7	3.76	2.01	3.13	Robert Eustice & Mike Sullivan	Byron , MN
LACTOMONT NIKOTA SARGEANT	SEAGULL-BAY SARGEANT-ET	2509	1422	79	63	816	4.6	2.78	1.7	3.43	3.33	2.56	Trans-America Genetics	St-Hyacinthe , QC
S-S-I OCOSMO MINNA 8661-ET	O-COSMOPOLITAN-ET	2508	1053	64	59	821	6.2	2.78	1.5	3.54	2.23	3.29	Select Sires Inc.	Plain City , OH
S-S-I COSMO 68 SOSA 8628-ET	TEXEL BEAUTY COSMO-ET	2506	1132	85	53	852	5.8	2.57	1.9	3.26	2.76	2.5	Select Sires Inc.	Plain City , OH
BUTZ-HILL MAGICSTAR	DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET	2504	1427	88	62	719	2.7	2.58	-0.4	4.16	3.52	3.23	Mark Butz	Mount Vernon , IA
SIEMERS MOGUL REAL-DREAM-ET	MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET	2503	1509	81	61	885	6	2.57	1.3	2.92	2.54	2.4	Siemers Holstein Farms Inc.	Newton , WI
MORMANN UNO GARLIC	AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET	2501	1285	75	57	828	6.3	2.75	1.5	3.42	3.07	2.58	Jennifer Mormann	Farley , IA
WOODCREST MOGUL PRETTY-ET	MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET	2499	1371	83	57	855	5.5	2.59	0.3	3.27	2.73	3.36	Woodcrest Dairy LLC	Lisbon , NY
OCD KRUNCH MASON-ET	HAMMER-CREEK FRED KRUNCH-ET	2498	1675	58	50	890	8.2	2.49	0.9	2.95	2.75	3.41	Oakfield Corners Dairy	Oakfield , NY
DE-SU COSMO 2431	TEXEL BEAUTY COSMO-ET	2498	1484	65	61	848	6.6	2.5	1.5	2.95	2.58	2.46	Darin Meyer	New Albin , IA
TIGER-LILY UNO LINDSEY-ET	AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET	2481	1237	94	57	901	6.2	2.52	0.5	2.99	1.89	2.64	John R. Marshman	Oxford , NY
SPEEK-NJ MOG SHERYL CROW-ET	MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET	2480	2514	95	72	804	4.3	2.82	-0.2	3.45	2.22	2.77	Neil McDonah	Trempealeau , WI
WELCOME MCCUTCHEN CHASY-ET	DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET	2475	2086	71	71	715	3.7	2.71	-0.1	3.81	2.96	3.03	Welcome Stock Farm LLC	Schuylerville , NY
WOODCREST NUM UNO FRENZI-ET	AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET	2474	1275	81	49	772	5.2	2.77	1.4	3.69	2.94	3.21	Woodcrest Dairy LLC	Lisbon , NY
S-S-I DONATEL MORIE 8678-ET	MR OCD ROBUST DONATELLO-ET	2463	1955	79	62	752	4.5	2.77	-0.5	3.83	3.14	3.09	Select Sires Inc.	Plain City , OH
CHARTROISE UNO MAURA-ET	AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET	2462	1455	114	62	842	4.6	2.88	0.5	2.8	2.23	2.47	Select Genetics LLC	Manitowoc , WI
TJR DE-DIAMOND 2181-ET	MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET	2459	1862	69	60	813	5.5	2.56	0.2	3.24	2.06	3.18	TJR Genetics	Farley , IA
S-S-I OFFIE WYANET 8549-ET	CLEAR-ECHO OBSERVR OFFIE-ET	2458	1870	59	64	906	8.2	2.68	2.2	2.39	0.76	2.5	Select Sires Inc.	Plain City , OH
S-S-I OCOSMO MIKI 8654-ET	O-COSMOPOLITAN-ET	2455	1619	74	69	782	5.1	2.83	0.2	3.33	1.92	3.13	Select Sires Inc.	Plain City , OH
MS WELCOME SUPERSR TANIA-ET	SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET	2449	2508	78	73	803	5.1	2.75	1.1	2.68	2.37	1.87	William H. Peck & Peter C. Vai	Schuylerville , NY
WOODCREST MOGUL ANNA-ET	MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET	2447	1767	84	63	836	5.3	2.77	0.4	2.76	3.38	2.36	Samuel R Potter	Union Springs , NY
MOUNTFIELD MGL LILY-ET	MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET	2447	1029	86	46	860	6.1	2.51	1.2	2.83	2.37	2.94	Roger & Philip Marshfield	Marcellus , NY
LADYS-MANOR UNO DESIGNER-ET	AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET	2447	1322	97	53	848	6	2.57	-0.3	3.26	2.37	2.76	Ladys Manor LLC	Monkton , MD
MORMANN UNO ARABIA-ET	AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET	2447	1411	89	55	809	5.3	2.78	0.9	3.1	2.75	2.71	Bryhill Farm Inc	Ormstown PQ , IA
DE-SU ODADDY 2471-ET	RONELEE SSI O DADDY-ET	2443	1778	102	64	843	5.2	2.64	-0.1	3.28	2.03	2.01	De Su Holsteins LLC	New Albin , IA
OCD SUPERSIRE ENRICH-ET	SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET	2442	2723	99	80	861	5.3	2.94	0.1	2.64	2.01	1.67	Oakfield Corners Dairy	Oakfield , NY
WILRA UNO 497-ET	AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET	2441	1433	91	54	840	6.7	2.64	0.6	3.17	1.71	2.5	Wilra Farms Inc.	Nashville , IL
EDG RUBY MOGUL ROSE	MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET	2440	1962	106	58	899	6	2.72	-0.2	2.53	2.54	2.25	Elite Dairy Genomics LLC	Chebanse , IL
EDG TIGER MOGUL TAMMY	MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET	2439	1764	78	55	800	5.2	2.65	0.5	3.05	1.99	3.34	Elite Dairy Genomics LLC	Chebanse , IL
WOODCREST MOGUL FRANCE-ET	MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET	2437	2220	64	62	790	5.3	2.7	0	3.09	3.18	3.2	Woodcrest Dairy LLC	Lisbon , NY
FARNEAR FREEDOM FRESH-ET	SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET	2436	1572	69	54	869	7.2	2.69	2.2	2.31	2.07	2.25	Rick & Tom Simon	Farley , IA
WOODCREST UNO ANNE-ET	AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET	2436	1457	77	51	810	6.1	2.74	2.2	2.82	2.97	2.3	Samuel R Potter	Union Springs , NY
MS MOVIESTAR DADDY MIC-ET	RONELEE SSI O DADDY-ET	2436	1507	63	54	851	7.8	2.7	2.1	2.92	1.03	2.35	Butler Borba Glaz-Way & Durr	Chebanse , IL
TIGER-LILY UNO LATTA-ET	AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET	2435	1287	76	47	796	6.3	2.7	0.8	3.67	2.28	2.86	John R. Marshman	Oxford , NY
AURORA UNO 13474-ET	AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET	2434	1877	86	54	821	5.7	2.72	1.3	2.95	2.1	2.58	Aurora Ridge Dairy LLC	Aurora , NY
DE-SU LITHIUM 2440-ET	S-S-I DOMAIN LITHIUM-ET	2433	2230	69	67	755	5	2.77	0.9	3.18	1.88	2.72	Darin Meyer	New Albin , IA
SPEEK-NJ UNO DAPHNE 391-ET	AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET	2431	1453	98	66	834	5.3	2.82	1.2	2.76	2.12	1.78	Robert J. Eustice	Byron , MN
DE-SU MOGUL 2436-ET	MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET	2431	1397	88	52	769	4.1	2.7	-0.8	3.83	2.78	3.83	De Su Holsteins LLC	New Albin , IA
APPEALING UNO KASSIDY-ET	AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET	2430	874	78	45	818	5.9	2.59	2	2.9	3	2.21	S. Scott & April D. Cooper	Delta , PA
CALORI-D CS UNO SENORITA-ET	AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET	2429	762	83	38	755	6.1	2.61	0.4	3.95	2.9	3.46	Calori-D Holsteins	Denair , CA
OCD SUPERSIRE ACE-ET	SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET	2428	1769	97	72	770	3.9	3.01	0.9	2.7	2.49	1.94	Oakfield Corners Dairy	Oakfield , NY
WA-DEL MOGUL BONITA-ET	MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET	2427	1522	53	50	764	6	2.71	1.5	3.36	2.3	3.34	Rick L. Wadel	Shippensburg , PA
LADYS-MANOR UNO DESTIN-ET	AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET	2425	2101	91	67	794	4.9	2.74	-0.4	3.33	2.37	2.45	Ladys Manor LLC	Monkton , MD
THREE-STAR LEXOR CITRUS-ET	GENERVATIONS LEXOR	2425	1664	69	66	741	4	2.86	1.3	3.25	2.05	2.92	Jeffrey & Korinna Rohde	Grey Eagle , MN
HY-JO-DE MOGUL LIZZY-ET	MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET	2424	2131	93	68	820	4.4	2.74	0.1	2.38	2.35	2.51	Joel F. Gerke	Bangor , WI
MS BOYANA DADDY BLAZE	RONELEE SSI O DADDY-ET	2423	1691	55	50	725	6.1	2.76	0.8	3.92	3.45	2.94	Select Genetics of Indiana LLC	Crown Point , IN
S-S-I COSMO TABATHA 8548-ET	TEXEL BEAUTY COSMO-ET	2423	1259	77	48	770	5.6	2.58	0.6	3.24	2.1	3.4	Select Sires Inc.	Plain City , OH
T-GEN-AC LAYNE RUSSIA-ET	KELLERCREST SUPER LAYNE-ET	2421	1727	63	56	845	6.9	2.55	1.8	2.5	1.45	2.12	Tim Clark	Brownsburg-Chatham , IA
BUSH-BROS MOGUL 4535-ET	MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET	2420	978	78	47	859	6	2.53	1.1	2.24	2.79	2.96	David Leroy & Bradley Nosbush	Fairfax , MN
BRANDVALE MOGUL 4780	MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET	2417	1096	59	40	840	6.5	2.64	2.5	2.61	2.58	2.83	Steven A. Brand	Ellsworth , WI
KERNDTWAY MCCUTCHEN DAYO-ET	DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET	2415	1964	70	61	726	5.3	2.83	0.4	3.45	2.62	2.52	Mark W. Kerndt	Waukon , IA
DE-SU MCCUTCHEN 2433-ET	DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET	2415	670	69	57	710	4	2.81	1.5	3.42	2.43	2.79	De Su Holsteins LLC	New Albin , IA
CO-OP MOGUL SYDNEY 6894-ET	MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET	2414	1375	90	48	894	6.5	2.51	0.6	2.37	2.35	2.38	Genesis Cooperative Herd	Shawano , WI
CO-OP PETRONE SUNNY 6869	WELCOME SUPER PETRONE-ET	2413	2439	59	64	888	6.9	2.48	1.4	2.12	1.5	1.89	Genesis Cooperative Herd	Shawano , WI
FURNACE-HILL MGL ZUMBA-ET	MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET	2412	670	75	45	783	5.1	2.76	2.4	2.88	2.87	2.58	Joel Krall & Tim Crouse	Lebanon , PA
WOODCREST SUPER YELLOW	SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET	2409	2063	80	60	816	6.4	2.92	1.3	2.78	1.79	2.52	Woodcrest Dairy LLC	Lisbon , NY
DE-SU CASUAL 2400-ET	LARCREST CASUAL-ET	2409	2407	84	74	842	6	2.76	1	2.35	1	1.52	De Su Holsteins LLC	New Albin , IA
EDG RUBY UNO REESE	AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET	2408	1166	85	45	814	6.3	2.66	1.1	2.92	2.35	2.47	Elite Dairy Genomics LLC	Chebanse , IL
WOODCREST MCCUTCHEN LEAH-ET	DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET	2408	1611	76	58	788	5.6	2.81	0.8	2.78	2.34	2.53	Woodcrest Dairy LLC	Lisbon , NY
END-ROAD MCCUTCHEN BLANC-ET	DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET	2406	1433	63	54	694	4.7	2.83	0.4	3.74	2.39	3.59	Duane & Janet Molhoek	Falmouth , MI
OCD SUPERSIRE EMBARK-ET	SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET	2406	2195	92	70	914	6.8	2.64	0.3	1.91	1.74	1.21	Oakfield Corners Dairy	Oakfield , NY
MATT-DARI MIXER PLUM-ET	MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MIXER-ET	2406	1498	77	72	712	3.3	2.6	0.3	2.84	3	2.33	Matthiae Dairy Farm Inc.	Marathon , WI
DE-SU ODADDY 2447-ET	RONELEE SSI O DADDY-ET	2404	1407	68	60	776	6.2	2.65	0.3	3.38	1.8	2.5	De Su Holsteins LLC	New Albin , IA
OCD MCCUTCHEN BANKOK-ET	DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET	2404	1520	70	55	718	4.2	2.66	-0.4	3.65	2.77	3.22	Oakfield Corners Dairy	Oakfield , NY
KERNDTWAY PETRONE DELTA-ET	WELCOME SUPER PETRONE-ET	2403	1170	44	38	755	6.6	2.48	2.3	3.5	1.94	2.94	Mark W. Kerndt	Waukon , IA
SIEMERS SHAMROCK DANA-GAL	LADYS-MANOR PL SHAMROCK-ET	2402	1528	81	47	837	6.3	2.5	0.2	2.86	2.39	2.48	Siemers Holstein Farms Inc.	Newton , WI
NO-FLA YANO TRINY 34377	CO-OP UPD PLANET YANO-ET	2401	1989	72	63	856	5.9	2.74	1.2	2.38	2.05	2	North Florida Holsteins	Bell , FL
S-S-I SPRSIRE MISTY 8684-ET	SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET	2400	2166	81	60	741	5.4	2.75	-0.6	3.79	2.65	2.29	Select Sires Inc.	Plain City , OH
EDG HALLIE MAY HAPPY	DE-SU D MAYFIELD 893-ET	2400	1594	67	57	728	5.1	2.75	0.3	3.59	2.63	2.77	Elite Dairy Genomics LLC	Chebanse , IL
RI-VAL-RE MCCTCHN DASANI-ET	DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET	2399	1609	77	57	681	3.9	2.98	0	3.92	2.51	3.33	Aaron Jorgensen	Webberville , MI
S-S-I CLARTA MERYL 8545-ET		2399	1523	83	70	793	4.7	2.66	0.9	2.43	2.25	1.73	Select Sires Inc.	Plain City , OH
SANDY-VALLEY MGL BISCUIT-ET	MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET	2399	1856	51	55	686	4.4	2.79	1.1	3.46	2.94	3.36	Dave Pat Frank Jr. & Greg B	Stevens Point , WI
WILRA UNO 494-ET	AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET	2398	1369	92	45	831	6.1	2.6	1.1	2.92	1.22	2.63	Wilra Farms Inc.	Nashville , IL
WOODCREST MOGUL POPPER-ET	MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET	2397	609	64	36	796	6.3	2.67	1.7	3.2	2.45	3.29	Woodcrest Dairy LLC	Lisbon , NY
SANDY-VALLEY LAY ABERLYN-ET	KELLERCREST SUPER LAYNE-ET	2397	1853	41	48	803	6.8	2.59	2.5	2.68	2.06	2.83	Dave Pat Frank Jr. & Greg B	Stevens Point , WI
VINBERT UNO MIDGET	AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET	2394	1521	90	60	776	5.2	2.68	-0.2	2.96	2.59	2.47	Trans-America Genetics	St-Hyacinthe , QC
DEBOER O COSMO TALITHA	O-COSMOPOLITAN-ET	2394	811	60	39	741	6	2.68	2.1	3.5	1.94	2.96	Brad DeBoer	Corona , SD
N-SPRINGHOPE MOGUL MIRTH-ET	MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET	2394	815	88	34	817	6.1	2.57	0.4	2.8	3.73	2.91	J Kevin & Barbara Nedrow	Clifton Springs , NY
KELLERCREST PARA CARMAX-ET	REGANCREST PARADISE-ET	2394	824	53	39	716	5.3	2.53	1.2	3.56	2.68	3.57	Kellercrest Reg. Hol. Inc.	Mount Horeb , WI
END-ROAD MCCUTCHEN BABA-ET	DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET	2393	186	59	27	760	6.4	2.7	2.8	3.24	2.89	3.22	Duane & Janet Molhoek	Falmouth , MI
COMYN-PBCD PET DLT 170F	WELCOME SUPER PETRONE-ET	2392	1292	39	35	819	8.6	2.73	3.8	2.71	1.71	2.67	Patrick Comyn	Madison , VA
DE-SU SUDAN 2402-ET	VA-EARLY-DAWN SUDAN CRI-ET	2392	1429	103	52	853	6.2	2.85	0.8	2.57	1.56	2.02	De Su Holsteins LLC	New Albin , IA
RICKLAND NUMERO UNO 4403-ET	AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET	2390	1135	77	43	765	5.9	2.7	1.5	2.93	2.29	2.74	Greg Rickert	Eldorado , WI
PLAIN-KNOLL HILL WINSLET	LOTTA-HILL SHOTTLE 41-ET	2389	1719	61	50	829	7.1	2.64	1.7	2.54	1.83	2.64	Buschur Dairy Farms Inc.	New Weston , OH
DE-SU LITHIUM 2441-ET	S-S-I DOMAIN LITHIUM-ET	2388	1300	47	45	744	6.5	2.69	2.1	3.05	2.5	2.75	Darin Meyer	New Albin , IA
EDG BRYSHA MOGUL BEE	MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET	2388	1416	52	48	780	6.2	2.61	1.5	3.03	2.5	2.77	Elite Dairy Genomics LLC	Chebanse , IL
TWIN-SPRUCE CHANA-ET	MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET	2388	1345	87	51	695	3	2.78	-0.4	3.59	2.85	3.78	Chad Felten	Rose Creek , MN
FARNEAR ELLIE EVELYN-ET	S-S-I DOMAIN LITHIUM-ET	2387	1646	47	50	743	6.2	2.67	2.2	3.07	2.8	2.46	Rick & Tom Simon	Farley , IA
N-SPRINGHOPE PETRON SARI-ET	WELCOME SUPER PETRONE-ET	2387	1239	71	45	802	6	2.59	1.8	2.84	1.98	2.25	J Kevin & Barbara Nedrow	Clifton Springs , NY
REGANCREST ODADDY 7276-ET	RONELEE SSI O DADDY-ET	2386	1518	39	40	734	6.6	2.68	1.4	3.49	3.01	3.7	Regancrest Farms	Waukon , IA
FARNEAR-TBR-BH MARNI-ET	AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET	2385	1123	55	42	743	7	2.59	1.6	3.16	2.16	3.14	T R & M Simon B & T Rauen &	Farley , IA
S-S-I MORGAN SHALYN 8673-ET	S-S-I BOOKEM MORGAN-ET	2385	1175	66	45	825	7.3	2.65	0.9	2.94	1.87	2.61	Select Sires Inc.	Plain City , OH
TWIN-SPRUCE CILO	AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET	2384	1299	86	49	750	4.9	2.56	0.5	3.01	3	2.46	Chad Felten	Rose Creek , MN
REGANCREST MCCUTCHN 7249-ET	DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET	2384	1309	61	47	663	3.9	2.69	0.7	3.59	3.29	3.5	Regancrest Farms	Waukon , IA
DE-SU DEAN 2423-ET	RONELEE SUPER DEAN-ET	2384	1973	56	61	743	5.1	2.63	0.3	3.26	2.01	3.04	De Su Holsteins LLC	New Albin , IA
EDG GLISTEN A GLICE	HUNSBERGER ALCHEMY-ET	2384	1413	36	58	726	6.3	2.52	1.5	2.77	1.92	2.96	Elite Dairy Genomics LLC	Chebanse , IL
MS DONNALYN DONEEN-ET	UFM-DUBS-I SHREWD	2383	1668	72	48	744	5.8	2.75	1.2	3.59	1.78	2.73	Trans-America Genetics	Oakdale , CA
RICKLAND SUPERSIRE 4469-ET	SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET	2383	1677	87	66	770	4.6	2.76	-0.2	2.86	2	2.19	Rickert Brothers LLC	Eldorado , WI
OCD SUPERSIRE APPLE-ET	SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET	2382	1321	82	47	706	4.4	2.6	-0.6	3.86	2.77	3.12	Oakfield Corners Dairy	Oakfield , NY
WCD-ZBW SUPERSIRE LALA-ET	SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET	2382	1806	69	62	777	5.8	2.58	-0.1	2.72	2.17	2.33	Kevin & Barbara Ziemba & Woodc	Lisbon , NY
CO-OP MOGUL SYDNEY 6891-ET	MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET	2382	1104	90	47	802	4.9	2.71	0.2	2.73	2.15	3.32	Genesis Cooperative Herd	Shawano , WI
DE-SU EPIC 2390-ET	GENERVATIONS EPIC	2382	1292	70	41	813	6	2.64	2.8	2.39	2.47	1.92	De Su Holsteins LLC	New Albin , IA
JOLICAP DELIGENT WIA-ET	RONELEE DORCY DELIGENT-ET	2380	1000	58	39	733	6	2.64	0.7	3.53	2.3	3.77	Ferme Jolicap Inc	Cap St Ignace PQ , CA
TWIN-SPRUCE CAPPY-ET	AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET	2380	649	78	42	717	4.7	2.56	0.3	3.55	3.03	3.18	Chad Felten	Rose Creek , MN
WOODCREST LAYNE LAZY-ET	KELLERCREST SUPER LAYNE-ET	2378	1766	47	48	738	6.5	2.62	1.5	3.16	1.96	2.95	Woodcrest Dairy LLC	Lisbon , NY
WOODCREST UNO ADELE-ET	AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET	2378	1688	75	52	770	5.5	2.78	2	2.59	2.6	1.9	Samuel R Potter	Union Springs , NY
ZIMMERVIEW KRNCH BRIELLE-ET	HAMMER-CREEK FRED KRUNCH-ET	2378	835	66	35	778	6.6	2.7	1.3	3.28	2.23	3.49	Dean E. & Brent E. Zimmer	Marietta , OH
FARNEAR MCMORMAN MARCIE-ET	MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET	2377	1350	63	45	714	5.6	2.79	0.6	3.61	2.5	3.48	Rick & Tom Simon	Farley , IA
REGANCREST MCCUTCHN 7262-ET	DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET	2377	827	59	38	651	4.5	2.74	0.5	3.82	4.24	3.52	Regancrest Farms	Waukon , IA
NO-FLA ECOYNE ISY 34455-ET	ECOYNE ISY	2377	1146	53	46	838	7.8	2.77	2.4	2.39	1.86	2.44	North Florida Holsteins	Bell , FL
OCD KRUNCH MASQUERADE-ET	HAMMER-CREEK FRED KRUNCH-ET	2375	1763	59	54	741	6.1	2.79	0.4	3.08	2.39	3.38	Oakfield Corners Dairy	Oakfield , NY
MS EMILY ECSTASY-ET	DE-SU RANSOM-ET	2375	826	90	37	844	6.9	2.68	2	2.05	2.9	1.63	Trans-America Genetics	St-Hyacinthe QC , CA
BREMER LARGE COMEDY-ET	GLEN-TOCTIN SUPER LARGE-ET	2374	1418	59	43	674	5	2.7	1.3	3.71	2.49	3.18	Ferdi Seeuws	Sheldon , WI
ZIMMERVIEW SUPRSRE BELL-ET	SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET	2373	1898	84	66	685	3.7	2.98	-0.3	3.53	2.21	2.6	Dean E. & Brent E. Zimmer	Marietta , OH
LACTOMONT LOCASS SARGEANT-ET	SEAGULL-BAY SARGEANT-ET	2372	1338	57	60	662	3.8	2.65	0.3	3.51	2.99	3	Trans-America Genetics	St-Hyacinthe , QC
COOK-FARM UNO HAIZE	AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET	2371	1231	54	45	678	5.2	2.67	1	3.6	2.55	3.33	Gordon Jr. & Gordon Cook III	Hadley , MA
WELCOME SHAN WINFREY-ET	LADYS-MANOR MAN-O-SHAN-ET	2370	1149	79	56	678	3.8	2.81	-0.2	3.73	2.56	2.86	Welcome Stock Farm LLC	Schuylerville , NY
WOODCREST MCCUTCHN LINNY-ET	DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET	2369	1102	67	46	703	4.7	2.79	0.1	3.36	2.46	3.52	Woodcrest Dairy LLC	Lisbon , NY
EILDON-TWEED CHARISMA-ET	LADYS-MANOR RD GRAFEETI-ET	2369	1525	80	60	772	4.3	2.92	1.4	2.35	2.19	2.23	David R. Wood	Amsterdam , NY
TJR MOGUL DINAMITE	MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET	2369	1447	71	50	725	4.5	2.69	-0.2	3.22	2.54	3.41	TJR Genetics	Farley , IA
KELLERCREST PARA CARRIE-ET	REGANCREST PARADISE-ET	2369	1691	73	62	700	3.8	2.61	-0.2	3.2	1.97	3.2	Kellercrest Reg. Hol. Inc.	Mount Horeb , WI
HY-JO-DE MOGUL LIZ-ET	MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET	2369	1784	71	55	745	4.4	2.83	1	2.68	2.82	2.84	Joel F. Gerke	Bangor , WI
CO-OP CALICO LULITA 6868-ET	BRANDT-VIEW CALICO-ET	2368	1627	53	65	739	4.9	2.59	1	2.4	2.39	2.44	Genesis Cooperative Herd	Shawano , WI
GRANSKOG-ACRES JABBER-ET	SHEMA JEEVES CAMERON-ET	2367	984	58	33	782	7	2.57	1.9	3.03	2.63	2.47	David P. Granskog	Stephenson , MI
DE-SU MOGUL 2393-ET	MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET	2367	1582	72	52	742	4.4	2.75	0.5	2.87	2.43	3.22	De Su Holsteins LLC	New Albin , IA
SANDY-VALLEY MOGUL AMY-ET	MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET	2367	1603	72	46	757	5	2.68	0.9	2.87	2.65	2.97	Dave Pat Frank Jr. & Greg B	Stevens Point , WI
NO-FLA MAURICE 34451-ET	MOUNTFIELD MSY MAURICE-ET	2366	1489	84	55	799	4.3	2.58	1.3	2.25	2.09	2.18	North Florida Holsteins	Bell , FL
GEPAQUETTE MAYFIELD RAVIBESSE	DE-SU D MAYFIELD 893-ET	2366	1261	66	52	758	5.3	2.69	1.3	2.86	2.39	2.42	Trans-America Genetics	St-Hyacinthe , QC
MS BOYANA DADDY BAARA	RONELEE SSI O DADDY-ET	2366	1486	26	49	615	5.5	2.74	1.2	4.01	3.23	3.29	Select Genetics of Indiana LLC	Crown Point , IN
WARGO-DANHOF OLIVIA RAE-ET	GENERVATIONS EPIC	2363	1377	59	56	650	3.8	2.75	1.1	3.52	2.66	2.79	Wargo Acres & Jason & Sheri Da	Lodi , WI
WILRA UNO 487-ET	AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET	2362	1050	59	41	807	7.2	2.57	1.9	2.76	2.08	2.3	Wilra Farms Inc.	Nashville , IL
CO-OP SUSTAN LAGOON 6901-ET	GIL-GAR ALTASUSTAIN-ET	2362	1201	49	40	689	5	2.71	1.7	3.46	3.11	3.2	Genesis Cooperative Herd	Shawano , WI
FARNEAR DAY DELORIS-ET	SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET	2361	1957	71	48	759	6.1	2.66	0.6	2.8	2.23	2.61	Rick & Tom Simon	Farley , IA
DANHOF M ANGELIC-ET	MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET	2361	1067	69	45	719	5	2.78	0.2	3.41	3.47	2.97	Jason & Sheri Danhof	Waukon , IA
NO-FLA EPIC DEJAH 34398-ET	GENERVATIONS EPIC	2360	1415	51	49	814	6.3	2.47	2.1	2.24	1.83	2.3	North Florida Holsteins	Bell , FL
EDG HALLIE MAY HALLY	DE-SU D MAYFIELD 893-ET	2359	1917	54	55	655	4.9	2.91	0.2	3.9	1.83	3.35	Elite Dairy Genomics LLC	Chebanse , IL
EDG BRYSHA COSMO BRINA	O-COSMOPOLITAN-ET	2358	821	83	50	771	5.1	2.71	0.6	2.78	1.86	2.52	Elite Dairy Genomics LLC	Chebanse , IL
MORMANN AGENT 001-ET	AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET	2358	1949	74	64	714	4.6	2.74	-0.2	2.97	2.89	2.35	Bryhill Farm Inc	Ormstown PQ , IA
RICKLAND MCCUTCHEN 4415-ET	DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET	2358	1600	50	57	657	4.8	2.78	0.4	3.51	3.13	2.83	Rickert Brothers LLC	Eldorado , WI
WCD-ZBW SUPERSIRE LINDA-ET	SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET	2357	1864	97	72	695	2.5	2.8	-0.4	2.92	2.1	2.11	Kevin & Barbara Ziemba & Woodc	Lisbon , NY
WOODCREST MAYFLD FINIKY-ET	DE-SU D MAYFIELD 893-ET	2356	1398	61	45	789	6	2.61	2	2.42	2.18	2.57	Woodcrest Dairy LLC	Lisbon , NY
NO-FLA MAURICE 34386-ET	MOUNTFIELD MSY MAURICE-ET	2355	1552	69	55	853	6.3	2.6	2	1.65	2.2	1.39	North Florida Holsteins	Bell , FL
SPEEK-NJ KELLY CLARKSON-ET	MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET	2355	2014	81	63	766	4.9	2.71	-0.4	2.89	1.82	2.4	Neil McDonah	Trempealeau , WI
AMMON FARMS SSR MOONSTAR-ET	SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET	2355	1667	93	63	740	4.3	2.83	-0.6	2.84	2.02	2.39	Michael & Jill Ammon	Lewistown , PA
CHARTROISE UNO MACEY-ET	AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET	2355	1647	99	60	749	3.8	2.76	0	2.72	2.2	2.28	Select Genetics LLC	Manitowoc , WI
REGANCREST MCCUTCHN 7252-ET	DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET	2354	1528	56	43	614	3.6	2.76	0.5	3.97	3.1	3.65	Regancrest Farms	Waukon , IA
FURNACE-HILL MGL ZEXY-ET	MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET	2354	995	51	49	718	4.8	2.69	1.6	2.84	3.02	2.85	Joel Krall & Tim Crouse	Lebanon , PA
WCD-ZBW SUPERSIRE LACE-ET	SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET	2353	1859	79	64	721	4	2.71	0.3	2.76	1.23	2.63	Kevin & Barbara Ziemba & Woodc	Lisbon , NY
CANGEN UNO 5453	AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET	2353	1485	76	45	730	6	2.8	1.2	3.11	2.5	2.15	Trans-America Genetics	St-Hyacinthe , QC
WEIGELINE DEAN 2171-ET	RONELEE SUPER DEAN-ET	2353	1635	67	49	796	6.3	2.73	2.6	2.35	1.38	1.92	Dan Weigel	Richland , MI
WEIGELINE SUPERSONC 2174-ET	MISTY SPRINGS SUPERSONIC	2353	967	76	43	894	7.7	2.73	2.7	1.82	1.12	1.84	Dan Weigel	Richland , MI
BUTZ-HILL MAYFIELD MARIAH	DE-SU D MAYFIELD 893-ET	2353	990	60	45	653	3.7	2.62	0.8	3.66	2.38	3.17	Mark Butz	Mount Vernon , IA
SPEEK-NJ CHELSEA HANDLER-ET	DE-SU D MAYFIELD 893-ET	2352	1932	91	70	718	3.7	2.86	-0.6	3.28	1.3	2.23	Neil McDonah	Trempealeau , WI
MATCREST LEX CHARMING-ET	GENERVATIONS LEXOR	2352	1125	89	57	710	3.2	2.74	-0.4	3.16	2.5	2.87	Matthew R. Johnson	Baldwin , WI
DE-SU ODADDY 2394-ET	RONELEE SSI O DADDY-ET	2352	1792	67	62	797	6.4	2.73	1.1	2.28	1.16	2.07	De Su Holsteins LLC	New Albin , IA
RONLAND EPIC JANELLE-ET	GENERVATIONS EPIC	2352	2432	74	69	739	3.9	2.75	0.5	2.75	2.47	1.61	Ronald Hackmann	Manitowoc , WI
T-SPRUCE MOGUL 7260-ET	MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET	2352	1830	53	59	753	6	2.71	0.3	2.95	2.15	2.6	Arnold B. Gruenes	Richmond , MN
S-S-I SUPRSIRE MORA 8676-ET	SEAGULL-BAY SUPERSIRE-ET	2352	2264	85	60	802	6.3	2.73	0.3	2.76	1.26	1.65	Select Sires Inc.	Plain City , OH
DE-SU ODADDY 2392-ET	RONELEE SSI O DADDY-ET	2351	1829	57	42	793	7.2	2.51	0.7	2.98	1.76	2.79	De Su Holsteins LLC	New Albin , IA
MORMANN AQUA 2148-ET	S-S-I DOMAIN LITHIUM-ET	2351	1199	47	51	743	6.2	2.66	1.7	2.75	2.35	2.79	Jennifer Mormann	Farley , IA
VISION-GEN AIRNET AL14319	AIR-OSA-EXEL ALTAAIRNET-ET	2348	1543	69	57	742	5.3	2.74	1.5	2.52	1.76	2.12	VISION GENETICS	Mount Joy , PA
EDG GLISTEN UNO GARTH	AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET	2348	1213	68	45	728	5.6	2.71	1.1	2.66	2.2	2.96	Elite Dairy Genomics LLC	Chebanse , IL
WOODCREST MCCTCHN LOONEY-ET	DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET	2348	338	58	27	705	5.7	2.6	1.3	3.17	2.91	3.57	Woodcrest Dairy LLC	Lisbon , NY
GOLD-N-OAKS U SOLSTA2559-ET	AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET	2347	1069	88	43	728	4.9	2.73	1.5	3.05	1.47	2.55	John & Judy Swenson	Barneveld , WI
EDG GLISTEN MERID GAFNA-ET	SULLY HART MERIDIAN-ET	2347	1750	68	67	623	3	2.89	-0.1	3.52	2.06	2.95	Elite Dairy Genomics LLC	Chebanse , IL
SPRUCE-HAVEN NUMERO UNO 14300	AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET	2346	661	66	30	761	5.7	2.57	2.2	3.2	2.29	2.79	VISION GENETICS	Mount Joy , PA
KERNDTWAY MCCUTCHEN DUCE-ET	DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET	2346	1769	63	53	627	3.6	2.7	-0.3	3.94	2.74	3.08	Mark W. Kerndt	Waukon , IA
OCD KRUNCH MANIFEST-ET	HAMMER-CREEK FRED KRUNCH-ET	2345	1481	47	45	730	6.6	2.72	1.1	3	2.3	3.25	Oakfield Corners Dairy	Oakfield , NY
SPRUCE-HAVEN MOG MI14320-ET	MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET	2343	1591	60	45	676	4.1	2.66	1.2	3.14	3.49	2.7	Doug Young & James Nocek	Union Springs , NY
GLEN-VALLEY UNO SCARF-ET	AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET	2342	737	71	46	722	4.9	2.59	0.8	2.88	2.97	2.58	Scott M. Umble	Atglen , PA
JOLICAP DELIGENT WIANA-ET	RONELEE DORCY DELIGENT-ET	2342	1045	38	47	658	4.7	2.65	0.7	3.94	2.33	3.61	Ferme Jolicap Inc	Cap St Ignace PQ , CA
SAR-JAS UNO SPECKLE-ET	AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET	2342	787	56	35	645	4.7	2.8	1.9	3.66	3.25	3.19	Jason Menne	West Union , IA
VATLAND MCCUTCHEN LANA 3745	DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET	2341	1586	83	50	708	4	2.74	-0.1	3.01	2.17	3	Josh Vatland	Caledonia , MN
GRANSKOG-ACRES JORDAN-ET	SHEMA JEEVES CAMERON-ET	2341	924	48	25	742	7.6	2.6	1.8	3.38	2.3	3.26	David P. Granskog	Stephenson , MI
DE-SU MOGUL 2413-ET	MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET	2341	1216	73	39	779	5.6	2.64	1.4	2.45	2.79	2.49	De Su Holsteins LLC	New Albin , IA
PLAIN-KNOLL PARISH DANCE	PLAIN-KNOLL PARISH 5534-ET	2341	1316	81	53	839	6.4	2.62	1	2.2	1.31	1.83	Buschur Dairy Farms Inc.	New Weston , OH
HY-JO-DE UNO LUCILLA-ET	AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET	2341	1277	89	49	764	4.8	2.6	-0.3	3.04	2.67	2.4	Joel F. Gerke	Bangor , WI
KHW MOGUL AKAHANNA-ET	MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET	2340	217	77	38	751	4.5	2.7	1.5	2.93	3.09	2.63	High Altitude Syndicate	Platteville , WI
SIEMERS MOGUL APPLE-STAR-ET	MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET	2340	943	86	40	623	3	2.76	-0.6	4.15	3.54	3.34	Siemers Holstein Farms Inc.	Newton , WI
SANDY-VALLEY MOGL BASKET-ET	MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET	2340	2047	55	54	674	4.8	2.86	0.8	3.33	2.32	2.91	Dave Pat Frank Jr. & Greg B	Stevens Point , WI
CAPS MAIRY 25	GENERVATIONS EPIC	2339	1589	30	49	657	4.9	2.58	0.9	3.43	3.02	3.03	Eurogenes	Fair Play , MD
T-SPRUCE MOGUL 7272-ET	MOUNTFIELD SSI DCY MOGUL-ET	2339	1667	71	58	715	4.8	2.89	0.3	3.09	2.27	2.71	Arnold B. Gruenes	Richmond , MN
NO-FLA MAURICE 34371-ET	MOUNTFIELD MSY MAURICE-ET	2338	1180	76	49	837	5.6	2.47	0.9	1.89	1.78	2.48	North Florida Holsteins	Bell , FL
RI-VAL-RE MCCTCHN OREGON-ET	DE-SU BKM MCCUTCHEN 1174-ET	2337	1570	54	61	607	3.4	3.04	1.1	3.56	2.1	3.17	Aaron Jorgensen	Webberville , MI
LUDWIGS-DG NUMBERO LUCY-ET	AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO-ET	2337	624	89	40	735	5.2	2.76	1.4	3.09	2.63	2.14	D. Ludwig Farms LLC	Fithian , IL

* BEI (Bullvine Efficiency Index) – each sire’s ranking is as a percent of the top sire

This group of sires is high for efficiency but slightly more spread out than the sires in Table 1. They are very high for fat yield, daughter fertility and herd life. Breeders that used Divinci will be pleased to see him heading this list but there are many other top all around sires. Divinci, Mucho, Blasito and Topsy are all sons of the high indexing dam, De-Su 199. AltaBettman and Toolshop are full brothers.

Next Proven Sires

Table 3 contains sires that will receive their daughter proofs over the next year or so.

Name	Class	Score	Sire Name	Owner(s)
CRAGGAN GOLDWYN ZING	VG	88	BRAEDALE GOLDWYN	WESTCOAST HOLSTEINS, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 316-2622
JOLIBOIS NANCY SANCHEZ	VG	88	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	FERME ROLANDALE ENR, ST. FLAVIEN, PQ, (418) 728-4864
BELFAST ATWOOD SALLY	VG	87	MAPLE-DOWNS-I G W ATWOOD	VINCENT & JEAN-PHILIP CHABOT, ST. PATRICE BEAURIVAGE, PQ, (418) 596-2230
BONNIE BRAE PROSPECT DEVIN	VG	87	BONNIE BRAE PROSPECT	BRUCE & SUSAN MODE, VANKLEEK HILL, ON, (613) 678-3890
BRABANTDALE SHOTTLE INVITE	VG	87	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	BRABANTDALE FARMS LTD, NAVAN, ON, (613) 791-0155
CALBRETT MANOMAN ESTER	VG	87	LONG-LANGS OMAN OMAN-ET	BOLDI INC, VARS, ON, (613) 443-9072
CHERRY CREST ATWOOD COURAGE	VG	87	MAPLE-DOWNS-I G W ATWOOD	GOLDENDALE FARM, LANSDOWNE, ON, (613) 659-2365
COMESTAR LAUTAMAI MAN O MAN	VG	87	LONG-LANGS OMAN OMAN-ET	MAPEL WOOD FARMS, JERSEYVILLE, ON, (905) 648-3213
DESPERLE SABINE LOU	VG	87	JENNY-LOU MARSHALL P149-ET	FERME LAPERLE ENRG, COATICOOK, PQ, (819) 849-3914
DESPERLE SHYLA DUPLEX	VG	87	MESLAND DUPLEX-ET	FERME LAPERLE ENRG, COATICOOK, PQ, (819) 849-3914
DON-MAIR GOLDWYN ANGELICA	VG	87	BRAEDALE GOLDWYN	DON-MAIR FARMS, MT. HOPE, ON, (905) 679-6210
DOUGAL LEA SHOTTLE DANISH	VG	87	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	DOUGAL LEA HOLSTEINS, SMITHVILLE, ON, (905) 643-2364
DROLIE DUPLEX BEEGEES	VG	87	MESLAND DUPLEX-ET	DAMESTAR HOLSTEIN, STE. CECILE DE LEVRARD, PQ, (819) 263-0221
EASTRIVER ATWOOD LIZA 974	VG	87	MAPLE-DOWNS-I G W ATWOOD	CHERRY CREST HOLSTEINS, MARTINTOWN, ON, (613) 528-4331
EHRHARDT LUSTR AW LAVENA-ET	VG	87	MAPLE-DOWNS-I G W ATWOOD	TONY DEVINCENZO, LONDON, ON, (519) 652-1565
ERBCREST ATWOOD MARIELLA	VG	87	MAPLE-DOWNS-I G W ATWOOD	ERBCREST FARM, MILVERTON, ON, (519) 656-2330
ERBCREST ATWOOD MARVELLA	VG	87	MAPLE-DOWNS-I G W ATWOOD	ERBCREST FARM, MILVERTON, ON, (519) 656-2330
FRUEH SCANDELOUS BOLTON	VG	87	SANDY-VALLEY BOLTON-ET	FRUEH FARMS LTD, DUNCAN, BC, (250) 709-1849
GEN-I-BEQ STERLING LENCY	VG	87	ARDROSS STERLING	GOULDHAVEN FARMS, FORESTERS FALLS, ON, (613) 646-7788
GILLETTE AFTERSHOCK 2ND WAVE	VG	87	MS ATLEES SHT AFTERSHOCK-ET	FERME GILLETTE INC, EMBRUN, ON, (613) 443-3132
GLENNHOLME SANCHEZ LACOSTE	VG	87	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	GLENNHOLME HOLSTEINS, CARP, ON, (613) 839-5254
HARVEST JASPER LIBERTY LIBBIE	VG	87	WILCOXVIEW JASPER-ET	RADAR HOLSTEINS, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 799-6376
JOLIBOIS LUCE SANCHEZ	VG	87	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	FERME ROLANDALE ENR, ST. FLAVIEN, PQ, (418) 728-4864
LACWILLIAM DUNDEE SAMANTHA	VG	87	REGANCREST DUNDEE-ET	FERME CLEMENT MARCOUX & FILS, ST. FERDINAND, PQ, (418) 428-9428
LAIDLAWN KNOWLEDGE GEMINI	VG	87	SICY KNOWLEDGE	DENNIS E. MARTIN, PALMERSTON, ON, (519) 338-5497
LINDENRIGHT AFTERSHOCK MYSTIC	VG	87	MS ATLEES SHT AFTERSHOCK-ET	CHERRY CREST HOLSTEINS, MARTINTOWN, ON, (613) 528-4331
LOOKOUT GOLDWYN CRYSTAL	VG	87	BRAEDALE GOLDWYN	LOOKOUT HOLSTEINS, CANTON DE HATLEY, PQ, (819) 842-3130
LYBA ATWOOD ABEL	VG	87	MAPLE-DOWNS-I G W ATWOOD	VYECROFT HOLSTEIN FARMS, ROSEDALE, BC, (604) 794-3035
NICREST PATRICK ACE MARIGOLD	VG	87	MAPLE-DOWNS-I G W ATWOOD	NICOLE PARKINSON, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 858-3498
PERCENEIGE GASTON FROSTY	VG	87	LAFOUGERE FINAL CUT GASTON	FERME LAFOUGERE INC, COMPTON, PQ, (819) 849-4449
PIERSTEIN SHOTTLE LILLIE	VG	87	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	STANHOPE DAIRY FARM LTD, VICTORIA, BC, (250) 652-3654
PROVETAZ FEVER TELLA	VG	87	CRACKHOLM FEVER	FERME JATON & GREMION ENRG, COMPTON, PQ, (819) 849-9456
PROVETAZ SHOTTLE BELINDA	VG	87	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	FERME OLIVAL INC, ST. DAMASE DE MATAPEDIA, PQ, (418) 776-2131
ROCKYMOUNTAIN ATWOOD ANABELLE	VG	87	MAPLE-DOWNS-I G W ATWOOD	J. WILLIAM WIKKERINK FARMS LTD, COBBLE HILL, BC, (250) 743-9276
RONDELAINE DPR AVALON SHAKIE	VG	87	FARNEAR-TBR ALTAAVALON-ET	FERME RONDELAINE INC, FORTIERVILLE, PQ, (819) 287-4640
SHEBS ATWD HALLEYS COMET-ET	VG	87	MAPLE-DOWNS-I G W ATWOOD	T & L CATTLE LTD, ROSEDALE, BC, (604) 794-7813
STONEDEN BAXTER CALLY	VG	87	EMERALD-ACR-SA T-BAXTER	STONEDEN HOLSTEINS, GANANOQUE, ON, (613) 382-7460
T-C-G GOLD RING-ET	VG	87	BRAEDALE GOLDWYN	WESTCOAST HOLSTEINS, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 316-2622
TOLAMIKA ROY MADELYN	VG	87	ROYLANE JORDAN-ET	T & L CATTLE LTD, ROSEDALE, BC, (604) 794-7813
VELLHAVEN ALI SHOTTLE STARTLE	VG	87	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	VELLHAVEN FARMS INC, SMITHVILLE, ON, (905) 957-6547
VELTHUIS SG MOM ALESIA	VG	87	LONG-LANGS OMAN OMAN-ET	BOLDI INC, VARS, ON, (613) 443-9072
WILLSWIKK ATWOOD JAYLENE	VG	87	MAPLE-DOWNS-I G W ATWOOD	J. WILLIAM WIKKERINK FARMS LTD, COBBLE HILL, BC, (250) 743-9276
ACCUEIL PROMAR VERONICA	VG	86	WINDY-KNOLL-VIEW PROMAR-ET	FERME L'ACCUEIL ENR, WOTTON, PQ, (819) 828-2014
AFT003 NIAGRA GOUDA	VG	86	RI-VAL-RE 2338 NIAGRA-ET	BRAEDALE HOLSTEINS, CUMBERLAND, ON, (613) 833-2157
ANDREANE AFTERSHOCK WINNIE	VG	86	MS ATLEES SHT AFTERSHOCK-ET	FERME ANDREANE INC, AYERS CLIFF, PQ, (819) 838-5912
ANDREANE DUPLEX ALASKA	VG	86	MESLAND DUPLEX-ET	FERME ANDREANE INC, AYERS CLIFF, PQ, (819) 838-5912
ANDREANE KNOWLEDGE NANNY	VG	86	SICY KNOWLEDGE	FERME ANDREANE INC, AYERS CLIFF, PQ, (819) 838-5912
BEAVER RAY TRUMP MICROBE	VG	86	JENNY-LOU SHOTTLE TRUMP-ET	REMI LEROUX, STE. ANNE DE PRESCOTT, ON, (613) 674-5355
BELDAVID SANCHEZ ANGELITA	VG	86	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	FERME M.C.F. INC, ST. DAVID, PQ, (819) 396-0774
BENCO CHEEKY SHOTTLE	VG	86	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	BENCO HOLSTEINS, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 794-7365
BLONDIN AFTERSHOCK CLARITY	VG	86	MS ATLEES SHT AFTERSHOCK-ET	BREEZE HILL HOLSTEINS, WINCHESTER, ON, (613) 821-3906
BLONDIN PICOLO SAFINA	VG	86	LA PRESENTATION PICOLO RED	CARLOS HERRERA, BOGOTA, ,
BLOSSOMDAIRY DEBONAIR DEECEE	VG	86	SCIENTIFIC DEBONAIR-RED-ETS	BLOSSOM DAIRY LTD, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 795-3556
BONNIE BRAE JASPER CORA ET	VG	86	WILCOXVIEW JASPER-ET	BRUCE & SUSAN MODE, VANKLEEK HILL, ON, (613) 678-3890
BOULET BAXTER CLOTY	VG	86	EMERALD-ACR-SA T-BAXTER	CLAUDE & JOHANNE MARTEL, LAURIERVILLE, PQ, (819) 365-4278
BRADNER CAMI CAMOSILE	VG	86	ELMBRIDGE CHEETAH	BRADNER FARMS, ABBOTSFORD, BC, (604) 856-8143
BRILEA SHAN GINGER	VG	86	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	BRILEA HOLSTEINS, COBDEN, ON, (613) 585-2393
BROWNDALE AARON QUALITY	VG	86	SMITHDEN AARON	BROWNDALE FARM, PARIS, ON, (519) 442-2918
BROWNDALE JADE	VG	86	SMITHDEN AARON	BROWNDALE FARM, PARIS, ON, (519) 442-2918
BULLSBROW ARDEN COLLETTE	VG	86	ALLYNDALE-I G W ARDEN	LOOKOUT HOLSTEINS, CANTON DE HATLEY, PQ, (819) 842-3130
BVK GOLDWYN ALASKA-ET	VG	86	BRAEDALE GOLDWYN	BRINKLAND DAIRY LTD, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 823-6390
CARLDOT REDESIGN MOUSE	VG	86	REGANCREST DESIGN-ET	CARLDOT FARMS, STRATFORD, ON, (519) 655-2817
CEDARWAL GERARD BABYDOLL	VG	86	SCHILLVIEW OMAN GERARD-ET	CEDARWAL FARMS LTD, ABBOTSFORD, BC, (604) 823-6327
CHERRY CREST AFTERSHOCK CLASH	VG	86	MS ATLEES SHT AFTERSHOCK-ET	FERME ROGGUA ENR, STANSTEAD, PQ, (819) 876-7659
CLEROLI LM EVOLVE DOLBY	VG	86	WABASH-WAY EVOLVE-ET	FERME GILLETTE INC, EMBRUN, ON, (613) 443-3132
CLOUDIS MARIE LOU	VG	86	JENNY-LOU MARSHALL P149-ET	DESFORTIER HOLSTEIN, VICTORIAVILLE, PQ, (819) 795-4040
CRACKHOLM LEGACY CARY	VG	86	ROCKYMOUNTAIN LEGACY	HODGDALE FARM INC, ULVERTON, PQ, (819) 826-1170
CRAIG FRONTRUNNER LAVA	VG	86	MORSAN FRONTRUNNER	JOCELYN BRETON, ST. PATRICE DE BEAURIVAGE, PQ, (418) 596-2738
CRAIG FRONTRUNNER LIME	VG	86	MORSAN FRONTRUNNER	JOCELYN BRETON, ST. PATRICE DE BEAURIVAGE, PQ, (418) 596-2738
DAMESTAR DUPLEX BARBIE GIRL	VG	86	MESLAND DUPLEX-ET	DAMESTAR HOLSTEIN, STE. CECILE DE LEVRARD, PQ, (819) 263-0221
DARIDELITE DAMION FRAULEIN	VG	86	ERBACRES DAMION	DARI DELITE FARM LTD, SICAMOUS, BC, (250) 836-4206
DARIDELITE LAWMAN CHICKITA	VG	86	COMESTAR LAWMAN	DARI DELITE FARM LTD, SICAMOUS, BC, (250) 836-4206
DECEBE LITTORAL TALINE	VG	86	COMESTAR LITTORAL	FERME DECEL INC, ST. LUDGER, PQ, (819) 548-5458
DEKEN HAPPIE DENZEL	VG	86	LA PRESENTATION DENZEL	DEKEN HOLSTEINS, AGASSIZ, BC, (604) 796-9603
DELABERGE OMAN OMAN REINE	VG	86	LONG-LANGS OMAN OMAN-ET	FERME BLONDIN, ST. PLACIDE, PQ, (450) 258-2904
DELCREEK MILLION RING ON IT	VG	86	ENGLAND-AMMON MILLION-ET	PETER RYLAARSDAM, WINCHESTER, ON, (613) 445-1565
DESPERLE BEATRICE DUPLEX	VG	86	MESLAND DUPLEX-ET	FERME LAPERLE ENRG, COATICOOK, PQ, (819) 849-3914
DESPERLE BONNIE DUPLEX	VG	86	MESLAND DUPLEX-ET	FERME LAPERLE ENRG, COATICOOK, PQ, (819) 849-3914
DESPERLE REINE SANCHEZ	VG	86	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	FERME LAPERLE ENRG, COATICOOK, PQ, (819) 849-3914
DU MOULIN SUPERSTITION SACCADE	VG	86	CHARLESDALE SUPERSTITION-ET	DU MOULIN HOLSTEIN, ST. SYLVESTRE, PQ, (418) 596-2986
EBYBROOK DRAKE JANITA	VG	86	FAR-O-LA DEBBIE-JO DRAKE-ET	EBYBROOK HOLSTEINS, LISTOWEL, ON, (519) 291-4696
ELMBRIDGE BAXTER DENA	VG	86	EMERALD-ACR-SA T-BAXTER	NICOLE PARKINSON, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 858-3498
ELMBRIDGE BOLTON CHOCOLATE	VG	86	SANDY-VALLEY BOLTON-ET	NICOLE PARKINSON, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 858-3498
ETEL MATHILA GOLDWYN	VG	86	BRAEDALE GOLDWYN	FERME ETEL HOLSTEIN, WOTTON, PQ, (819) 828-3270
ETEL TAM JONAH RED	VG	86	ERNEST-ANTHONY JONAH-RED-ET	FERME ETEL HOLSTEIN, WOTTON, PQ, (819) 828-3270
FEEDERLANE FBI ELEANOR	VG	86	GILLETTE BRILEA F B I	FEEDERLANE FARMS, WAINFLEET, ON, (905) 899-0538
FREUREHAVEN ALTAROSS LILLY	VG	86	BOSSIDE ALTAROSS-ET	FREUREHAVEN FARMS LTD, WELLANDPORT, ON, (905) 386-6433
FRUEH IRIS PROMOTION	VG	86	MR DERRY PROMOTION	FRUEH FARMS LTD, DUNCAN, BC, (250) 709-1849
GEN-I-BEQ MANOMAN BOMY	VG	86	LONG-LANGS OMAN OMAN-ET	SYNDICAT GEN-I-BEQ, ST. PATRICE, PQ, (418) 596-2230
GHIROUVI PROMAR POLIANGE	VG	86	WINDY-KNOLL-VIEW PROMAR-ET	GHISLAIN VIENS & GUYLAINE GIROUX, COMPTON, PQ, (819) 926-8003
GILLETTE EVOLVE 2ND HOPE	VG	86	WABASH-WAY EVOLVE-ET	FERME GILLETTE INC, EMBRUN, ON, (613) 443-3132
GLENNHOLME GOLDWYN BEANTOWN	VG	86	BRAEDALE GOLDWYN	GLENNHOLME HOLSTEINS, CARP, ON, (613) 839-5254
GOLDENSET BUTTON EASTON	VG	86	SANDY-VALLEY BOLTON-ET	CHRIS DEWITT, JR, SICAMOUS, BC, (250) 836-4271
HAMMING KNOWLEDGE ELLA	VG	86	SICY KNOWLEDGE	HAMMING HOLSTEINS LTD, VERNON, BC, (250) 545-7599
HOLYWELL T O SHIMMER	VG	86	RIETBEN TEE OFF	ERAMOSA FARMS, ROCKWOOD, ON, (519) 856-4715
HUIZTEIN SHOTTLE ALISON	VG	86	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	HUIZTEIN FARMS INC, WAINFLEET, ON, (905) 899-3557
HYLJON MANIFOLD STELLA	VG	86	MAINSTREAM MANIFOLD	JOHN E. HYLKEMA, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 792-6819
HYLLTOP BRILLIANT AFTERSHOCK	VG	86	MS ATLEES SHT AFTERSHOCK-ET	VELLENGA FARMS LTD, PARIS, ON, (519) 753-1522
IRENO BONAIR CHRISTINA	VG	86	KARONA BONAIR	FERME L. ROY INC, COATICOOK, PQ, (819) 849-7588
JOLIBOIS LUCETTE SANCHEZ	VG	86	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	FERME ROLANDALE ENR, ST. FLAVIEN, PQ, (418) 728-4864
JOLIBOIS LUCIOLE SANCHEZ	VG	86	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	FERME ROLANDALE ENR, ST. FLAVIEN, PQ, (418) 728-4864
KENMARANK STALLION ILA	VG	86	KERNDT STALLION	KENMARANK FARMS LTD, ABBOTSFORD, BC, (604) 853-1933
KYVIE GABE JUTEUSE	VG	86	COLDSPRINGS GABE-ET	KYVIE HOLSTEIN, ST. ANTOINE DE TILLY, PQ, (418) 886-2551
LA-DEE SANCHEZ BELLA	VG	86	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	PRINSE FARMS LTD, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 793-9490
LAFOUGERE FINAL CUT LASTRIA	VG	86	GILLETTE FINAL CUT	FERME LAFOUGERE INC, COMPTON, PQ, (819) 849-4449
LAKOTARAES ALICIA	VG	86	BKB AFFIRMED-ET	BRUCE HILL, NEPEAN, ON, (613) 838-2569
LILLIESDALE LARKIN LUCIE	VG	86	EMILANE LARKIN	LEO BAUMANN, LYN, ON, (613) 342-8919
LIMA BORA SANCHEZ	VG	86	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	FERME LIMA, STE. PERPETUE, PQ, (819) 336-6371
LOCHDALE AFTERSHOCK CALEY	VG	86	MS ATLEES SHT AFTERSHOCK-ET	DAVID J. MACMILLAN, ALEXANDRIA, ON, (613) 525-4968
LOLAN SANCHEZ BAILEY	VG	86	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	LOLAN HOLSTEINS, BRINSTON, ON, (613) 652-4915
LOOKOUT PICOLO JAYDEN	VG	86	LA PRESENTATION PICOLO RED	LOOKOUT HOLSTEINS, CANTON DE HATLEY, PQ, (819) 842-3130
MADIA SANCHEZ KISS	VG	86	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	FERME MADIA S.E.N.C, STE. SOPHIE DE LEVRARD, PQ, (819) 288-5896
MAPEL WOOD M O M LUCY	VG	86	LONG-LANGS OMAN OMAN-ET	MAPEL WOOD FARMS, JERSEYVILLE, ON, (905) 648-3213
MAPLE-AIN JASPER ISSY	VG	86	WILCOXVIEW JASPER-ET	MAPLE-AIN HOLSTEINS, SMITHS FALLS, ON, (613) 283-0063
MARTIANN RE DESIGN ANGIE 1228	VG	86	REGANCREST DESIGN-ET	MARTIN HAMMING, DELTA, BC, (604) 946-5921
MEADOW GREEN SOVEREIGN MEAGHEN	VG	86	STANHOPE SOVEREIGN	MEADOW GREEN FARMS LTD, DUNCAN, BC, (250) 746-4537
MERLHOLME GOLDWYN MARYLOU	VG	86	BRAEDALE GOLDWYN	SIGNATURE HOLSTEINS, MORRISBURG, ON, (613) 543-4461
MORSAN MISS UNDERSTOOD	VG	86	LONG-LANGS OMAN OMAN-ET	CEDARWAL FARMS LTD, ABBOTSFORD, BC, (604) 823-6327
MS ATLEES SHOT ALANA-ET	VG	86	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	IAN DINGWALL, CORNWALL, ON, (613) 932-3744
NICREST PATRICK ACE TIARA	VG	86	BRADNER DURANGO	NICOLE PARKINSON, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 858-3498
OMBRE DU CLOCHER BRIDGET	VG	86	LA PRESENTATION DENZEL	FERME OMBRE DU CLOCHER INC, STE. CECILE DE LEVRARD, PQ, (819) 263-2581
PROSPERE ALEXANDER FAITHFUL	VG	86	GOLDEN-OAKS ST ALEXANDER-ET	FERME PROSPERE INC, ORLEANS, ON, (613) 833-3394
PROVETAZ ARBOR AMICALE	VG	86	WABASH-WAY ARBOR-ET	FERME JATON & GREMION ENRG, COMPTON, PQ, (819) 849-9456
QUINNDALE TEAR IT UP ALEX	VG	86	GOLDEN-OAKS ST ALEXANDER-ET	QUINNDALE HOLSTEINS, GREELY, ON, (613) 821-1487
RAELAND DUPLEX BARBI	VG	86	MESLAND DUPLEX-ET	RAE STADDER, SELKIRK, ON, (905) 776-2122
RAYPIEN BRAWLER JOEUE	VG	86	GEN-I-BEQ BRAWLER	FERME R. THERRIEN & FILS INC, ST. SYLVESTRE, PQ, (418) 596-2965
RAYPIEN SANCHEZ FABRY	VG	86	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	FERME AGRIFORMA INC, ST. SYLVESTRE, PQ, (418) 596-2444
REGANCREST-BH S DAIRA-ET	VG	86	CHARLESDALE SUPERSTITION-ET	FERME DELESTRIE INC, MARBLETON, PQ, (819) 887-6301
RENADO MILLION ROUSPETTE	VG	86	ENGLAND-AMMON MILLION-ET	FERME RENADO, ST. ANTOINE DE TILLY, PQ, (418) 886-2987
RITER SECURE PISSENLIT	VG	86	CRACKHOLM SECURE RED	FERME RITER 2010 INC, ST. SYLVESTRE, PQ, (418) 596-2986
RIVERDOWN ATWOOD CASSIE	VG	86	MAPLE-DOWNS-I G W ATWOOD	RIVERDOWN HOLSTEINS, METCALFE, ON, (613) 821-3421
ROCKYMOUNTAIN MACK CAMARO RED	VG	86	ROCKYMOUNTAIN MACKINAW	ROCKYMOUNTAIN HOLSTEINS, COCHRANE, AB, (403) 932-3793
ROCKYMOUNTAIN SANCHEZ DOLLY	VG	86	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	BLACK FOREST FARM LTD, ARMSTRONG, BC, (250) 546-2015
RONDELAINE DPR OTTO SOURIS	VG	86	CROCKETT-ACRES OTTO-ET	FERME RONDELAINE INC, FORTIERVILLE, PQ, (819) 287-4640
ROSEVINE SANCHEZ DAISY	VG	86	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	ROSEVINE FARMS, BERWICK, ON, (613) 984-2017
ROUTINA SHOTTLE VICTORIA	VG	86	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	ROUTINA HOLSTEIN, COATICOOK, PQ, (819) 345-7116
ROYALTY DOLMAN KATHY	VG	86	REGANCREST DOLMAN-ET	ROCK-A-BERRY HOLSTEINS, SEELEYS BAY, ON, (613) 387-3174
RUPELEN PATTI ASHLYNN	VG	86	PIERSTEIN GOLDWYN PATTI	BRUCE & SUSAN MODE, VANKLEEK HILL, ON, (613) 678-3890
SANTSCHI ROSEPLEX GUILIANE	VG	86	MILIBRO DUPLEX ROSEPLEX	SANTSCHI HOLSTEIN INC, AYERS CLIFF, PQ, (819) 838-5469
SAUDER HOLME ABS SILVER RED	VG	86	APPLES ABSOLUTE-RED-ET	EBYBROOK HOLSTEINS, LISTOWEL, ON, (519) 291-4696
SAZIEMAZ BALTI KANOUK	VG	86	REGANCREST BALTIMOR-ET	PHILIPPE & LAURENCE GUTKNECHT, NEWINGTON, ON, (613) 984-2696
SHERONA HILL-HH RADIANT-ET	VG	86	REGANCREST BALTIMOR-ET	WESTCOAST HOLSTEINS, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 316-2622
SHYLANE SHOTTLE HUMBLE	VG	86	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	JOHN MCCALLUM, STRATFORD, ON, (519) 625-8069
SILVERMAPLE AFTERSHOCK CHRIS	VG	86	MS ATLEES SHT AFTERSHOCK-ET	BEN & SUZANNE CUTHBERT, LADYSMITH, BC, (250) 245-3299
SPRINGBEND AFTERSHOCK CALUA	VG	86	MS ATLEES SHT AFTERSHOCK-ET	T & L CATTLE LTD, ROSEDALE, BC, (604) 794-7813
SPRINGBEND BALTIMOR DETAINED	VG	86	REGANCREST BALTIMOR-ET	SPRINGBEND FARMS, ENDERBY, BC, (250) 838-7733
STANHOPE PAM JASPER	VG	86	WILCOXVIEW JASPER-ET	STANHOPE DAIRY FARM LTD, VICTORIA, BC, (250) 652-3654
STANHOPE RACHEL DUPLEX	VG	86	MESLAND DUPLEX-ET	J. WILLIAM WIKKERINK FARMS LTD, COBBLE HILL, BC, (250) 743-9276
STECROIX CRYSILMA MILLION	VG	86	ENGLAND-AMMON MILLION-ET	FERME STE. CROIX INC, STE. CROIX, PQ, (418) 926-3713
SUMMERSHADE FLOWISHOTTLE	VG	86	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	SUMMERSHADE FARMS LTD, ABBOTSFORD, BC, (604) 826-4223
SUNNYHOME DEBONAIR MELINA	VG	86	SCIENTIFIC DEBONAIR-RED-ETS	SUNNYHOME FARMS LTD, SALMON ARM, BC, (250) 832-6152
TODDSDALE-I GOLDWYN MISTIQUE	VG	86	BRAEDALE GOLDWYN	GERALD & GERALD TODD, JR, CANTON DE HATLEY, PQ, (931) 703-0514
TOLAMIKA ATWOOD JUNIPER	VG	86	MAPLE-DOWNS-I G W ATWOOD	T & L CATTLE LTD, ROSEDALE, BC, (604) 794-7813
TOLAMIKA DUNDEE CLAUDIA	VG	86	REGANCREST DUNDEE-ET	T & L CATTLE LTD, ROSEDALE, BC, (604) 794-7813
TRESY ALEXANDER LOLLY	VG	86	GOLDEN-OAKS ST ALEXANDER-ET	GASPAR FILLION, ST. SEBASTIEN, PQ, (819) 652-2829
TUYTEL ROY LEMON	VG	86	ROYLANE JORDAN-ET	BERT TUYTEL, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 792-3571
VEDDERLEA BALTIMOR EDIE	VG	86	REGANCREST BALTIMOR-ET	VEDDERLEA FARM LTD, ABBOTSFORD, BC, (604) 557-1769
VELTHUIS LAURALEE	VG	86	LONG-LANGS OMAN OMAN-ET	RIVERDOWN HOLSTEINS, METCALFE, ON, (613) 821-3421
VIDIA EVOLVE TAMMY	VG	86	WABASH-WAY EVOLVE-ET	FERME VIDIA INC, PRINCEVILLE, PQ, (819) 364-2340
VIDIA MOM MARYLENE	VG	86	LONG-LANGS OMAN OMAN-ET	FERME VIDIA INC, PRINCEVILLE, PQ, (819) 364-2340
VYECROFT LARKIN CANDICE	VG	86	EMILANE LARKIN	BRINKLAND DAIRY LTD, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 823-6390
WEEKSDALE SANCHEZ ROAD TRIP	VG	86	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	SUNNY VALE FARM LTD, COWICHAN BAY, BC, (250) 743-7510
WILLSWIKK DUPLEX CONNIE	VG	86	MESLAND DUPLEX-ET	MEADOW GREEN FARMS LTD, DUNCAN, BC, (250) 746-4537
WILLSWIKK STALLION SAMI	VG	86	KERNDT STALLION	J. WILLIAM WIKKERINK FARMS LTD, COBBLE HILL, BC, (250) 743-9276
YOU-DALE EDY	VG	86	ZIEMS-EF EDITION	FERME GILLETTE INC, EMBRUN, ON, (613) 443-3132
A-MASON-I SANCHEZ TYLINN	VG	85	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	JOHN E. HYLKEMA, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 792-6819
ACRESGLENN DENZEL REGINA	VG	85	LA PRESENTATION DENZEL	GLENN ACRES FARM, BEACHBURG, ON, (613) 582-3893
ALFALEA FBI IXIE	VG	85	GILLETTE BRILEA F B I	SHALOM FARM ALFALEA INC, LISTOWEL, ON, (519) 595-4880
ALMARLEA ELECTRIC DAZZLE	VG	85	MR MDMAPLELAWN ELECTRICITY	ALMARLEA HOLSTEINS, BROCKVILLE, ON, (613) 498-1748
ALMARLEA JONAH FRANBERRY	VG	85	ERNEST-ANTHONY JONAH-RED-ET	ALMARLEA HOLSTEINS, BROCKVILLE, ON, (613) 498-1748
ALMEL DANIER RUTH	VG	85	LA PRESENTATION DANIER	EBYBROOK HOLSTEINS, LISTOWEL, ON, (519) 291-4696
ALPINA BALTIMOR CHEAM	VG	85	REGANCREST BALTIMOR-ET	ALPINA DAIRY FARM LTD, ABBOTSFORD, BC, (604) 854-1114
ALPINA KOLTON MAGICAL	VG	85	BOMAZ SHTL KOLTON 692-ET	ALPINA DAIRY FARM LTD, ABBOTSFORD, BC, (604) 854-1114
AMITIES DPR M O M LOVIN	VG	85	LONG-LANGS OMAN OMAN-ET	BELFAST HOLSTEIN ENR, ST. PATRICE, PQ, (418) 596-2230
ANDREANE ASHLAR NORDICA	VG	85	MORNINGVIEW ASHLAR-ET	FERME ANDREANE INC, AYERS CLIFF, PQ, (819) 838-5912
ANDREANE BALTIMOR LIPSTICK	VG	85	REGANCREST BALTIMOR-ET	FERME ANDREANE INC, AYERS CLIFF, PQ, (819) 838-5912
ANDREANE CASINO MARCH	VG	85	REGANCREST CASINO-ET	FERME ANDREANE INC, AYERS CLIFF, PQ, (819) 838-5912
ANDREANE LAURIN MARGARITA	VG	85	DEN-K MARSHALL LL LAURIN	FERME ANDREANE INC, AYERS CLIFF, PQ, (819) 838-5912
ANDREANE PAYTON EPIC	VG	85	FARNEAR-TBR DAMIN PAYTON-ET	FERME ANDREANE INC, AYERS CLIFF, PQ, (819) 838-5912
ANDREANE SANCHEZ GOALIE	VG	85	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	FERME ANDREANE INC, AYERS CLIFF, PQ, (819) 838-5912
ANDREANE SANCHEZ NACHO	VG	85	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	FERME ANDREANE INC, AYERS CLIFF, PQ, (819) 838-5912
ANDREANE SHOTTLE MAXI	VG	85	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	FERME ANDREANE INC, AYERS CLIFF, PQ, (819) 838-5912
ANTELIMARCK GOLDWYN DALIDA	VG	85	BRAEDALE GOLDWYN	PATRICE LAUZON, ST-PIERRE LES BECQUETS, PQ, (819) 263-2678
ARNOLAIT ARMSTEAD FULLIO	VG	85	DIAMOND-OAK ARMSTEAD-ET	EMMA & BERNHARD ARNOLD, WOTTON, PQ, (819) 828-3718
ARNOLAIT HVEZDA PILLS	VG	85	ORBE-VIEW S STRM HVEZDA-ET	EMMA & BERNHARD ARNOLD, WOTTON, PQ, (819) 828-3718
ASTONIC FEELING CLEVELAND	VG	85	SPRINGWAY CLEVELAND-ET	FERME ASTON INC, ST. LEONARD D'ASTON, PQ, (819) 399-2205
AURIZON LACOSTA HOMESTEAD	VG	85	BOMAZ HOMESTEAD-ET	LAURIER & THERESE BOUCHER, AUDET, PQ, (819) 583-2301
BATA BURN SHELLY	VG	85	DUDOC MR BURNS	FERME LANSI, ST. ALBERT, PQ, (819) 352-1066
BEAVER RAY SANCHEZ MIRANA	VG	85	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	REMI LEROUX, STE. ANNE DE PRESCOTT, ON, (613) 674-5355
BEKKERS JASPER GENE	VG	85	WILCOXVIEW JASPER-ET	BEKKERS HOLSTEINS LTD, DEROCHE, BC, (604) 826-0376
BELDAVID RAPTOR EMIRA	VG	85	JOREN RAPTOR	FERME M.C.F. INC, ST. DAVID, PQ, (819) 396-0774
BENCO CLIP CHAMPION	VG	85	CALBRETT-I H H CHAMPION	BENCO HOLSTEINS, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 794-7365
BENCO FAY ALFREDO	VG	85	LESPERRON ALFREDO	BENCO HOLSTEINS, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 794-7365
BERNALTA TERRASON WILDFIRE	VG	85	INNWOOD TERRASON	SUNNINGHILL HOLSTEINS, GRINDROD, BC, (250) 838-7086
BIBOMEAU AFTERSHOCK CHANE	VG	85	MS ATLEES SHT AFTERSHOCK-ET	FERME BIBOMEAU, ASTON JONCTION, PQ, (819) 226-3377
BIBOMEAU SHOTTLE WOLA	VG	85	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	FERME BIBOMEAU, ASTON JONCTION, PQ, (819) 226-3377
BIRKENTREE GOLDWYN REPEAT	VG	85	BRAEDALE GOLDWYN	CHERRY CREST HOLSTEINS, MARTINTOWN, ON, (613) 528-4331
BLACK FOREST DUNDEE JUDITH	VG	85	REGANCREST DUNDEE-ET	BLACK FOREST FARM LTD, ARMSTRONG, BC, (250) 546-2015
BLONDIN AFTERSHOCK CLASSIK	VG	85	MS ATLEES SHT AFTERSHOCK-ET	JOHN JANSEMA, DUNNVILLE, ON, (905) 774-0170
BLOSSOMDAIRY BOLTON ROSEMARY	VG	85	SANDY-VALLEY BOLTON-ET	BLOSSOM DAIRY LTD, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 795-3556
BLOSSOMDAIRY DIRECTOR SELENA	VG	85	SCIENTIFIC DIRECTOR-RED-ET	BLOSSOM DAIRY LTD, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 795-3556
BOIS MOU TINA JORDAN	VG	85	GILLETTE JORDAN	FERME BOIS MOU, ST. FELIX DE KINGSEY, PQ, (819) 848-2548
BOLTONMANOR VICHY VIRTUOSE 643	VG	85	MARYCLERC B VIRTUOSE	BOLTON MANOR HOLSTEINS LTD, THAMESFORD, ON, (519) 283-6028
BONNIE BRAE AFTERSHOCK ALLORA	VG	85	MS ATLEES SHT AFTERSHOCK-ET	BRUCE & SUSAN MODE, VANKLEEK HILL, ON, (613) 678-3890
BONNIE BRAE CHAMPION BROOKLYN	VG	85	CALBRETT-I H H CHAMPION	BRUCE & SUSAN MODE, VANKLEEK HILL, ON, (613) 678-3890
BONNIE BRAE PROSPECT CARISSA	VG	85	BONNIE BRAE PROSPECT	BRUCE & SUSAN MODE, VANKLEEK HILL, ON, (613) 678-3890
BONTE DAMION EVELINE	VG	85	ERBACRES DAMION	FERME BONTE INC, STE. SOPHIE, PQ, (819) 364-7730
BORNHAVEN MARG MARC ABSOLUTE	VG	85	APPLES ABSOLUTE-RED-ET	VILLAGE RANCH LTD, SORRENTO, BC, (250) 835-2155
BRABANTDALE AFTERSHOCK SPOKEY	VG	85	MS ATLEES SHT AFTERSHOCK-ET	BRABANTDALE FARMS LTD, NAVAN, ON, (613) 791-0155
BRABANTDALE SHOTTLE IGGY	VG	85	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	BRABANTDALE FARMS LTD, NAVAN, ON, (613) 791-0155
BRABANTDALE SUPER LIGHTBRIGHT	VG	85	CHARLESDALE SUPERSTITION-ET	HESSHOLM HOLSTEINS, KEMPTVILLE, ON, (613) 258-5250
BRABANTDALE TRIGGER LUNESTA	VG	85	LARS-ACRES SHOT TRIGGER-ET	HESSHOLM HOLSTEINS, KEMPTVILLE, ON, (613) 258-5250
BRADNER ALEXANDER LU AU	VG	85	GOLDEN-OAKS ST ALEXANDER-ET	BRADNER FARMS, ABBOTSFORD, BC, (604) 856-8143
BRADNER GE GE BOLTON	VG	85	SANDY-VALLEY BOLTON-ET	BRADNER FARMS, ABBOTSFORD, BC, (604) 856-8143
BRASFORT DUCHESSE TEMPLETON	VG	85	CLAYNOOK TEMPLETON	FERME BRASFORT INC, ST. PIERRE BAPTISTE, PQ, (418) 453-2120
BRIENZ ASHLAR ZAPPI	VG	85	MORNINGVIEW ASHLAR-ET	KASPAR MICHEL, KINGSEY FALLS, PQ, (819) 363-2435
BRIENZ BOLTON ALICHE	VG	85	SANDY-VALLEY BOLTON-ET	KASPAR MICHEL, KINGSEY FALLS, PQ, (819) 363-2435
BRINKLAND REDESIGN REIKA	VG	85	REGANCREST DESIGN-ET	BRINKLAND DAIRY LTD, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 823-6390
BROOKNOOK JASPER MAYBE	VG	85	WILCOXVIEW JASPER-ET	BROOKNOOK FARMS, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 858-4429
BROWNDALE DEXTER ASHLEY	VG	85	BROWNDALE DEXTER	BROWNDALE FARM, PARIS, ON, (519) 442-2918
BRUGLINE DRAKE KRISTEN	VG	85	FAR-O-LA DEBBIE-JO DRAKE-ET	BRUGLINE FARMS LTD, CHESTERVILLE, ON, (613) 448-1214
BUKER BONAIR 536	VG	85	KARONA BONAIR	TRINITY HOLSTEINS, MISSION, BC, (604) 826-7058
C V F DENZEL TOBI	VG	85	LA PRESENTATION DENZEL	CLEARVIEW FARM, CLARENCE CREEK, ON, (613) 488-3923
CAMILLIENNE BABY SHOTTLE	VG	85	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	FERME CAMILIENNE INC, LECLERCVILLE, PQ, (819) 292-2454
CARLETON CHERRY	VG	85	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	GLENN DEAN, ARNPRIOR, ON, (613) 623-2727
CARMA JEEVES ANNIE	VG	85	KED OUTSIDE JEEVES-ET	FERME CARMA ENR, ST. LUDGER, PQ, (819) 548-5207
CARMARK DUNDEE BELLE	VG	85	REGANCREST DUNDEE-ET	WESTCOAST HOLSTEINS, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 316-2622
CARMARK SANCHEZ DE ROSA	VG	85	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	CARMARK HOLSTEINS, DUNCAN, BC, (250) 746-7579
CARON LILIANNE STALLION	VG	85	KERNDT STALLION	FERME E.S.M. CARON INC, STE. FRANCOISE, PQ, (819) 287-0436
CAVANHILL AMAZING HONEY	VG	85	MR ATLEES ALTAAMAZING-ET	CAVANHILL FARMS LTD, KINBURN, ON, (613) 839-2423
CAVANHILL AMAZING JEM	VG	85	MR ATLEES ALTAAMAZING-ET	CAVANHILL FARMS LTD, KINBURN, ON, (613) 839-2423
CEDARWAL MANOMAN COTTON CANDY	VG	85	LONG-LANGS OMAN OMAN-ET	CEDARWAL FARMS LTD, ABBOTSFORD, BC, (604) 823-6327
CEDARWAL REALITY RASPBERRY	VG	85	HURTGEN-VUE REALITY-RED	CEDARWAL FARMS LTD, ABBOTSFORD, BC, (604) 823-6327
CHANMAR DUPLEX VANASSA	VG	85	MESLAND DUPLEX-ET	CHANMAR HOLSTEINS, BAINSVILLE, ON, (613) 347-3272
CHANMAR WHY NOT VIVACE	VG	85	GILLETTE WHY NOT	CHANMAR HOLSTEINS, BAINSVILLE, ON, (613) 347-3272
CHANTAL MAUDE STALLION	VG	85	KERNDT STALLION	FERME CHANTAL, STE. PERPETUE, PQ, (819) 336-6156
CLASSY REDLOU 244	VG	85	FIELDHOUSE REDLOU	ROCKMONT HOLSTEINS, SHAKESPEARE, ON, (519) 274-5452
COANWOOD ALTASPARTA 547	VG	85	PARADISE-DND SPARTA-ET	COANWOOD FARMS LTD, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 795-5590
CONTINENTAL ALEXANDER MARY LOU	VG	85	GOLDEN-OAKS ST ALEXANDER-ET	SPRINGBEND FARMS, ENDERBY, BC, (250) 838-7733
COUPAR BARBELLE SAHARA	VG	85	GEN-I-BEQ SAHARA	FERME COUPAR INC, THETFORD MINES, PQ, (418) 332-7435
CRAIG STALLION FELICIA	VG	85	KERNDT STALLION	JOCELYN BRETON, ST. PATRICE DE BEAURIVAGE, PQ, (418) 596-2738
CRAIG TEE OFF SKITTLES	VG	85	RIETBEN TEE OFF	JOCELYN BRETON, ST. PATRICE DE BEAURIVAGE, PQ, (418) 596-2738
CRYSTAL BROOK POLLY	VG	85	SCIENTIFIC DESTRY-ET	DAVID G. FAWCETT, WINCHESTER, ON, (613) 774-0214
DALHOUSIE LAURAK MUSTANG	VG	85	DELABERGE LAURAK	ROBERT LAROCHELLE, ST. NARCISSE BEAURIVAGE, PQ, (418) 475-6420
DALUPIERRE TEE OFF JUNKIE	VG	85	RIETBEN TEE OFF	FERME BENIC ENR, INVERNESS, PQ, (819) 389-5463
DARIDELITE DAMION IOWA	VG	85	ERBACRES DAMION	WESTCOAST HOLSTEINS, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 316-2622
DARIDELITE LAURIN SAMMY	VG	85	DEN-K MARSHALL LL LAURIN	DARI DELITE FARM LTD, SICAMOUS, BC, (250) 836-4206
DARIDELITE MR SAM DANCER	VG	85	REGANCREST-MR DRHAM SAM-ET	DARI DELITE FARM LTD, SICAMOUS, BC, (250) 836-4206
DARIDELITE STANFORD SHUSWAP	VG	85	DEWITTS JORDAN STANFORD	DARI DELITE FARM LTD, SICAMOUS, BC, (250) 836-4206
DAVEYACRES BUCKEYE 1057	VG	85	R-E-W BUCKEYE-ET	LONDON DAIRY FARMS, LONDON, ON, (519) 644-2697
DAVIDOISE GINO BLISTER	VG	85	KILDARE BLISTER	MARTIN BENOIT, STE. BRIGITTE, PQ, (819) 336-4830
DECEBE ARBOR LILAS	VG	85	WABASH-WAY ARBOR-ET	FERME DECEL INC, ST. LUDGER, PQ, (819) 548-5458
DELESTRIE SHOTTLE STARLETTE	VG	85	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	FERME DELESTRIE INC, MARBLETON, PQ, (819) 887-6301
DELHU R DUNDEE DEVAN	VG	85	REGANCREST DUNDEE-ET	DELHU HOLSTEINS, CRYSLER, ON, (613) 987-5259
DENLOU STALLION STARCHOICE	VG	85	KERNDT STALLION	FERME DENIS & LOUISE DION ENR, ST. NARCISSE, PQ, (418) 475-6703
DEROSSIGNOL ANDY	VG	85	BELFAST SAPHIRE	FERME MARCOUX & FILS INC, ST. SYLVESTRE, PQ, (418) 596-3120
DEROSSIGNOL LINEAR JANIE	VG	85	ARDROSS LINEAR	FERME MARCOUX & FILS INC, ST. SYLVESTRE, PQ, (418) 596-3120
DESAIGLES MRBURN LOUISON	VG	85	DUDOC MR BURNS	RENE DAIGLE, ST. EDOUARD, PQ, (418) 796-2676
DESLACS LAURIN BAYA	VG	85	DEN-K MARSHALL LL LAURIN	FERME LAFOUGERE INC, COMPTON, PQ, (819) 849-4449
DESLACS MITEY CATY	VG	85	WEST PORT ARRON DOON MITEY P	FERME LAFOUGERE INC, COMPTON, PQ, (819) 849-4449
DESPERLE BRIANA DUPLEX	VG	85	MESLAND DUPLEX-ET	FERME LAPERLE ENRG, COATICOOK, PQ, (819) 849-3914
DESPERLE MARYLIE AFTERSHOCK	VG	85	MS ATLEES SHT AFTERSHOCK-ET	FERME LAPERLE ENRG, COATICOOK, PQ, (819) 849-3914
DESPERLE ROSINA DUPLEX	VG	85	MESLAND DUPLEX-ET	FERME LAPERLE ENRG, COATICOOK, PQ, (819) 849-3914
DESPERLE SUPREME SANCHEZ	VG	85	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	FERME LAPERLE ENRG, COATICOOK, PQ, (819) 849-3914
DESPOINTES ATWOOD SUZETTE	VG	85	MAPLE-DOWNS-I G W ATWOOD	GAETAN BRUNELLE, STE. SOPHIE D'HALIFAX, PQ, (819) 364-5719
DEVANS DENZEL MOLLY	VG	85	LA PRESENTATION DENZEL	DEVANS HOLSTEINS, SMITHVILLE, ON, (905) 957-7530
DIAMONDLIT LIGHTNING FORTUNE	VG	85	SIR LINERWAY LIGHTNING-ET	BLUE DIAMOND FARMS LTD, DUNCAN, BC, (250) 748-5643
DICKLANDS FRANKIE CRISTIE	VG	85	SAANWOOD WINSOME	J. DICK & FAMILY, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 823-6437
DON-MAIR BRAXTON LOVER	VG	85	REGANCREST S BRAXTON-ET	DON-MAIR FARMS, MT. HOPE, ON, (905) 679-6210
DONDEN HUNTER FBI	VG	85	GILLETTE BRILEA F B I	TIM & DIANE GRONIGER, CARLSBAD SPRINGS, ON, (613) 822-2358
DUDOC MITEY PETITTAPIS RED P	VG	85	WEST PORT ARRON DOON MITEY P	KYVIE HOLSTEIN, ST. ANTOINE DE TILLY, PQ, (418) 886-2551
DUDOC PLANET PACEMAKER	VG	85	ENSENADA TABOO PLANET-ET	FERME DU DOC, STE. CROIX, PQ, (418) 455-1873
DUSYLANCE KNOWLEDGE JOLLY	VG	85	SICY KNOWLEDGE	FERME DU SYLANCE S.N.C, STE. CROIX, PQ, (418) 926-2474
EBYBROOK BC TOOBOOT	VG	85	BOULET CHARLES ET	EBYBROOK HOLSTEINS, LISTOWEL, ON, (519) 291-4696
EBYBROOK M LINA SHOTTLE	VG	85	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	EBYBROOK HOLSTEINS, LISTOWEL, ON, (519) 291-4696
EDRIPHANIEL MEGAN ALEXANDER	VG	85	GOLDEN-OAKS ST ALEXANDER-ET	FERME EDRIPHANIEL INC, LOTBINIERE, PQ, (418) 796-2358
ELKFARM SALTO TOMAHAWK	VG	85	GEN-I-BEQ SALTO	JAKOB NYFELER, ST. PIERRE LES BECQUETS, PQ, (819) 263-2744
ELKVIEW BLITZ JAMEY	VG	85	FUSTEAD EMORY BLITZ-ET	ELKVIEW FARMS LTD, GRINDROD, BC, (250) 838-7702
ELMBRIDGE BOLTON ANNIKA	VG	85	SANDY-VALLEY BOLTON-ET	NICOLE PARKINSON, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 858-3498
ELMBRIDGE BRAXTON MOXIE	VG	85	REGANCREST S BRAXTON-ET	NICOLE PARKINSON, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 858-3498
ELMBRIDGE LIQUEUR PEARL	VG	85	MAJESTIC LIQUEUR ET	NICOLE PARKINSON, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 858-3498
ELMBRIDGE SANCHEZ BUTTERSCOTCH	VG	85	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	NICOLE PARKINSON, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 858-3498
ELMIDO VERBENA SANCHEZ 1518	VG	85	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	ELMIDO FARMS, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 858-3629
ERBCREST GOLDWYN CARMEL	VG	85	BRAEDALE GOLDWYN	ERBCREST FARM, MILVERTON, ON, (519) 656-2330
ERBCREST SUPER CANDACE	VG	85	CHARLESDALE SUPERSTITION-ET	ERBCREST FARM, MILVERTON, ON, (519) 656-2330
ETEL NIC INSTAMATIC	VG	85	PENNVIEW INSTAMATIC	FERME ETEL HOLSTEIN, WOTTON, PQ, (819) 828-3270
FAJOBEC CHELIOS ROXANNE	VG	85	DOMICOLE CHELIOS	FERME LAURIER LABRECQUE & FILS INC, ST. BERNARD, PQ, (418) 475-6462
FARNEAR-TBR JEE PROSPER-ET	VG	85	KED OUTSIDE JEEVES-ET	FERME DELESTRIE INC, MARBLETON, PQ, (819) 887-6301
FEEDERLANE FBI TEDDIE	VG	85	GILLETTE BRILEA F B I	FEEDERLANE FARMS, WAINFLEET, ON, (905) 899-0538
FILIALE DESTRY BOUMBAWAY	VG	85	SCIENTIFIC DESTRY-ET	FERME FILIALE ST. LUDGER INC, ST. LUDGER, PQ, (819) 548-5265
FLB BURNISH CAZIAN	VG	85	DE-SU BURNISH-ET	FERME LAITIERE BELLEVUE ENR, STANSTEAD, PQ, (819) 876-2892
FLEURY GOLD MEDAL	VG	85	BRAEDALE GOLDWYN	HEAVEN HOLSTEIN, ST. AGAPIT, PQ, (418) 888-3285
FORMA PROMAR SILVER	VG	85	WINDY-KNOLL-VIEW PROMAR-ET	FERME AGRIFORMA INC, ST. SYLVESTRE, PQ, (418) 596-2444
FORTOISE BRAWLER KARISME	VG	85	GEN-I-BEQ BRAWLER	FERME FORTOISE INC, ST. PIERRE BAPTISTE, PQ, (418) 453-2060
FRANCHELLO MODERN MATHILDE	VG	85	MR MODERN-ET	MICHEL LAFOND, STE. PERPETUE, PQ, (819) 336-6325
FRESYL HOWIE ESTHER	VG	85	KERNDTWAY HOWIE-ET	FRESYL FARMS, BROCKVILLE, ON, (613) 345-7182
FRESYL LITTORAL FRUITIE	VG	85	COMESTAR LITTORAL	FRESYL FARMS, BROCKVILLE, ON, (613) 345-7182
FREUREHAVEN C S LAUTELLA	VG	85	CHARLESDALE SUPERSTITION-ET	FREUREHAVEN FARMS LTD, WELLANDPORT, ON, (905) 386-6433
FREUREHAVEN M O M LAUTELLA	VG	85	LONG-LANGS OMAN OMAN-ET	FREUREHAVEN FARMS LTD, WELLANDPORT, ON, (905) 386-6433
FRIESO GOLDWYN LUCILLE	VG	85	BRAEDALE GOLDWYN	FRIESO FARMS, SMITHVILLE, ON, (905) 643-2548
FRUEH CHAMPION JAJA	VG	85	CALBRETT-I H H CHAMPION	FRUEH FARMS LTD, DUNCAN, BC, (250) 709-1849
FRUEH MOM SANDRA	VG	85	LONG-LANGS OMAN OMAN-ET	FRUEH FARMS LTD, DUNCAN, BC, (250) 709-1849
FRUEH RIDDLES SANCHEZ	VG	85	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	FRUEH FARMS LTD, DUNCAN, BC, (250) 709-1849
FRUEH SANCHEZ JASPER	VG	85	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	FRUEH FARMS LTD, DUNCAN, BC, (250) 709-1849
FRUEH STARDUST JEWEL	VG	85	BROWNDALE STARDUST	FRUEH FARMS LTD, DUNCAN, BC, (250) 709-1849
GAELANDE SHOTTLE MARIA	VG	85	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	GAETAN GOSSELIN, PLESSISVILLE, PQ, (819) 362-7585
GAELANDE SOLARIS SONIADORE	VG	85	WINTERLANCE SOLARIS-ET	GAETAN GOSSELIN, PLESSISVILLE, PQ, (819) 362-7585
GARAY ATWOOD SELENA	VG	85	MAPLE-DOWNS-I G W ATWOOD	GASPAR FILLION, ST. SEBASTIEN, PQ, (819) 652-2829
GARAY DUPLEX EVORA	VG	85	MESLAND DUPLEX-ET	GASPAR FILLION, ST. SEBASTIEN, PQ, (819) 652-2829
GARAY SANCHEZ MEG	VG	85	ALLYNDALE-I ATTIC	GASPAR FILLION, ST. SEBASTIEN, PQ, (819) 652-2829
GARDENVALE MAHOGANY ARIANE	VG	85	GREEN-CORNER MAHOGANY-ET	GARDENVALE FARMS INC, FRENCHFORT, PE, (902) 629-5691
GASFRAN DOLSUNNY KRISTINE	VG	85	EXPRESS DOLSUNNY	FERME G.D.F. COTE INC, ST. JEAN DE BREBEUF, PQ, (418) 453-7762
GEN-I-BEQ MANOMAN BLOSY	VG	85	LONG-LANGS OMAN OMAN-ET	SYNDICAT GEN-I-BEQ, ST. PATRICE, PQ, (418) 596-2230
GERANN DURHAM COBY	VG	85	DURHAM RED	GERANN HOLSTEINS, CARDINAL, ON, (613) 657-4609
GIFFORD DELINDA DENZEL	VG	85	LA PRESENTATION DENZEL	GIFFORD ACRES FARM LTD, ABBOTSFORD, BC, (604) 819-3123
GILLETTE BRAWLER DELUXE	VG	85	GEN-I-BEQ BRAWLER	FERME GILLETTE INC, EMBRUN, ON, (613) 443-3132
GILLETTE GARRETT LOOK ABOUT	VG	85	SCHILLVIEW GARRETT-ET	FERME GILLETTE INC, EMBRUN, ON, (613) 443-3132
GILLETTE GARRETT LOOKAS	VG	85	SCHILLVIEW GARRETT-ET	WISSELVIEW FARMS, PITT MEADOWS, BC, (604) 465-4118
GILLETTE GERARD 2ND LOVELY	VG	85	SCHILLVIEW OMAN GERARD-ET	FERME GILLETTE INC, EMBRUN, ON, (613) 443-3132
GINARY OMAN OMAN MONICA	VG	85	LONG-LANGS OMAN OMAN-ET	S. & J. VILLENEUVE & SONS INC, HAWKESBURY, ON, (613) 632-8209
GLENGARRY FLORIAN ADELINE	VG	85	MTELGIN FLORIAN	GLENGARRY STOCK FARMS INC, APPLE HILL, ON, (613) 527-5355
GLENGARRY MAN OMAN PIPER	VG	85	LONG-LANGS OMAN OMAN-ET	GLENGARRY STOCK FARMS INC, APPLE HILL, ON, (613) 527-5355
GLENGARRY MAN OMAN PIPPY	VG	85	LONG-LANGS OMAN OMAN-ET	GLENGARRY STOCK FARMS INC, APPLE HILL, ON, (613) 527-5355
GLENGARRY OMAN PURE	VG	85	LONG-LANGS OMAN OMAN-ET	GLENGARRY STOCK FARMS INC, APPLE HILL, ON, (613) 527-5355
GLENNHOLME GLEN KROME	VG	85	GLEN-VALLEY BW CAPTAIN-ET	GLENNHOLME HOLSTEINS, CARP, ON, (613) 839-5254
GLENNHOLME SANCHEZ BRENNA	VG	85	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	GLENNHOLME HOLSTEINS, CARP, ON, (613) 839-5254
GLORYBOUND VEGAS LOCUST	VG	85	LOCUST-RIDGE EMORY CALEB-ET	GLORYBOUND HOLSTEINS, ENDERBY, BC, (250) 546-0346
GO FORTIER STALLION RAMEN	VG	85	KERNDT STALLION	FERME GO FORTIER INC, ST. PIERRE BAPTISTE, PQ, (418) 453-2145
GOLDENSET SHOTTLE HOLLIDAY	VG	85	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	CHRIS DEWITT, JR, SICAMOUS, BC, (250) 836-4271
GOULDHAVEN DEBONAIR LOVEABLE	VG	85	SCIENTIFIC DEBONAIR-RED-ETS	GOULDHAVEN FARMS, FORESTERS FALLS, ON, (613) 646-7788
GOULDHAVEN SANCHEZ LANEY	VG	85	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	GOULDHAVEN FARMS, FORESTERS FALLS, ON, (613) 646-7788
GREAVESTON SEPTEMBER GOLDWYN	VG	85	BRAEDALE GOLDWYN	GREAVESTON HOLSTEINS, NORTH AUGUSTA, ON, (613) 926-2647
GREENLARK PATSY JUSTINE	VG	85	MESLAND DUPLEX-ET	GREENLARK FARMS, PEMBROKE, ON, (613) 638-6283
GREENLARK ROSES GLORIANN	VG	85	GEN-I-BEQ BOLTON	GREENLARK FARMS, PEMBROKE, ON, (613) 638-6283
GREN BEAUTY SANCHEZ	VG	85	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	DEAN LATOURELL, MOUNTAIN, ON, (613) 258-2162
GUIMONNIERE STALLION MELANIE	VG	85	KERNDT STALLION	NORMAND GUIMOND, LECLERCVILLE, PQ, (819) 292-3331
HAMMING DIRECTORRED RUBY	VG	85	SCIENTIFIC DIRECTOR-RED-ET	HAMMING HOLSTEINS LTD, VERNON, BC, (250) 545-7599
HAMMING SHOTTLE DARLING	VG	85	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	HAMMING HOLSTEINS LTD, VERNON, BC, (250) 545-7599
HAMMINGVIEW BRAWLER MONTANA	VG	85	GEN-I-BEQ BRAWLER	HAMMINGVIEW FARMS LTD, PITT MEADOWS, BC, (604) 465-4016
HAMMINGVIEW BUSINESS BETH	VG	85	CO-OP GARTER BUSINESS	HAMMINGVIEW FARMS LTD, PITT MEADOWS, BC, (604) 465-4016
HARTHAVEN JORDEE SANCHEZ	VG	85	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	HARTHAVEN FARMS INC, MORRISBURG, ON, (613) 543-3624
HAYWAY CLARION ALLISON 587	VG	85	VACHALE CLARION	HAY-WAY FARMS, PEMBROKE, ON, (613) 638-3230
HEATHERICK STALLION POPPY	VG	85	KERNDT STALLION	FREDERICK TOPP & SON, DUNNVILLE, ON, (905) 774-4342
HENDERCROFT JASPER JAWBREAKER	VG	85	WILCOXVIEW JASPER-ET	HERBERT HENDERSON, ASHTON, ON, (613) 257-3359
HENDERCROFT JASPER MENTOS	VG	85	WILCOXVIEW JASPER-ET	HERBERT HENDERSON, ASHTON, ON, (613) 257-3359
HENDERCROFT LANDSCAPE CHEESE	VG	85	GENERVATIONS LANDSCAPE	HERBERT HENDERSON, ASHTON, ON, (613) 257-3359
HENDERCROFT SHOTTLE EURO	VG	85	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	HERBERT HENDERSON, ASHTON, ON, (613) 257-3359
HIDDENLUCK TALENT PIPPS	VG	85	LADINO PARK TALENT-IMP-ET	SUNNY VALE FARM LTD, COWICHAN BAY, BC, (250) 743-7510
HILL VIEW DUSTER PRISTINA	VG	85	DESLACS DUSTER	DWYRE FARMS LTD, ELGIN, ON, (613) 359-5909
HILLOVER LAVANGUARD ELISA	VG	85	COMESTAR LAVANGUARD	GASPAR FILLION, ST. SEBASTIEN, PQ, (819) 652-2829
HOLBERG ELAHO MILFORD	VG	85	EMERALD-ACR-VR MILFORD-ET	HOLBERG FARM LTD, AGASSIZ, BC, (604) 796-0425
HUIZTEIN BOXER KRISTIAN	VG	85	DREAM-PRAIRIE SHADOW BOXER	HUIZTEIN FARMS INC, WAINFLEET, ON, (905) 899-3557
HUIZTEIN SANCHEZ SAM	VG	85	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	HUIZTEIN FARMS INC, WAINFLEET, ON, (905) 899-3557
HUSO BUSTON 58	VG	85	MYE038 BUXTON	COUNTRY CHARM FARMS LTD, ABBOTSFORD, BC, (604) 826-2597
HYLJON JOCKEY ROZLYN	VG	85	DE-SU JOCKEY-ET	JOHN E. HYLKEMA, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 792-6819
HYLJON KINGLY 825	VG	85	LAJEANTE KINGLY	JOHN E. HYLKEMA, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 792-6819
HYLJON LIESL SPICE	VG	85	PENN-ENGLAND LIESL 628A	JOHN E. HYLKEMA, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 792-6819
HYLJON SHOTTLE BECKETT	VG	85	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	JOHN E. HYLKEMA, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 792-6819
HYLJON SS HAWAII	VG	85	PURSUIT SEPTEMBER STORM	JOHN E. HYLKEMA, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 792-6819
HYLJON SUPER BARCELONA	VG	85	CHARLESDALE SUPERSTITION-ET	JOHN E. HYLKEMA, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 792-6819
HYLLTOP TIP TOP ASHTON	VG	85	BONTEMPS-I ASHTON	VELLENGA FARMS LTD, PARIS, ON, (519) 753-1522
IDAVISTA JIGGLE	VG	85	KOEPON DOLCREST	IDAVISTA FARMS LTD, ENDERBY, BC, (250) 546-6158
JAGER BAXTER SUMMER	VG	85	EMERALD-ACR-SA T-BAXTER	JAGER FARM HOLSTEINS, DUNCAN, BC, (250) 748-9973
JAGER BLITZ DELILAH	VG	85	FUSTEAD EMORY BLITZ-ET	JAGER FARM HOLSTEINS, DUNCAN, BC, (250) 748-9973
JAQUET BIG MAB MAEVA	VG	85	KLASSIC BIG MAC-ET	FERME JAQUET INC, MARTINVILLE, PQ, (819) 837-2885
JAQUET CARRIBEAN AMOLIE	VG	85	RALMA CARRIBEAN-ET	FERME JAQUET INC, MARTINVILLE, PQ, (819) 837-2885
JAQUET LAVANGUARD FAYERE	VG	85	COMESTAR LAVANGUARD	FERME JAQUET INC, MARTINVILLE, PQ, (819) 837-2885
JAQUET MAXLIFE MALVINA	VG	85	REGANCREST-PJ MAXLIFE-ET	FERME JAQUET INC, MARTINVILLE, PQ, (819) 837-2885
JARONDALE TIA SAMUELO	VG	85	REGANCREST-MR SAMUELO-ET	FERME ALSACE HOLSTEIN S.E.N.C, DESCHAILLONS, PQ, (819) 292-3109
JILUE MARIA KNOWLEDGE	VG	85	SICY KNOWLEDGE	CLAUDE LANOIE, ST. GUILLAUME, PQ, (819) 396-3188
JILUE ZIOBI HAVEN	VG	85	MR ADVENT HAVEN-ET	CLAUDE LANOIE, ST. GUILLAUME, PQ, (819) 396-3188
JOLIBOIS BRIANA SANCHEZ	VG	85	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	FERME ROLANDALE ENR, ST. FLAVIEN, PQ, (418) 728-4864
JOLIBOIS LORNA AFTERSHOCK	VG	85	MS ATLEES SHT AFTERSHOCK-ET	FERME ROLANDALE ENR, ST. FLAVIEN, PQ, (418) 728-4864
JOYACRES DENZEL BRAILYN	VG	85	LA PRESENTATION DENZEL	ARCHIE & NANCY HUIZINGA, WELLANDPORT, ON, (905) 386-6772
KENBERT SANCHEZ SUPREME	VG	85	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	T & L CATTLE LTD, ROSEDALE, BC, (604) 794-7813
KENMARANK TALENT CLASSIC	VG	85	LADINO PARK TALENT-IMP-ET	KENMARANK FARMS LTD, ABBOTSFORD, BC, (604) 853-1933
KENNYDALE ITZAK OKI	VG	85	SYNERGY ITZAK	KENNYDALE HOLSTEINS, PEMBROKE, ON, (613) 582-3440
KESHLEA KINGLY BRITTANY	VG	85	LAJEANTE KINGLY	KESHLEA HOLSTEINS, TROY, ON, (905) 628-6605
KEYLAS SANCHEZ KAMI	VG	85	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	DOUGLAS WINGER, CAYUGA, ON, (905) 772-5568
KNAPVIEW PROMOTION CHIQUITA	VG	85	MR DERRY PROMOTION	KNAPVIEW FARMS, ALMONTE, ON, (613) 256-5184
KNONAUDALE JASPER KASSIE	VG	85	WILCOXVIEW JASPER-ET	KNONAUDALE FARMS INC, CRYSLER, ON, (613) 987-5474
KNONAUDALE SHOTTLE KIESH	VG	85	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	KNONAUDALE FARMS INC, CRYSLER, ON, (613) 987-5474
KONI DOWNY DOLMAN	VG	85	REGANCREST DOLMAN-ET	ALAIN CARON, INVERNESS, PQ, (418) 453-2328
KORED 444	VG	85	RIDGEFIELD DELETE ET	KORBELD FARM, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 316-7051
KRUL DENZEL PIXYS	VG	85	LA PRESENTATION DENZEL	KRUL HOLSTEINS LTD, ARTHUR, ON, (519) 848-2427
LA-DEE MILLION ALEXA	VG	85	ENGLAND-AMMON MILLION-ET	LARRY D TJOELKER, CUSTER, WA, (360) 354-5752
LABRECQUE FREE DELETE	VG	85	RIDGEFIELD DELETE ET	FERME H.D. LABRECQUE & FILS INC, LAMBTON, PQ, (418) 486-2856
LACFRASER MR BURNS NAOMY	VG	85	DUDOC MR BURNS	ROBERT LAROCHELLE, ST. NARCISSE BEAURIVAGE, PQ, (418) 475-6420
LACWILLIAM SHAQUILLE LIMPRESS	VG	85	DESLACS SHAQUILLE	FERME CLEMENT MARCOUX & FILS, ST. FERDINAND, PQ, (418) 428-9428
LAFAILLE DARWIN MIREILLE	VG	85	QUEBECLYNCH ATLAS DARWIN	LAFAILLE & FILS LTEE, COATICOOK, PQ, (819) 849-3606
LAFAILLE VINCENT ROSY	VG	85	LANGEVIN DESIGN VINCENT	LAFAILLE & FILS LTEE, COATICOOK, PQ, (819) 849-3606
LAFOUGERE GOLDWYN BERGAMOTHE	VG	85	BRAEDALE GOLDWYN	FERME LAFOUGERE INC, COMPTON, PQ, (819) 849-4449
LAFOUGERE GOLDWYN CREVETTE	VG	85	BRAEDALE GOLDWYN	FERME LAFOUGERE INC, COMPTON, PQ, (819) 849-4449
LAFOUGERE KNOWLEDGE LISE	VG	85	SICY KNOWLEDGE	FERME LAFOUGERE INC, COMPTON, PQ, (819) 849-4449
LAFOUGERE SPECTRSON CHANTILLY	VG	85	DEXPRO SPECTRASON RED	FERME LAFOUGERE INC, COMPTON, PQ, (819) 849-4449
LANSI ASHLAR CHANTAL	VG	85	MORNINGVIEW ASHLAR-ET	FERME LANSI, ST. ALBERT, PQ, (819) 352-1066
LANSI DEREK ISMA	VG	85	EMERALD-ACR-SA T-DEREK-ET	FERME LANSI, ST. ALBERT, PQ, (819) 352-1066
LANSI UMBERTO KATE	VG	85	VILLYVON UMBERTO	FERME LANSI, ST. ALBERT, PQ, (819) 352-1066
LAQUEBECOISE GAB STALLION	VG	85	KERNDT STALLION	FERME GARNEAU & FILS INC, PLESSISVILLE, PQ, (819) 362-6215
LAQUEBECOISE JABEL STALLION	VG	85	KERNDT STALLION	FERME GARNEAU & FILS INC, PLESSISVILLE, PQ, (819) 362-6215
LARIGYBER EIGHT OMERA	VG	85	CROCKETT-ACRES EIGHT-ET	FERME LARIGYBER INC, ST. NARCISSE, PQ, (418) 475-4536
LAUZONNIERE SHOWTIME MATILDE	VG	85	COWTOWN SHOWTIME	MARIO LAUZON, ST. PIERRE LES BECQUETS, PQ, (819) 263-2678
LAVENDER PICOLO RISKY RED	VG	85	LA PRESENTATION PICOLO RED	LAVENDER FARMS LTD, ABBOTSFORD, BC, (604) 852-8079
LAVENDER PICOLO ROSA RED	VG	85	LA PRESENTATION PICOLO RED	LAVENDER FARMS LTD, ABBOTSFORD, BC, (604) 852-8079
LAVENDER SHOTTLE CARMEL	VG	85	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	LAVENDER FARMS LTD, ABBOTSFORD, BC, (604) 852-8079
LEMBER DAMION ROSAY	VG	85	ERBACRES DAMION	FERME LEMBER (1998) INC, STE. CECILE DE LEVRARD, PQ, (819) 263-0144
LEMBER SHOTTLE JEANA	VG	85	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	FERME LEMBER (1998) INC, STE. CECILE DE LEVRARD, PQ, (819) 263-0144
LEMBER SHOTTLE JEANY	VG	85	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	FERME LEMBER (1998) INC, STE. CECILE DE LEVRARD, PQ, (819) 263-0144
LESPERRON AFTERSHOCK ROOKIE	VG	85	MS ATLEES SHT AFTERSHOCK-ET	FERME LESPERRON ENR, BURY, PQ, (819) 872-3760
LESPERRON CHICAGO ALISHA	VG	85	MR BAXTER CHICAGO	FERME LESPERRON ENR, BURY, PQ, (819) 872-3760
LESPERRON FORMATIC WISH	VG	85	SIR LINERWAY FORMATIC-ET	FERME LESPERRON ENR, BURY, PQ, (819) 872-3760
LESPERRON MANIFOLD SPECTRE	VG	85	MAINSTREAM MANIFOLD	FERME LESPERRON ENR, BURY, PQ, (819) 872-3760
LIBEAU CM EVOLVE DOLLINA	VG	85	WABASH-WAY EVOLVE-ET	FERME ROUSSETTE, LECLERCVILLE, PQ, (819) 292-3491
LIBERTY DAMION LAZYCASH	VG	85	ERBACRES DAMION	WESTCOAST HOLSTEINS, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 316-2622
LILLIESDALE MAXLIFE ALISSA	VG	85	REGANCREST-PJ MAXLIFE-ET	LEO BAUMANN, LYN, ON, (613) 342-8919
LIMBRA DESTRY DUSTY	VG	85	SCIENTIFIC DESTRY-ET	FERME RAYNAUD LTEE, VANKLEEK HILL, ON, (613) 678-6032
LIMBRA FRONTRUNNER COCO	VG	85	MORSAN FRONTRUNNER	HUYBREGTS FARMS LTD, CRYSLER, ON, (613) 987-5563
LIMBRA GARRET KIZZY	VG	85	LIMBRA FINAL CUT GARRET	HUYBREGTS FARMS LTD, CRYSLER, ON, (613) 987-5563
LIMBRA PICOLO DANCER RED	VG	85	LA PRESENTATION PICOLO RED	HUYBREGTS FARMS LTD, CRYSLER, ON, (613) 987-5563
LIMBRA TWISTER EBONY	VG	85	GINARY TWISTER	HUYBREGTS FARMS LTD, CRYSLER, ON, (613) 987-5563
LINTONBROOK MEDFORD JEWEL	VG	85	GOLDEN-OAKS MEDFORD-ET	LINTONBROOK FARM, OSGOODE, ON, (613) 774-5483
LOCHDALE AFTERSHOCK CATHY	VG	85	MS ATLEES SHT AFTERSHOCK-ET	DAVID J. MACMILLAN, ALEXANDRIA, ON, (613) 525-4968
LOCHDALE DENZEL MAGGIE	VG	85	LA PRESENTATION DENZEL	DAVID J. MACMILLAN, ALEXANDRIA, ON, (613) 525-4968
LOCKEITH CHELSY SALTO	VG	85	GEN-I-BEQ SALTO	MAPLEHURST FARMS LTD, BROCKVILLE, ON, (613) 926-0911
LOLAN DAMION BRANDIE	VG	85	ERBACRES DAMION	LOLAN HOLSTEINS, BRINSTON, ON, (613) 652-4915
LOOKOUT SANCHEZ DEZARAE	VG	85	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	LOOKOUT HOLSTEINS, CANTON DE HATLEY, PQ, (819) 842-3130
LOREDUC GLITTER TREASURER	VG	85	ROCKYMOUNTAIN TREASURER	FERME TURGE, ST. ANDRIEN D'IRLANDE, PQ, (418) 335-3814
LOYADA ESCALADE EMILY	VG	85	TRAMILDA-N ESCALADE-ET	VANDERKLOET FARMS LTD, ATHENS, ON, (613) 924-2885
LUXURY ATTIC JAMIE	VG	85	ALLYNDALE-I ATTIC	INGRID DEVRIES, WELLANDPORT, ON, (905) 899-1030
LYSNAULT CASSENDRE DUSK	VG	85	SCIENTIFIC SS DUSK-ET	MICHEL NAULT, LYSTER, PQ, (819) 389-5329
M WAY BOLTON 552	VG	85	SANDY-VALLEY BOLTON-ET	MILKY WAY DAIRY, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 702-1198
MAGOLAIT MAGOT JUICY	VG	85	CHARPENTIER MAGOT	FERME MAGOLAIT ENR, MAGOG, PQ, (819) 868-0202
MAJICA BOLTON MARRY LUCKY	VG	85	SANDY-VALLEY BOLTON-ET	JEAN-LOUIS MARTINEAU, VILLEROY, PQ, (819) 385-4791
MAPEL WOOD ALEXANDER LINDA	VG	85	GOLDEN-OAKS ST ALEXANDER-ET	MAPEL WOOD FARMS, JERSEYVILLE, ON, (905) 648-3213
MAPEL WOOD CONTENDER RED ROSE	VG	85	PATIENCE SHOWLINE CONTENDER	MAPEL WOOD FARMS, JERSEYVILLE, ON, (905) 648-3213
MAPEL WOOD GOLDWYN DELICATE	VG	85	BRAEDALE GOLDWYN	MAPEL WOOD FARMS, JERSEYVILLE, ON, (905) 648-3213
MAPEL WOOD REALITY REBA	VG	85	HURTGEN-VUE REALITY-RED	LEGEND-MAKER HOLSTEINS, MT. HOPE, ON, (905) 679-9986
MAPEL WOOD SUPER BLONDY	VG	85	CHARLESDALE SUPERSTITION-ET	MAPEL WOOD FARMS, JERSEYVILLE, ON, (905) 648-3213
MAPLE-AIN GOLDWYN INKA	VG	85	BRAEDALE GOLDWYN	MAPLE-AIN HOLSTEINS, SMITHS FALLS, ON, (613) 283-0063
MAPLE-AIN TAHOE ISABOO	VG	85	FUTURECREST TAHOE	MAPLE-AIN HOLSTEINS, SMITHS FALLS, ON, (613) 283-0063
MAPLELANE ACCAPULCO AMAZON	VG	85	DUPASQUIER ACCAPULCO	FERME LUGA S.E.N.C, ST. NICHOLAS, PQ, (418) 831-3517
MAPLELAWN BOLTON DANTEL	VG	85	SANDY-VALLEY BOLTON-ET	DOUGAL LEA HOLSTEINS, SMITHVILLE, ON, (905) 643-2364
MARBANK MEGAN STALLION	VG	85	KERNDT STALLION	MARBANK FARMS LIMITED, PORT DOVER, ON, (519) 428-1630
MARDELEN DUPLEX PORCHA ET	VG	85	MESLAND DUPLEX-ET	MARDELEN HOLSTEINS LTD, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 823-4604
MARIEJADINE SHOTGUN CAMILLE	VG	85	GEN-I-BEQ SHOTGUN	FERME MARIE JADINE, FINCH, ON, (613) 346-5787
MARION SHOTTLE MAURANE	VG	85	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	MARION HOLSTEIN, MARIONVILLE, ON, (613) 445-5632
MARNA MIRA BONAIR	VG	85	KARONA BONAIR	FERME NADEAU 2006 INC, LAURIERVILLE, PQ, (819) 365-1047
MARSH-VUE AW PRISCILLA-ET	VG	85	MAPLE-DOWNS-I G W ATWOOD	BREEZE HILL HOLSTEINS, WINCHESTER, ON, (613) 821-3906
MARTIANN DUNDEE PATSY 1251	VG	85	REGANCREST DUNDEE-ET	MARTIN HAMMING, DELTA, BC, (604) 946-5921
MARTIANN PROMAR BEAUTY 1258	VG	85	WINDY-KNOLL-VIEW PROMAR-ET	MARTIN HAMMING, DELTA, BC, (604) 946-5921
MARYCLERC ALEXANDER SHARE	VG	85	GOLDEN-OAKS ST ALEXANDER-ET	FERME GILLETTE INC, EMBRUN, ON, (613) 443-3132
MAZJESTIC SANCHEZ NUTTY	VG	85	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	JOE MAZUR, ENDERBY, BC, (250) 838-2284
MEADOW GREEN ALEX VALERI	VG	85	GOLDEN-OAKS ST ALEXANDER-ET	MEADOW GREEN FARMS LTD, DUNCAN, BC, (250) 746-4537
MEADOW GREEN SANCHEZ EVELYN	VG	85	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	MEADOW GREEN FARMS LTD, DUNCAN, BC, (250) 746-4537
MEADOWBRINK PLATO POLLY	VG	85	WINDY-KNOLL-VIEW PLATO-ET	MEADOWBRINK FARMS, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 824-2399
MELGA BOLTON ALSY	VG	85	SANDY-VALLEY BOLTON-ET	LEO LANCIAUX, DIXVILLE, PQ, (819) 849-0358
MERRY MEADOWS DUPLEX CARAMEL	VG	85	MESLAND DUPLEX-ET	DRENNAN FARMS LTD, DUNGANNON, ON, (519) 529-3115
MERRY MEADOWS DUPLEX DANIE	VG	85	MESLAND DUPLEX-ET	DRENNAN FARMS LTD, DUNGANNON, ON, (519) 529-3115
MICHELOISE CINTHIA FROSTY	VG	85	DIAMOND-OAK FROSTY-ET	FERME MICHELOISE INC, ST. FERDINAND, PQ, (418) 428-3298
MICHERET CALLBY DEMELLO	VG	85	SCIENTIFIC DEMELLO-ET	FERME MICHERET INC, ST. ZEPHIRIN, PQ, (450) 564-2321
MICHERET SPRING FAIRWAY RED	VG	85	COMESTAR FAIRWAY	FERME MICHERET INC, ST. ZEPHIRIN, PQ, (450) 564-2321
MIDLEE FINAL CUT SHARON	VG	85	GILLETTE FINAL CUT	MIDLEE FARMS LTD, OSGOODE, ON, (613) 774-3220
MIDLEE JEEVES DARLING	VG	85	KED OUTSIDE JEEVES-ET	MIDLEE FARMS LTD, OSGOODE, ON, (613) 774-3220
MILKSOURCE ADV EXCITE-ET	VG	85	KHW KITE ADVENT-RED-ET	FERME ROGGUA ENR, STANSTEAD, PQ, (819) 876-7659
MIREAN SAILOR MAKAPAKA	VG	85	MORNINGVIEW SAILOR-ET	FERME MIREAN INC, LECLERCVILLE, PQ, (819) 292-2619
MISTY SPRINGS LEGEND SHIMMER	VG	85	MORNINGVIEW LEGEND-ET	GLENNHOLME HOLSTEINS, CARP, ON, (613) 839-5254
MISTY SPRINGS OMAN SATIN	VG	85	LONG-LANGS OMAN OMAN-ET	SUNNYLODGE FARMS INC, CHESTERVILLE, ON, (613) 448-3470
MORSAN BIG TIME LOVELY THREE	VG	85	KLASSIC BIG TIME-ET	FERME CARREFOUR DES ETOILES INC, HATLEY, PQ, (819) 838-5677
MORSAN GSA TWIX	VG	85	GOLDEN-OAKS ST ALEXANDER-ET	WESTCOAST HOLSTEINS, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 316-2622
MORSAN SHOTTLE JOAN	VG	85	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	T & L CATTLE LTD, ROSEDALE, BC, (604) 794-7813
MOUNT AIRY STALLION TALIA	VG	85	KERNDT STALLION	MODLER FARMS LTD, GANANOQUE, ON, (613) 382-2504
MOUNT ELM SANCHEZ INTUITION	VG	85	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	NEIL & BRYAN ANDERSON, VANKLEEK HILL, ON, (613) 678-3594
MS ARIEL SANCHEZ AVERY-ET	VG	85	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	BREEZE HILL HOLSTEINS, WINCHESTER, ON, (613) 821-3906
MS JOLEANNA S AUBURN-RED-ET	VG	85	GEN-I-BEQ SAHARA	WESTCOAST HOLSTEINS, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 316-2622
MURRAYHOLM JASPER LILY	VG	85	WILCOXVIEW JASPER-ET	KEARNSVALE FARMS, BERWICK, ON, (613) 984-2348
NATION VALE JETRED JANICE	VG	85	FRADON JET RED	NATION VALLEY FARMS, CHESTERVILLE, ON, (613) 448-3269
NEWWORLD BOGART LIEMI	VG	85	MACOMBER O-MAN BOGART	HESSHOLM HOLSTEINS, KEMPTVILLE, ON, (613) 258-5250
NEWWORLD SUPER LIVELY	VG	85	CHARLESDALE SUPERSTITION-ET	HESSHOLM HOLSTEINS, KEMPTVILLE, ON, (613) 258-5250
NITH CREST MANOMAN CASSIDY	VG	85	LONG-LANGS OMAN OMAN-ET	ERBCREST FARM, MILVERTON, ON, (519) 656-2330
NORTANE MAGIE DAMION	VG	85	ERBACRES DAMION	FERME NORTANE, PRINCEVILLE, PQ, (819) 364-2801
NORTHTAY SHOTGUN EVELYN	VG	85	GEN-I-BEQ SHOTGUN	DAVID G. FAWCETT, WINCHESTER, ON, (613) 774-0214
OCONNORS GARRETT BEAUTIFUL	VG	85	SCHILLVIEW GARRETT-ET	MAPEL WOOD FARMS, JERSEYVILLE, ON, (905) 648-3213
OMBRE DU CLOCHER RAQUEL	VG	85	SIR LINERWAY LIGHTNING-ET	FERME OMBRE DU CLOCHER INC, STE. CECILE DE LEVRARD, PQ, (819) 263-2581
OVERDALE HOWIE BILLIONARE	VG	85	KERNDTWAY HOWIE-ET	OVERDALE FARMS LTD, L'ORIGNAL, ON, (613) 678-5032
PARISBEL DIDA RHAPSODY	VG	85	BEAUCOISE RHAPSODY	SYLVAIN HABEL, PARISVILLE, PQ, (819) 292-2701
PARISO KINGLY KLARA	VG	85	LAJEANTE KINGLY	FERME PARISO INC, PARISVILLE, PQ, (819) 292-1390
PARISO LIGHTNING MIMI	VG	85	SIR LINERWAY LIGHTNING-ET	FERME PARISO INC, PARISVILLE, PQ, (819) 292-1390
PAT-D'OURS SHOTTLE LUMINA	VG	85	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	FERME PAT-D'OURS INC, ST. FLAVIEN, PQ, (418) 728-5175
PAT-D'OURS SHOTTLE SPLASHE	VG	85	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	FERME PAT-D'OURS INC, ST. FLAVIEN, PQ, (418) 728-5175
PAT-D'OURS SPARKLE BITCHE	VG	85	GEN-I-BEQ SPARKLE RED	FERME PAT-D'OURS INC, ST. FLAVIEN, PQ, (418) 728-5175
PENLOW GEO SNAP GOLDWYN	VG	85	BRAEDALE GOLDWYN	PENLOW FARMS, ALMONTE, ON, (613) 256-1894
PERIO FIRMAMENT TOURLOUPSE	VG	85	AMITIES FIRMAMENT	FERME PERIO INC, WOTTON, PQ, (819) 828-2076
PIERSTEIN SANCHEZ ADISON	VG	85	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	DESFORGES HOLSTEIN, STE. SOPHIE D'HALIFAX, PQ, (819) 350-5638
PIERTIN KNOWLEDGE GRACIEUSE	VG	85	SICY KNOWLEDGE	FERME PIERRE COUTURE INC, COMPTON, PQ, (819) 849-6819
PIKABO LARKIN MARIA	VG	85	EMILANE LARKIN	FERME PIKABO ENR, ST. FELIX DE KINGSEY, PQ, (819) 848-2531
PINEHAVEN STALLION LEONA	VG	85	KERNDT STALLION	KEVIN AGNEW, COBDEN, ON, (613) 646-7487
POELMAN DAMION VIXEN	VG	85	ERBACRES DAMION	SUNNY VALE FARM LTD, COWICHAN BAY, BC, (250) 743-7510
POELMAN DUPLEX DISCO	VG	85	MESLAND DUPLEX-ET	SHADYNOOK FARMS LTD, ENDERBY, BC, (604) 309-4578
POELMAN STALLION STACIE	VG	85	KERNDT STALLION	SUNNY VALE FARM LTD, COWICHAN BAY, BC, (250) 743-7510
PREROSS PICOLO MARIDZA	VG	85	LA PRESENTATION PICOLO RED	FERME LAFOUGERE INC, COMPTON, PQ, (819) 849-4449
PREVIEW REDESIGN JENNIFER	VG	85	REGANCREST DESIGN-ET	J VIEW HOLSTEINS, GRINDROD, BC, (250) 838-0556
PRIMAVERA ZULU JINGLE BELL	VG	85	ACECROFT GOLDWYN ZULU ET	FERME PRIMAVERA HOLSTEIN S.E.N.C, WOTTON, PQ, (819) 828-0805
PRINCIPALE MELY STALLION	VG	85	KERNDT STALLION	FERME GOURD'OR S.E.N.C, INVERNESS, PQ, (418) 453-2119
PRINSE PECA JO	VG	85	STANTONS PECA	PRINSE FARMS LTD, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 793-9490
PROGRESSIVE AIRSHOW MAROCH	VG	85	WESSELCREST ALTAAIRSHOW-ET	LUC QUIRION, ST. EPHREM DE BEAUCE, PQ, (418) 484-2399
PROSPERE AFTERSHOCK KARESSE	VG	85	MS ATLEES SHT AFTERSHOCK-ET	FERME PROSPERE INC, ORLEANS, ON, (613) 833-3394
PROSPERE DUPLEX KISHA	VG	85	MESLAND DUPLEX-ET	FERME PROSPERE INC, ORLEANS, ON, (613) 833-3394
PROULADE FABIOLA ABOSOLUTE RED	VG	85	APPLES ABSOLUTE-RED-ET	FERME PROULADE INC, BAIE DU FEBVRE, PQ, (450) 783-6434
PROULADE POMMETTE REDLOU RED	VG	85	FIELDHOUSE REDLOU	FERME PROULADE INC, BAIE DU FEBVRE, PQ, (450) 783-6434
PROULADE PRUNETTE ABSOLUTE RED	VG	85	APPLES ABSOLUTE-RED-ET	FERME PROULADE INC, BAIE DU FEBVRE, PQ, (450) 783-6434
PROVETAZ ATLANTIC MELISE	VG	85	MAPLE-DOWNS-I G W ATLANTIC	FERME JATON & GREMION ENRG, COMPTON, PQ, (819) 849-9456
PROVETAZ BIGSTONE SURPRISE	VG	85	HENDEL BIGSTONE-ET	FERME JATON & GREMION ENRG, COMPTON, PQ, (819) 849-9456
PROVETAZ DUPLEX DAMIENNE	VG	85	MESLAND DUPLEX-ET	FERME JATON & GREMION ENRG, COMPTON, PQ, (819) 849-9456
PROVETAZ FEVER ELLARIVE	VG	85	CRACKHOLM FEVER	FERME JATON & GREMION ENRG, COMPTON, PQ, (819) 849-9456
PROVETAZ FEVER MARIE	VG	85	CRACKHOLM FEVER	FERME JATON & GREMION ENRG, COMPTON, PQ, (819) 849-9456
PROVETAZ GOLDWYN EMYNE	VG	85	BRAEDALE GOLDWYN	FERME JATON & GREMION ENRG, COMPTON, PQ, (819) 849-9456
PROVETAZ SHOTTLE BELSTAR	VG	85	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	FERME JATON & GREMION ENRG, COMPTON, PQ, (819) 849-9456
QUEBECLYNCH ALF FELICIT	VG	85	LESPERRON ALFREDO	FERME QUEBECLYNCH ENRG, COATICOOK, PQ, (819) 849-4317
QUEBECLYNCH ALFREDO FOVINELE	VG	85	LESPERRON ALFREDO	FERME QUEBECLYNCH ENRG, COATICOOK, PQ, (819) 849-4317
QUEBECLYNCH PAY FINA	VG	85	FARNEAR-TBR DAMIN PAYTON-ET	FERME QUEBECLYNCH ENRG, COATICOOK, PQ, (819) 849-4317
QUINNDALE DENZEL OKLAHOMA	VG	85	LA PRESENTATION DENZEL	QUINNDALE HOLSTEINS, GREELY, ON, (613) 821-1487
QUINNDALE DENZEL WILLOW	VG	85	LA PRESENTATION DENZEL	QUINNDALE HOLSTEINS, GREELY, ON, (613) 821-1487
RAELAND SANCHEZ TAILOR	VG	85	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	RAE STADDER, SELKIRK, ON, (905) 776-2122
RANCHEL BALASE HOVIE	VG	85	KERNDTWAY HOWIE-ET	FERME BENIC ENR, INVERNESS, PQ, (819) 389-5463
RANCHEL BOISE DENISON	VG	85	JERLAND DENISON-ET	RAYMOND & NICOLE LAROCHELLE, LYSTER, PQ, (819) 389-5365
RAYON D'OR ALPINE 2ND SHOTTLE	VG	85	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	FERME JOFAMIGO ENR, STE. PERPETUE, PQ, (819) 336-6238
RAYPIEN BAXTER PAM	VG	85	EMERALD-ACR-SA T-BAXTER	FERME R. THERRIEN & FILS INC, ST. SYLVESTRE, PQ, (418) 596-2965
RAYPIEN LAVANGUARD CINDY	VG	85	COMESTAR LAVANGUARD	FERME R. THERRIEN & FILS INC, ST. SYLVESTRE, PQ, (418) 596-2965
RAYVONHILL FANTASY EARA	VG	85	KARONA FANTASY	YVON RAVARY, VANKLEEK HILL, ON, (613) 678-3307
REDLODGE ALEXANDER CHERIE	VG	85	GOLDEN-OAKS ST ALEXANDER-ET	REDLODGE FARMS INC, FINCH, ON, (613) 984-0539
REDSTONE FINAL CUT TAMARA	VG	85	GILLETTE FINAL CUT	STEFAN KUNZ, ST. EUGENE, ON, (613) 674-3116
RENNHEIDE ALICIA BOLTON	VG	85	SANDY-VALLEY BOLTON-ET	FERME RENNHEIDE, WARWICK, PQ, (819) 358-2883
RICAGRI ATLAS MAJAR	VG	85	MD-DELIGHT DURHAM ATLAS-ET	FERME RICAGRI INC, LECLERCVILLE, PQ, (819) 292-2153
RICAGRI OUTBOUND KISMY	VG	85	SCHILLDALE OUTBOUND-ET	FERME RICAGRI INC, LECLERCVILLE, PQ, (819) 292-2153
RITER TOBY ALICE	VG	85	BROWNDALE TOBY	LOOKOUT HOLSTEINS, CANTON DE HATLEY, PQ, (819) 842-3130
RIVERDOWN ALEXANDER LUCKYCHARM	VG	85	GOLDEN-OAKS ST ALEXANDER-ET	RIVERDOWN HOLSTEINS, METCALFE, ON, (613) 821-3421
RIVERDOWN ATWOOD ANGELICA	VG	85	MAPLE-DOWNS-I G W ATWOOD	RIVERDOWN HOLSTEINS, METCALFE, ON, (613) 821-3421
ROCFRAN SYLVA BRONCO	VG	85	END-ROAD O-MAN BRONCO-ET	ROCK TURCOTTE, ST. ADRIEN IRLANDE, PQ, (418) 335-7981
ROCFRAN SYMIRO BRONCO	VG	85	END-ROAD O-MAN BRONCO-ET	ROCK TURCOTTE, ST. ADRIEN IRLANDE, PQ, (418) 335-7981
ROCKLEDGE ROSANN DAMION	VG	85	ERBACRES DAMION	ROCKLEDGE FARMS LTD, ENDERBY, BC, (250) 838-7373
ROCKMARIE LOUISA SAMUELO	VG	85	REGANCREST-MR SAMUELO-ET	FERME ROCKMARIE INC, WARWICK, PQ, (819) 358-6658
ROCKYCREST BOLTON KARMA	VG	85	SANDY-VALLEY BOLTON-ET	ROCKYCREST HOLSTEINS LTD, DUNCAN, BC, (250) 746-1023
ROEMERS MILLION REVANTI	VG	85	ENGLAND-AMMON MILLION-ET	ROEMER FARMS LTD, MILL BAY, BC, (250) 743-9757
ROEMERS TEE OFF ELIZA	VG	85	RIETBEN TEE OFF	ROEMER FARMS LTD, MILL BAY, BC, (250) 743-9757
ROGERST BOLTON PAULA	VG	85	SANDY-VALLEY BOLTON-ET	FERME C. ROGER & FILS INC, ST. PATRICE, PQ, (418) 596-2159
ROGERST HILL MAINA	VG	85	LOTTA-HILL SHOTTLE 41-ET	FERME C. ROGER & FILS INC, ST. PATRICE, PQ, (418) 596-2159
ROGGUA LOU DAISY	VG	85	JENNY-LOU MARSHALL P149-ET	FERME ROGGUA ENR, STANSTEAD, PQ, (819) 876-7659
RONDELAINE DPR ALEX SHAKA	VG	85	GOLDEN-OAKS ST ALEXANDER-ET	FERME RONDELAINE INC, FORTIERVILLE, PQ, (819) 287-4640
ROSE RIDGE SHOTGUN TYRA	VG	85	GEN-I-BEQ SHOTGUN	ROSE RIDGE FARMS, WELLAND, ON, (905) 384-2537
ROSEVINE ATTIC EMPRESS	VG	85	ALLYNDALE-I ATTIC	ROSEVINE FARMS, BERWICK, ON, (613) 984-2017
ROSEVINE ROSE ROYCE BARBIE	VG	85	STERNDALE ROSE ROYCE RED ET	ROSEVINE FARMS, BERWICK, ON, (613) 984-2017
ROSEVINE SANCHEZ DAWN	VG	85	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	ROSEVINE FARMS, BERWICK, ON, (613) 984-2017
ROUTINA CIRCUIT CLAUDY	VG	85	BREEZE HILL CIRCUIT	ROUTINA HOLSTEIN, COATICOOK, PQ, (819) 345-7116
ROUTINA HVEZDA GABRIEL	VG	85	ORBE-VIEW S STRM HVEZDA-ET	ROUTINA HOLSTEIN, COATICOOK, PQ, (819) 345-7116
ROUTINA MILLION MAEVA	VG	85	ENGLAND-AMMON MILLION-ET	ROUTINA HOLSTEIN, COATICOOK, PQ, (819) 345-7116
ROUTINA PROMOTION ALEXE	VG	85	MR DERRY PROMOTION	ROUTINA HOLSTEIN, COATICOOK, PQ, (819) 345-7116
ROVYAIRE DILLY SAMUELO	VG	85	REGANCREST-MR SAMUELO-ET	FERME ROVYAIRE INC, GENTILLY, PQ, (819) 298-2370
RYPSTER BALTIMOR W672	VG	85	REGANCREST BALTIMOR-ET	FRANCIS HYLKEMA, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 792-8299
RYPSTER TOYSTORY W664	VG	85	JENNY-LOU MRSHL TOYSTORY-ET	FRANCIS HYLKEMA, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 792-8299
SAANWOOD LAURIN KELLIE	VG	85	DEN-K MARSHALL LL LAURIN	VIEWFIELD FARMS LTD, COURTENAY, BC, (250) 897-1778
SAANWOOD MILLION GEM	VG	85	ENGLAND-AMMON MILLION-ET	VIEWFIELD FARMS LTD, COURTENAY, BC, (250) 897-1778
SANDY CREST BACON BURGER	VG	85	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	SANDY CREST HOLSTEINS, ARNPRIOR, ON, (613) 623-2556
SANTSCHI ROSEPLEX VALERY	VG	85	MILIBRO DUPLEX ROSEPLEX	WEAVERCROFT INTERNATIONAL, DORCHESTER, ON, (519) 268-2570
SAZIEMAZ DUPLEX KEIDIE	VG	85	MESLAND DUPLEX-ET	PHILIPPE & LAURENCE GUTKNECHT, NEWINGTON, ON, (613) 984-2696
SAZIEMAZ SHOTTLE KALETTIA	VG	85	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	PHILIPPE & LAURENCE GUTKNECHT, NEWINGTON, ON, (613) 984-2696
SCHA-WAY ADVENT ELIZA-RED	VG	85	KHW KITE ADVENT-RED-ET	NICOLE PARKINSON, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 858-3498
SEELBY DRAKE CANTA	VG	85	FAR-O-LA DEBBIE-JO DRAKE-ET	SEELBY HOLSTEINS LTD, SEELEYS BAY, ON, (613) 387-3285
SEELBY DUPLEX CHAVI	VG	85	MESLAND DUPLEX-ET	SEELBY HOLSTEINS LTD, SEELEYS BAY, ON, (613) 387-3285
SEMIAULT RIKKI SHOTTLE 210	VG	85	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	KLOOT FARMS LTD, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 792-5849
SESSINK PERFECT MALHA	VG	85	SESSINK PERFECT BULL	SESSINK ENR, KEURENTJES, HENRYVILLE, PQ, (450) 299-2572
SESSINK TY BOLTON ANTONINE	VG	85	SANDY-VALLEY BOLTON-ET	SESSINK ENR, KEURENTJES, HENRYVILLE, PQ, (450) 299-2572
SHEAROAD BOULEVARD TILLBIT	VG	85	SHEAROAD BOULEVARD	SHEAROAD FARMS, RICHMOND, ON, (613) 838-5578
SHYLANE PIRATE PARODY	VG	85	BOSDALE PIRATE	JOHN MCCALLUM, STRATFORD, ON, (519) 625-8069
SIGNATURE CHEZ VALENCIA	VG	85	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	SIGNATURE HOLSTEINS, MORRISBURG, ON, (613) 543-4461
SIGNATURE M DELUXE	VG	85	ENGLAND-AMMON MILLION-ET	PHOENIX BROS, GREENBANK, ON, (905) 985-1538
SILDAJAK DEBONAIR SPYDER	VG	85	SCIENTIFIC DEBONAIR-RED-ETS	SILDAJAK HOLSTEIN, EMBRUN, ON, (613) 808-8668
SILVERMAPLE TEE OFF RAE	VG	85	RIETBEN TEE OFF	BEN & SUZANNE CUTHBERT, LADYSMITH, BC, (250) 245-3299
SIMAL XACOBEO ROSE	VG	85	MARIO XACOBEO ET	FERME SIMAL, PRINCEVILLE, PQ, (819) 364-3485
SKYEGLEN TALENT JOJO	VG	85	LADINO PARK TALENT-IMP-ET	FERME DE LA ROUTE INC, STE. AGATHE DE LOTBINIERE, PQ, (418) 599-2795
SMYGWATYS ALEXANDER WANETIA	VG	85	GOLDEN-OAKS ST ALEXANDER-ET	RAYMOND J. SMYGWATY, RUSSELL, ON, (613) 445-8616
SMYGWATYS SANCHEZ EMILY	VG	85	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	BREEZE HILL HOLSTEINS, WINCHESTER, ON, (613) 821-3906
SNOWDAME GOLDROY BLACK BETTY	VG	85	UFM-DUBS GOLDROY-ET	SNOWDAME FARM, MERRICKVILLE, ON, (613) 269-4237
SNOWDAME GOLDWYN GOLDENGIRL	VG	85	BRAEDALE GOLDWYN	SNOWDAME FARM, MERRICKVILLE, ON, (613) 269-4237
SPRINGBEND DENISON YELLOW	VG	85	JERLAND DENISON-ET	SPRINGBEND FARMS, ENDERBY, BC, (250) 838-7733
SPRINGBEND DINAMO FC	VG	85	GILLETTE FINAL CUT	SPRINGBEND FARMS, ENDERBY, BC, (250) 838-7733
SPRINGBEND GOLDEN DESERT STORM	VG	85	BRAEDALE GOLDWYN	CHRIS DEWITT, JR, SICAMOUS, BC, (250) 836-4271
SPRINGBEND GOLDWYN AYEISHA	VG	85	BRAEDALE GOLDWYN	T & L CATTLE LTD, ROSEDALE, BC, (604) 794-7813
STANHOPE DELILAH GOLDWYN	VG	85	BRAEDALE GOLDWYN	STANHOPE DAIRY FARM LTD, VICTORIA, BC, (250) 652-3654
STANHOPE TRIX SANCHEZ	VG	85	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	STANHOPE DAIRY FARM LTD, VICTORIA, BC, (250) 652-3654
STEPIDO ARBOR ANIKA	VG	85	WABASH-WAY ARBOR-ET	FERME PAT-D'OURS INC, ST. FLAVIEN, PQ, (418) 728-5175
STEVAIN LAVANGUARD SHEDAISY	VG	85	COMESTAR LAVANGUARD	FERME DES SOMMETS, ASCOT CORNER, PQ, (819) 562-6466
STRUYS BONAIR FLOWER	VG	85	KARONA BONAIR	STRUYS FARMS LTD, AGASSIZ, BC, (604) 796-8901
SUMMERSHADE ELITA BOLTON	VG	85	SANDY-VALLEY BOLTON-ET	SUMMERSHADE FARMS LTD, ABBOTSFORD, BC, (604) 826-4223
SUMMERSHADE ELLIFRANCE	VG	85	SUMMERSHADE FRANCE WILDMAN	SUMMERSHADE FARMS LTD, ABBOTSFORD, BC, (604) 826-4223
SUMMERSHADE FAWN BOLTON	VG	85	SANDY-VALLEY BOLTON-ET	SUMMERSHADE FARMS LTD, ABBOTSFORD, BC, (604) 826-4223
SUMMERSHADE FONDA SHOTTLE	VG	85	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	SUMMERSHADE FARMS LTD, ABBOTSFORD, BC, (604) 826-4223
SUMMERSHADE KRISTIN MILLION	VG	85	ENGLAND-AMMON MILLION-ET	SUMMERSHADE FARMS LTD, ABBOTSFORD, BC, (604) 826-4223
SUMMERSHADE MONSHOTTLE	VG	85	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	SUMMERSHADE FARMS LTD, ABBOTSFORD, BC, (604) 826-4223
SUNCOUNTRY JADE DAMION	VG	85	ERBACRES DAMION	SUNCOUNTRY HOLSTEINS LTD, ARMSTRONG, BC, (250) 546-3457
SUNCOUNTRY LILIAN BLITZ	VG	85	FUSTEAD EMORY BLITZ-ET	SUNCOUNTRY HOLSTEINS LTD, ARMSTRONG, BC, (250) 546-3457
SUNNINGHILL DUSK SITKA	VG	85	SCIENTIFIC SS DUSK-ET	SUNNINGHILL HOLSTEINS, GRINDROD, BC, (250) 838-7086
SUNNINGHILL TARMAC DANICA	VG	85	ALTA TARMAC	SUNNINGHILL HOLSTEINS, GRINDROD, BC, (250) 838-7086
SUNNYHOME BURNS RED RETA	VG	85	DUDOC MR BURNS	SUNNYHOME FARMS LTD, SALMON ARM, BC, (250) 832-6152
SUNNYHOME DAMION MATILDA	VG	85	ERBACRES DAMION	SUNNYHOME FARMS LTD, SALMON ARM, BC, (250) 832-6152
SUNNYHOME DENZEL MADONNA	VG	85	LA PRESENTATION DENZEL	SUNNYHOME FARMS LTD, SALMON ARM, BC, (250) 832-6152
SUNNYHOME SHOTTLE MAGENTA	VG	85	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	SUNNYHOME FARMS LTD, SALMON ARM, BC, (250) 832-6152
SUNNYHOME SHOTTLE MULBERRY	VG	85	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	SUNNYHOME FARMS LTD, SALMON ARM, BC, (250) 832-6152
SUTHERHILL SHOTTLE LIL	VG	85	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	T & L CATTLE LTD, ROSEDALE, BC, (604) 794-7813
SYLVESTIVALE BOLTON SPENZA	VG	85	SANDY-VALLEY BOLTON-ET	FERME SYLVESTIVALE INC, ST. SYLVESTRE, PQ, (418) 596-3113
SYLVINIERE SAHARA SONIA	VG	85	GEN-I-BEQ SAHARA	ALAIN BILODEAU, ST. SYLVESTRE, PQ, (418) 596-2007
TIPPER CLOVER DIXIE	VG	85	SHERONA-HILL-I RED CLOVER	JAMES J. TIMS, ALMONTE, ON, (613) 256-2056
TOLAMIKA RITZY DEBONAIR	VG	85	SCIENTIFIC DEBONAIR-RED-ETS	BRADNER FARMS, ABBOTSFORD, BC, (604) 856-8143
TOLAMIKA SHOTTLE ERENA	VG	85	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	CHRIS DEWITT, JR, SICAMOUS, BC, (250) 836-4271
TOLAMIKA TOYSTORY FRAZZY	VG	85	JENNY-LOU MRSHL TOYSTORY-ET	ROLLEYVIEW FARMS, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 792-6964
TOPFARM SHOTTLE GEMINI	VG	85	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	TOPFARM HOLSTEINS, OSGOODE, ON, (613) 826-2257
TUYTEL GOLDWYN LOVELY	VG	85	BRAEDALE GOLDWYN	BEN & SUZANNE CUTHBERT, LADYSMITH, BC, (250) 245-3299
TWINPEAK DUNDEE ISABEL	VG	85	REGANCREST DUNDEE-ET	PENLOW FARMS, ALMONTE, ON, (613) 256-1894
VALEDOORN TAXI AMMIE	VG	85	PRIDE ALTATAXI-ET	VALEDOORN FARMS INC, AGASSIZ, BC, (604) 796-2773
VALPIERRE YAMASKA	VG	85		FERME VALPIERRE INC, MANSEAU, PQ, (819) 356-2090
VANCEY WILMA SANCHEZ	VG	85	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	VANCE CREEK DAIRIES, LUMBY, BC, (250) 547-6600
VANGARD YVONNE A BERNIE	VG	85	GINARY ALTABERNIE	VAN GARD FARMS LTD, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 490-4904
VANVALLEY LAVANGUARD SUE	VG	85	COMESTAR LAVANGUARD	WESTCOAST HOLSTEINS, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 316-2622
VEDDERLEA ACCAPULCO FATIMA	VG	85	DUPASQUIER ACCAPULCO	VEDDERLEA FARM LTD, ABBOTSFORD, BC, (604) 557-1769
VEDDERLEA BUCKSHOT EILEEN	VG	85	STANTONS SHOTTLE	VEDDERLEA FARM LTD, ABBOTSFORD, BC, (604) 557-1769
VEDDERLEA SANCHEZ JOAQINA	VG	85	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	VEDDERLEA FARM LTD, ABBOTSFORD, BC, (604) 557-1769
VELLHAVEN ALI BAROQUE LIBERTY	VG	85	MAGOR BAROQUE ALLEN ET	VELLHAVEN FARMS INC, SMITHVILLE, ON, (905) 957-6547
VELLHAVEN GOLDWYN RAVE ON	VG	85	BRAEDALE GOLDWYN	VELLHAVEN FARMS INC, SMITHVILLE, ON, (905) 957-6547
VELTHUIS MOM LAURA	VG	85	LONG-LANGS OMAN OMAN-ET	VELTHUIS FARMS LTD, OSGOODE, ON, (613) 826-3521
VELTHUIS S G NIAGRA ALWAYS	VG	85	RI-VAL-RE 2338 NIAGRA-ET	SILVERRIDGE FARMS LTD, SPRINGFIELD, ON, (519) 808-6848
VELTHUIS SG SUPER ARCTIC	VG	85	CHARLESDALE SUPERSTITION-ET	SILVERRIDGE FARMS LTD, SPRINGFIELD, ON, (519) 808-6848
VERDA SHOTTLE TOPAZ	VG	85	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	DAVID WIDEMAN, ATWOOD, ON, (519) 356-9094
VIDIA DEMELLO MARJOLAINE	VG	85	SCIENTIFIC DEMELLO-ET	FERME VIDIA INC, PRINCEVILLE, PQ, (819) 364-2340
VIDIA PICOLLO ROSIE	VG	85	LA PRESENTATION PICOLO RED	FERME VIDIA INC, PRINCEVILLE, PQ, (819) 364-2340
VIDIA PICOLO MYSTERE	VG	85	LA PRESENTATION PICOLO RED	FERME VIDIA INC, PRINCEVILLE, PQ, (819) 364-2340
VOGELDALE SONAR NOBILITY	VG	85	VELTHUIS SONAR	MAX VOGEL, PORTLAND, ON, (613) 275-2956
VYECROFT WINNIE DEMELLO	VG	85	SCIENTIFIC DEMELLO-ET	BRINKLAND DAIRY LTD, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 823-6390
WALNUTKNOLL ARTIE JANINE	VG	85	GREENLEA ARTIE-RED-ET	AUSTIN MILLER, STEVENSVILLE, ON, (905) 382-3843
WATAVUE ROBERTA WYCLIFF	VG	85	GILLETTE WYCLIFF	FERME LANSI, ST. ALBERT, PQ, (819) 352-1066
WEDGWOOD KNOWLEDGE EVE	VG	85	SICY KNOWLEDGE	WEDGWOOD HOLSTEINS, COBBLE HILL, BC, (250) 743-4341
WEDGWOOD SAMANTHA GOLDWYN	VG	85	BRAEDALE GOLDWYN	STANHOPE DAIRY FARM LTD, VICTORIA, BC, (250) 652-3654
WEDGWOOD SAMMIE GOLDWYN	VG	85	BRAEDALE GOLDWYN	STANHOPE DAIRY FARM LTD, VICTORIA, BC, (250) 652-3654
WEDGWOOD TEE OFF RACHEL	VG	85	RIETBEN TEE OFF	WEDGWOOD HOLSTEINS, COBBLE HILL, BC, (250) 743-4341
WEEBERLAC DAMION VOKA LIME	VG	85	ERBACRES DAMION	TIM & DIANE GRONIGER, CARLSBAD SPRINGS, ON, (613) 822-2358
WEENBROOK UNICE SAHARA	VG	85	GEN-I-BEQ SAHARA	WEENBROOK FARMS, MALLORYTOWN, ON, (613) 923-5450
WERCAT MAGGO LYNDON	VG	85	GENERVATIONS LYNDON	FERME WERCAT S.E.N.C, ST. SYLVERE, PQ, (819) 285-2347
WERNAKAL WILDFIRE AMAZING	VG	85	MR ATLEES ALTAAMAZING-ET	SPRINGBEND FARMS, ENDERBY, BC, (250) 838-7733
WESTAR BELL G W ATWOOD 0173	VG	85	MAPLE-DOWNS-I G W ATWOOD	WESTAR HOLSTEINS, ROSEDALE, BC, (604) 792-7321
WESTERNROSE 1386 BUCKEYE	VG	85	R-E-W BUCKEYE-ET	ROSE GATE DAIRY FARMS LTD, MATSQUI, BC, (604) 556-8701
WESTERNROSE CHAMPION 1721	VG	85	CALBRETT-I H H CHAMPION	ROSE GATE DAIRY FARMS LTD, MATSQUI, BC, (604) 556-8701
WIKKSVIEW LAUTHORITY RAINBOW	VG	85	COMESTAR LAUTHORITY	WIKKSVIEW FARM LTD, COBBLE HILL, BC, (250) 743-7396
WIKKSVIEW LAUTHORITY VICKY	VG	85	COMESTAR LAUTHORITY	WIKKSVIEW FARM LTD, COBBLE HILL, BC, (250) 743-7396
WILLSWIKK ALEXANDER FLORRIE	VG	85	GOLDEN-OAKS ST ALEXANDER-ET	J. WILLIAM WIKKERINK FARMS LTD, COBBLE HILL, BC, (250) 743-9276
WILLSWIKK ATWOOD JUBILEE	VG	85	MAPLE-DOWNS-I G W ATWOOD	J. WILLIAM WIKKERINK FARMS LTD, COBBLE HILL, BC, (250) 743-9276
WILLSWIKK DINO BEAUTY	VG	85	WILLSWIKK DINO RED	J. WILLIAM WIKKERINK FARMS LTD, COBBLE HILL, BC, (250) 743-9276
WILLSWIKK DUSK SHAY	VG	85	SCIENTIFIC SS DUSK-ET	J. WILLIAM WIKKERINK FARMS LTD, COBBLE HILL, BC, (250) 743-9276
WILLSWIKK GOLDWYN MOLLY	VG	85	BRAEDALE GOLDWYN	J. WILLIAM WIKKERINK FARMS LTD, COBBLE HILL, BC, (250) 743-9276
WILLSWIKK KNOWLEDGE DENAE	VG	85	SICY KNOWLEDGE	J. WILLIAM WIKKERINK FARMS LTD, COBBLE HILL, BC, (250) 743-9276
WILLSWIKK SANCHEZ MELANIE	VG	85	GEN-MARK STMATIC SANCHEZ	J. WILLIAM WIKKERINK FARMS LTD, COBBLE HILL, BC, (250) 743-9276
WILLSWIKK SHOTTLE RAMONA	VG	85	PICSTON SHOTTLE-ET	WESTCOAST HOLSTEINS, CHILLIWACK, BC, (604) 316-2622
WILLSWIKK STALLION RASPBERRY	VG	85	KERNDT STALLION	J. WILLIAM WIKKERINK FARMS LTD, COBBLE HILL, BC, (250) 743-9276
WISSELVIEW ARTIE JEWEL	VG	85	GREENLEA ARTIE-RED-ET	WISSELVIEW FARMS, PITT MEADOWS, BC, (604) 465-4118
WISSELVIEW OUTBACK MICKY	VG	85	CEDARWAL OUTBACK 714	WISSELVIEW FARMS, PITT MEADOWS, BC, (604) 465-4118
WOUTERS STEADY BOOBOO	VG	85	STANTONS STEADY	MOONLIGHT HOLSTEINS, CAISTOR CENTRE, ON, (519) 788-6917
ZUGER INNOCENT THREA	VG	85	PENNVIEW INNOCENT	FERME ZUGER, LYSTER, PQ, (819) 389-1038

* BEI (Bullvine Efficiency Index) – each sire’s ranking is as a percent of the top sire

This group of sires contains bulls that are both well known and not so well known to breeders. Supersire and Lexor stand out with high ratings in all categories contained in the table. Lexor and Lanyard are full brothers.

International Proven Sires

Table 4 contains the top ten BEI sires from the US Holstein and CDN MACE listings for top daughter proven sires.

Name	Udder Score	Feet & Legs Score	Final Score	Owner	State
KINGSWAY GOLDWYN ARTICHOKE-ET	88	90	89	Ehrhardt Farms Inc & Gene Iager	MD
MS KEN-DREN SANCHEZ FEATHER	90	90	89	Todd N. Wendorf & Douglas D. Lemke	WI
MS ROCKLEDGE SNCHEZ JAZZ-ET	90	90	89	Jeff Morris Koster	TX
ROCKLAN-T ATWOOD RALLY-ET	90	87	89	Michael J. Garrow	NY
LUCK-E BRAXTON MAEVE	90	87	89	Dalton Engel	IL
CONANT-ACRES AFTSHOCK TRINA	91	85	89	Conant Acres, Inc.	ME
OAKFIELD ATWOOD HORIZON-ET	88	87	88	Michael J. Garrow	NY
FLEURY DAMION CARAIBE	90	83	88	Pat Conroy	IN
CHARWILL ATTIC MARCY	88	88	88	Gen-Com Holstein Ltd
DOUGAL LEA GOLDWYN DANITA-ET	88	87	88	Gen-Com Holstein Ltd
LEACHLAND GOLD MEDAL	90	86	88	Ehrhardt Farms Inc & Gene Iager	MD
HOFF-HILL ATLANTIC GLOW	87	90	88	Adam Hoff	TX
BVK ATWOOD ANGIE-ET	87	85	88	Catlin E. Christman	MD
FROZENES SANCHEZ CLAUDIA	90	87	88	Chad J. Ryan	WI
SHEBS GOLDWYN HAWAII-ET	89	86	88	Woodcrest Dairy LLC	NY
LOCUST-RIDGE PLAID BEANIE	88	86	88	Robert A. Johnson	MD
WHITTIER-CF ATWOOD LOVE-ET	88	86	88	Golden Oaks Farm	IL
STONE-HAUS ALEX G6-ET	88	86	88	Glen S. Zimmerman	PA
COCALICO BRADELL PARIS	88	90	88	Paul B. Zimmerman, Jr	PA
MB-LUCKYLADY ATWOOD 5590-ET	87	88	88	Durrer Dairy	CA
PARKACRES AB FRANNIE-RED-ET	89	87	88	Jason M. & Donna G. Myers	MD
REGANCREST GOLD BILLI-J-ET	88	87	88	Golden Oaks Farm	IL
MS T-FARM ZBW BIGTIME PIECE	90	84	88	Woodcrest Dairy LLC	NY
ZBW-JP AT LAST-ET	88	88	88	Kevin & Barbara Ziemba & Woodcrest Dairy LLC	NY
PUTNAM-FARM DSTRY JASMYN-TW	87	86	88	William & Cynthia &Richard & Shannon Allyn	NH
MS DREAMSALIVE SA PATTYCAKE	87	87	88	Robert & Joyce Ringler Hoffman & Terry Kuehn	PA
STOLHAVEN SOVRGN DIAMOND-ET	89	86	88	G. Alpheus Stoltzfus	PA
DIRIGO-CONANT ATWOOD RANDI	87	88	88	Duane Conant & Steve Keene	ME
CONANT-ACRES ATWOOD FARRAH	90	87	88	Conant Acres, Inc.	ME
CONANT-ACRES SANCHEZ CAMMI	90	84	88	Conant Acres, Inc.	ME
CONANT-ACRES ALEX ADA	88	90	88	Conant Acres, Inc.	ME
CONANT-ACRES BRAXTON FAYME	89	87	88	Conant Acres, Inc.	ME
DIRIGO-CONANT SANCHEZ RICKI	90	86	88	Duane Conant & Steve Keene	ME
CONANT-ACRES ATWD FLAIR-ET	90	86	88	Conant Acres, Inc.	ME
DIRIGO BRAXTON JORJA	90	87	88	Brian R. Keene	ME
WESTPHALIA SS AMARYLLIS-RED	90	85	88	Grady Wendorf	WI
ROUND-HILL REALITY FIONA-TW	86	87	88	Shelby Iager	MD
RMW SANCHEZ ATHENA-ET	88	87	88	Nicholas John Raggi	MD
MOUNTFIELD SH ATW R12124-ET	88	82	88	Spruce-Haven Farm	NY
KAY-BEN ATWOOD CREAM CHEESE	89	87	88	Eben J. Benson	ME
MEY-VILLA SANCHEZ FLITTER	90	83	88	Jerome E. Meyer	WI
KEVREL MANOMAN MIA-ET	90	86	88	F. Kevin Leaverton	MD
GOLDEN-OAKS ATWD CHARLA-ET	90	84	88	Golden Oaks Farm	IL
P-ZBW SANCHEZ TRIUMPH-ET	88	83	88	Woodcrest Dairy LLC	NY
SAVAGE-LEIGH PS LELA-ET	90	85	87	Savage-Leigh Farm	MD
OCD PICOLO LACY-ET	87	86	87	Laura Emerson & Brent A Ashley	DE
RONBETH HD DAMION DANCER	87	85	87	Brent R. Zimmerman	MD
ROCKYMOUNTAIN MANOMAN DIMPL-ET	88	86	87	Alphagen Syndicate & Ferme Jolicap Inc	WI
SILVERMAPLE BOLTON CAMEO	86	86	87	Golden Oaks & Nick Raggi	IL
RAINYRIDGE DESTINY BIANCA-ET	87	82	87	Gene Iager & St Jacobs ABC, Inc	MD
KINGSWAY ATWOOD DELICATE	88	84	87	Ehrhardt Farms Inc & Gene Iager	MD
CAVA-LANES PRNT SHANTELE-ET	88	79	87	Aaron Hass & Todd Cavanaugh	WI
ROXY-DANE SPIRTE ROCHELLE	86	83	87	Seth Elsner	WI
HAGEN S-STORM CHEROKEE	86	86	87	Keith Hagen	WI
CAR-BON SANCHEZ AKIRA	86	86	87	Thomas J. Bunkoske	WI
MD-HEAVENSENT ABSO MAGNAFIC	86	88	87	Macayla Wiles	MD
BVK ATWOOD ABILENE-ET	85	88	87	Mike & Megan Moede	WI
DONWEN SIZZLE GABRIEL	87	82	87	Donald R. Wendlandt, Jr.	WI
ABRAXAS ACCOLD RD BL MISS	86	86	87	Michael J. Garrow	NY
HAGEN SANCHEZ BANDIT	88	82	87	Keith Hagen	WI
OCEAN-VIEW SHOTLE SHERRY	88	83	87	Mark Rueth & Jeff Woods	WI
MICHIGAN DN SLUSHIE 4685-ET	89	84	87	Michigan State University	MI
WHIT-HART AFTSHK CLIMAX-ET	87	86	87	Shelby Iager	MD
SMITH-CREST-TW J VIDALLIA	90	78	87	Joshua R Butler	WI
MS PEACE&PLENTY FRISKY	88	86	87	Richard Schwartzbeck & Byron Stambaugh	MD
MARTIN-PLACE DUNDEE TRU	88	83	87	Ashley Mariah Martin	ME
GOLDFAWN SANZ ELLI	87	86	87	Nathan M. Goldenberg	TX
PROBERT Z SOLIS	87	83	87	Kate Smith & Pam Probert	WI
SMITH-CREST GIBSON MARY	90	83	87	Travis Smith	WI
ROCKLAN-T ATWOOD ROXANNE-ET	87	84	87	Michael J. Garrow	NY
KMH MONUMENT JADE	88	83	87	Brian Edward Rohloff	WI
ROSEDALE TENACIOUS ROSE-ET	88	85	87	Rosedale Genetics Ltd	WI
STARWARD SANCHEZ JUBILEE-ET	88	85	87	Darwin D. Sneller	MI
ALMOST-MINE R PERFCT-RED-ET	87	85	87	Almost Mine Farm	WI
UNICORN ATTIC GIGI	88	83	87	Sarah Davis	MD
RALMA MANOMAN BLUEJAY-ET	88	85	87	Ringhill Holsteins & DeWeerd Farms Inc
MD-MAPLE-DELL AFTER GENA	87	84	87	Patrick Bros.	MD
MD-MAPLE-DELL SANCHEZ IMARA	87	87	87	Patrick Bros.	MD
ME-DO-CREST LHEROS IVY	87	83	87	Me-Do Meadows	WI
REGAN-BH-ALH M DANNAH-ET	88	85	87	Woodcrest Dairy LLC	NY
LUCK-E SHOTTLE TRINITY-ET	87	85	87	Matt L. Engel	IL
LUCK-E BRAXTON RIDDLE-TW	86	83	87	Matt L. Engel	IL
LUCK-E BRAXTON KAMEKO-ET	87	85	87	Joseph M. Engel	IL
LUCK-E BRAXTON KUMIKO	86	84	87	Joseph M. Engel	IL
LUCK-E ABSOLUTE BABE-RED-ET	87	85	87	Matt L. Engel	IL
VIEW-HOME TIME DASHEA	86	87	87	Country Dairy, Inc.	MI
WINDSOR-MANOR SAN ZSAZSA-ET	87	86	87	Jason M. & Donna G. Myers	MD
WINDSOR-MANOR RAZZLEDAZZLE	88	84	87	Kelsey Zepp	MD
BURLEDGE JASPER PRADA	88	85	87	Ray & Rae Nell Halbur	WI
CLEAR-ECHO M-O-M 2150-ET	90	82	87	De Su Holsteins LLC	IA
BRIGEEN SHOTTLE GIGI-ET	87	84	87	Vivian Briggs	ME
CO-OP SUPER JULITA-ET	88	82	87	Genesis Cooperative Herd	WI
CONANT-ACRES AFTRSHK LUSTRE	88	88	87	Duane W. Conant	ME
SELLCREST DBONAIR RITA-RED	90	82	87	Allen & Shirley Sell	WI
NO-LIMIT SHOTTLE LICORICE	87	85	87	Durrer Dairy & MB Luckylady Farm	CA
KLASSENS SANCHEZ JAMIE-3773	86	86	87	Jeff Morris Koster	TX
GOLDEN-OAKS AS CHARITY-ET	86	82	87	Golden Oaks Farm	IL
GOLDEN-OAKS GWYN CHRISTA-ET	87	84	87	Golden Oaks Farm	IL
GOLDEN-OAKS-NR GABRIELA	88	82	87	Golden Oaks & Nick Raggi	IL
DRENDEL-PM DAMION ELOISE	87	84	87	Kristina Drendel	IL
LINDALE SANCHEZ TATIANA	88	83	87	Dale & Linda Drendel	IL
TEX-STEIN COLBY PERRI	88	86	87	Robert E. Steinberger, Sr.	TX
TEX-STEIN PONTIAC GRACE	86	88	87	Gavin Steinberger	TX
TEX-STEIN PONTIAC FIREBIRD	90	82	87	Gavin Steinberger	TX
TEX-STEIN DEUCE HEIDY	89	83	87	Robert E. Steinberger, Sr.	TX
FARNEAR B ABBIE AKA	88	85	87	Rick & Tom Simon	IA
FLICKSTEAD SHOTTLE 1529	87	86	87	Diane G. Flickinger	MD
MS CRESCENTMEAD DANIE-ET	88	83	87	Budjon Farms, Peter C. Vail & Pierre Boulet	WI
GBM ATWOOD ACCENT-ET	88	85	87	Mark Douglas Cain	DE
BUCHHOLZ BALTIMOR HAMBONE	87	85	87	James & Susan Buchholz	WI
BEAVER-FLATS ALEX CORKY-ET	88	86	87	Jeffrey D. Dana	NY
MISS REAL HOT-RED	87	82	87	Troy Wendorf	WI
VISION-GEN SH SHO A12037-ET	88	83	87	Rick & Tom Simon,B & T Rauen & Butz-Hill Hol.	IA
VISION-GEN SUP GUVA-C037-ET	90	83	87	Woodcrest Dairy LLC	NY
LADYS-MANOR GINGERSNAP-TW	87	87	87	Ladys Manor LLC	MD
LADYS-MANOR FRD GIZELLE-ET	89	83	87	Ladys Manor LLC	MD
LEEMODE BRAXTON PONTIA	90	83	87	Ross W. Lee	CA
EHRHARDT GOLDWYN BRITNEY-ET	88	87	87	Ehrhardt Farms, Inc.	MD
COLDSPRINGS BRODY 4093	87	84	87	Matthew M. Hoff	MD
COLDSPRINGS DUSK 4095	88	83	87	Courtney K. Hoff	MD
KEVREL PLANET MIA-ET	90	85	87	F. Kevin Leaverton	MD
GOLDEN-OAKS CARLA-RED	88	86	87	Golden Oaks Farm	IL
STAR-ROCK EMPHASIS 6427	88	87	87	Star Rock Farms	PA
DURCHAN ALLEN DELIGHT-ET	86	90	87	Kingstead Farms & Tom Mercuro	MD
ROSEDALE LIFE IS SWEET-ET	90	81	87	Rosedale Genetics Ltd	WI
ROSEDALE LUCK WITH A KISS	87	90	87	Rosedale Genetics Ltd	WI
JENESIS-B KYLE NAOMI	87	85	86	Tom & Jacqueline Barends	MI
L-C-V BRAXTON LILLY 2067	86	85	86	Macey B Vieira	CA
L-C-V LOTHARIO SARY 2164	88	83	86	Macey B Vieira	CA
AARDEMA DORCY 84309	86	83	86	Double A Dairy	ID
CRAVE BALTIMOR BLUES 6291	85	85	86	Crave Brothers Farm LLC	WI
COSTA-VIEW BOLTON 41447	88	82	86	Costa-View Farms	CA
GROSS-FARM OUTSIDE HONEY	86	85	86	Norman Gross	MI
COSTA-VIEW AL 39808-ET	85	87	86	Joseph Azevedo	CA
B-HIDDENHILLS BEACN 1298-ET	86	86	86	Hidden Hills Dairy	MI
RUGG-DOC AFTRSHOCK CARAH-ET	88	83	86	Jeff Rugg	WI
CITYVIEW GOLDWYN ACE	88	84	86	Richard A. & K. Lisa Schwartzbeck	MD
BUTZ-BUTLER JASPR ASPIRE	86	85	86	Mary Feucht	WI
NINE-CEES LARAMEE SKY	85	84	86	Nine Cees Dairy	WI
POLLACK-VU IS LOW RIDER	86	82	86	Steven & Dori Lichty	WI
MISTY-Z ROY JAZZY	86	85	86	Dale L. Zimmerman	PA
GOLDFAWN-SYM JASPER JODI	85	83	86	Addison Anne Goldenberg	TX
WILDWEED ATLAS DINA	86	82	86	James, Kari & Linda Behling	WI
FISCHERDALE SANCHEZ JUDY-ET	90	80	86	Kamphuis Farms LLC	WI
GLEN-TOCTIN GOLD LEENA-ET	86	83	86	Katelyn M. Allen	MD
PHEASANT-ECHOS SHOTL ELAINE	88	85	86	Byron & Deborah Stambaugh	MD
PHEASANT-ECHOS MILN DARLENE	87	83	86	Trinity Kaye Miller	MD
VALMONT HARRY SHADE DELLA	86	82	86	Aaron A. & Aaron L. Widrick	NY
MAPLEGRAND SHOTTLE GABBY	86	82	86	Maplegrand Farms	NY
BUDJON-JK DURHAM EARRING	85	82	86	Budjon Farms & Joel Kietzman	WI
GLORYLAND-SA SONYA RAE-ET	87	86	86	James R. Putman	NY
GLEN-TOCTIN SUPER LAVENA-ET	88	85	86	Ladys Manor LLC	MD
PLAYBALL MOM LITTLE	86	87	86	Tim Schmitt	IA
RYAN-VU PRONTO KORRAL	86	86	86	Mark J. Ryan	WI
CLELAND MR BURNS ANNIE	85	85	86	Jason J. Cleland	WI
GALESTONE PASSION-ET	86	85	86	Robert A. Johnson	MD
ABRAXAS DEBONRRD BARBIE	87	82	86	Michael Faucher	NY
WILDWEED TOUCHDOWN CARMEL	86	85	86	Frank Behling	WI
ROCKLAN ADVENT REGAN-ET	86	82	86	Michael J. Garrow	NY
ROKEYROAD ATWOOD ELSIE-ET	86	83	86	Mason Dairy Farm LLC	OK
MICHIGAN DN ROUGHIE 4686-ET	89	78	86	Michigan State University	MI
PERLANE BOHNVIEW J FANTASIA	86	85	86	Daniel Bohn	WI
HOWARDVIEWWG SUPR AMBRIA-ET	86	84	86	Logan A. Zanzalari	IN
OUR-BEST SHINING STAR-TW	86	82	86	Mark & Joseph Wolf	WI
HOFF-HILL SANCHEZ TWINKIE	85	86	86	Adam Hoff	TX
DESTINY-ROAD DUSK DYNAMITE	87	85	86	Jay Stoltzfus	PA
CLASS-E CLASSIC CHEDDAR-ET	86	85	86	Lucas & Eric Moser	MI
HEADWATER LENNY JENNY	90	81	86	Eric Sherman	NY
ABRAXAS GABOR MOONSHINE	86	86	86	Carl, Samuel & Aaron Moore	NY
INSPIRACRES DEBON FAY-RED	86	85	86	Steve & Sharon Patterson	WI
WA-DEL SUPER BATHSHEBA-ET	87	82	86	Rick L. Wadel	PA
MD-LOCUSTCREST ARTIE MILKY	87	81	86	Md-Locust Crest	MD
SMITH-CREST FR IDEE-ET	86	80	86	Matt & Travis Smith	WI
AEBI-THAL ATWOOD RENE	87	84	86	Jim Abey	WI
PROTEGE RIANNA ROSE	87	82	86	Colt & Nikki Voegeli	WI
CLOVER-PRAIRIE 5038 JEWEL	85	83	86	Kyle A. Batista	CA
PHEASANT-ECHOS TURVY-RED-ET	87	83	86	Kenny Stambaugh	MD
MAPLEGRAND SANCHEZ PAL	87	83	86	Maplegrand Farms	NY
ROSSDALE KNOWLEDGE ROYCE-ET	83	86	86	Woodcrest Dairy LLC	NY
ROCKLAN-T GOLDWYN TOPS-ET	86	87	86	Michael J. Garrow	NY
BEE-BOW SHOTTLE PARFAIT-ET	87	87	86	Kamphuis Farms LLC	WI
IDEAL-KR IVANKA	86	86	86	Rosedale Genetics Ltd	WI
PHEASANT-ECHOS PHNX LEANDRA	87	83	86	Byron & Deborah Stambaugh	MD
RAGGI JASPER CUPID	87	83	86	Ronald E. Statler II	PA
SHADY-WOOD DEUCE JENNY	86	85	86	Woodcrest Dairy LLC	NY
NEHLS-VALLEY SUPER LIPPY	87	82	86	Gene P & Seth L Nehls	WI
RAGGI ATWOOD TONI-ET	86	85	86	Nicholas John Raggi	MD
MOONDALE JASPER TJ-ET	86	83	86	Cindy L. Krull	WI
MD-MAPLE-DELL AFTER DICEY	86	84	86	Maple Dell Farms	MD
MD-MAPLE-DELL ALEX SUE-ET	87	83	86	Derek Patrick	MD
MD-MAPLE-DELL ALEX SALLY-ET	87	84	86	Derek Patrick	MD
IRIS-HILL ADVENT NIKO-RED	86	85	86	Paul L. & Titus Mast	NY
WOODLEDGE ROY 955	87	83	86	R. Garnett Smith, Jr.	VA
LE-O-LA ATWOOD GYPSY	86	85	86	Richard F. & Kathy S. Demmer	IA
APPEALING G W ATWOOD JINX	86	85	86	S. Scott & April D. Cooper	PA
KAY-BEN ATWOOD KELLY	87	82	86	Erica J. Benson	ME
REGANCREST FRD LISANNE-ET	85	86	86	Kenneth J. Pfaff	WI
ZBW-WG AFTER EFFECT	86	85	86	Jeffrey D. Dana	NY
LUCK-E ABSOLUTE CINEMA	84	86	86	Matt L. Engel	IL
LUCK-E ABSOLUTE ZANG	87	84	86	Matt L. Engel	IL
F-A-F SIDNEY LOMIRA	85	84	86	Luke Borchardt	IL
SPRUCE-HAVEN ATW BJ11846-ET	88	82	86	Spruce-Haven Farm	NY
ROPUT DAMION GRINDAL	87	85	86	James R. Putman	NY
CHRIS-DA ALFREDO JULIET	87	82	86	LaVern & Cheryl Davis	WI
KOZ-DA SHAKIRA-RED	88	86	86	DaMartini Holsteins	WI
HILLTOP-LLC BOLTON 4574-TW	86	82	86	Hilltop Dairy LLC	WI
SPEEK-NJ PROM QUEEN-RED-ET	87	82	86	Neil McDonah	WI
WINDSOR-MANOR JEEV ROCHELLE	86	83	86	Jason M. & Donna G. Myers	MD
JUNLYN FRONTRUNNER WILMA	87	81	86	Junlyn Farms, Inc.	WI
PIERCE-VALE MAC TAMMY-ET	86	84	86	Pierce-Vale Farms LLC	WI
K-MANOR NIAGRA MODEL	86	86	86	K-Manor Holsteins	WI
STONE-FRONT JELLY-RED	85	85	86	Tom Lyon, Jr.	WI
COLDSPRINGS REECE 3923	88	85	86	Matthew M. Hoff	MD
COLDSPRINGS BOLTON 3975	87	86	86	Matthew M. Hoff	MD
KA-MITZ KASPER KAITLYN-RED	86	85	86	Todd Kahl	IL
MIDAS-TOUCH TRUMP RYLEE	87	82	86	Woodcrest Dairy LLC	NY
LOCUST-VALE S ROSETTE	86	85	86	Wilmer L. & Vera C. Peachey	NY
BLUE-GENE SHOTTLE SOUPEY-ET	87	82	86	Eugene M. Poirier	NY
HEINZE SANCHEZ PARIS	87	85	86	Mark T. Heinze	WI
ROB-SARA ATLANTIC FLOR 1888	85	86	86	Robert L. III & Laura Emerson	DE
MATT-DARI SPEARMINT SOCIETY	86	85	86	Matthiae Dairy Farm, Inc.	WI
MATT-DARI ALEXANDER BIRDIE	85	85	86	Matthiae Dairy Farm, Inc.	WI
MATT-DARI SHOTTLE DELISA	86	85	86	Matthiae Dairy Farm, Inc.	WI
SIBIC MATT-DARI BADEN	87	80	86	Amy Simon	WI
MATT-DARI AL WINK	86	85	86	Matthiae Dairy Farm, Inc.	WI
MATT-DARI AFTERSHOCK FIFI	86	85	86	Matthiae Dairy Farm, Inc.	WI
HOEK-TEX APPLE 5508	86	86	86	Meagan Jessyka Hoekman	TX
HOEK-TEX SANCHEZ 5526-ET	85	86	86	Gerard Hoekman	TX
HOEK-TEX BOULDER 5529-ET	86	86	86	Gerard Hoekman	TX
HOEK-TEX BEDFORD 5555	85	87	86	Gerard Hoekman	TX
GREEMLEA-TM DES BEULAH-ET	86	87	86	Savage-Leigh Farm	MD
MISS DEBONAIR BEAUTIFUL-RED	85	86	86	Richard M. Green	DE
T-C-G APPLE ROLEX-RED-ET	86	82	86	Joseph K. Panter & Triple Crown Genetics	ID
T-C-G JEEVES MADDY-ET	87	83	86	Triple Crown Genetics	ID
MILKSOURCE FORTUNE LAYNE	83	85	86	Frank Behling	WI
CONANT-ACRES GOLD SUKEY-ET	86	85	86	Conant Acres, Inc.	ME
CONANT-ACRES BRAXTON TESSA	88	81	86	Conant Acres, Inc.	ME
SELLCREST LB MISSY-RED-ET	85	86	86	Gary Sell	WI
SELLCREST JONAH KALA-RED	87	85	86	Allen & Shirley Sell	WI
NO-LIMIT SHOTTLE HAZEL	87	83	86	Durrer Dairy & MB Luckylady Farm	CA
KINGSMILL ALLOY ATARA	85	85	86	Kaitlyn R. Corbett	MD
KINGSMILL ALLOY ALETTE	87	85	86	Kaitlyn R. Corbett	MD
WESTPHALIA RR ASTONISH-RED	85	87	86	Charles A. Westphal	WI
GOLDEN-OAKS ADVENT ALEXA-ET	85	85	86	Golden Oaks Farm	IL
GOLDEN-OAKS GW CHAMPAGNE-ET	87	84	86	Golden Oaks Farm	IL
GOLDEN-OAKS AB FLIRT-RED-ET	88	82	86	Golden Oaks Farm	IL
BULLDOG BRAXTON GRAND	86	85	86	Bulldog Holsteins	MD
GA-IL AWOOD CLARICE-ET	86	82	86	Woodcrest Dairy LLC	NY
GLADE-ROCK TIME ERICA	85	86	86	Emily P. Ausherman	MD
TEX-STEIN COLBY YAJAIVA	87	85	86	Gavin Steinberger	TX
TEX-STEIN COLBY AQUILLA	86	86	86	Gavin Steinberger	TX
TEX-STEIN GABOR DARBI	90	83	86	Robert E. Steinberger, Sr.	TX
TEX-STEIN GABOR SHARON	88	85	86	Robert E. Steinberger, Sr.	TX
TEX-STEIN DEUCE CHELLSEY	88	85	86	Robert E. Steinberger, Sr.	TX
FARNEAR BROCADES BAKA-ETS	87	83	86	Woodcrest Dairy LLC	NY
FARNEAR ADA ADVOCATION-ET	87	83	86	Rick & Tom Simon	IA
MDF SANCHEZ 3120	85	90	86	Mason Dairy Farm LLC	OK
WEBB-VUE GABOR MS JACHEIA	88	83	86	Robert A. Webb	WI
ROCK-HOME PRONTO FJEARA	85	85	86	Jeff Morris Koster	TX
NEHLS-VALLEY STARDUST-RED	85	88	86	Shawn Nehls	WI
NEHLS-VALLEY SUGARLAND-RED	85	85	86	Shawn Nehls	WI
B-ENTERPRISE SUPER GIGI-ET	85	85	86	Rick & Tom Simon & Butz-Hill Holstein	IA
T-C-G DESTRY GOLD-RAE	87	84	86	Seagull Bay Dairy, Inc.	ID
T-C-G GOLD RHIANNA-ET	85	86	86	Triple Crown Genetics	ID
R-E-W CHARM BRACELET-ET	87	85	86	Derek Lease	MD
HARDEE-ROCK RB SHARA-RED-ET	88	84	86	Darwin D. Sneller	MI
ROCK-HOME DESTRY LIVIA-ET	86	86	86	Adam Hoff	TX
WARGO-ACRES MUSIC-ET	85	83	86	Wargo Acres	WI
WARGO-ACRES JANE	87	85	86	Wargo Acres	WI
WARGO-ACRES SUPER MILEY	85	85	86	Wargo Acres	WI
WARGO-N-JD SUPER DELUX-ET	87	83	86	Craig Carncross & Jason Danhof	WI
MDF G W ATWOOD 3240	86	83	86	Mason Dairy Farm LLC	OK
HILLPINE REALITY JAN	88	85	86	Byron W. Bruins	WI
LADYS-MANOR ALLOY FRESCA	87	83	86	Ladys Manor LLC	MD
LADYS-MANOR DORCY ODA	90	81	86	Ladys Manor LLC	MD
LADYS-MANOR DORCY AMELIA	85	86	86	Ladys Manor LLC	MD
LADYS-MANOR SHOT AT LUCKY	86	83	86	Ladys Manor LLC	MD
LADYS-MANOR DORCY AMIRA	88	86	86	Ladys Manor LLC	MD
LADYS-MANOR BIGTIME BUFFY	87	83	86	Ladys Manor LLC	MD
KAY-BEN ALEXANDER LOLIPOP	87	86	86	Kay-Ben Holsteins	ME
MAPLE-HILL-FARM LUCKY SEVEN	87	80	86	Paul E. Horning	PA
HNKES-WESSEL ATW ECLIPSE-ET	86	83	86	Douglas D. Lemke	WI
CASTLEHOLM ROSIE RAE-RED-ET	86	84	86	Nicole K. Wright	WI
MILKSOURCE ADV INDIANA-RED	87	82	86	Robert & Matt Puskas	NJ
SPRINGHILL-OH BOWSER ICE-ET	87	86	86	End Road Farm	MI
ROPUT AIRRAID BEARLY	86	87	86	James R. Putman	NY
BER-SHER EXPLO CARISSA CIN	86	85	86	Bernard & Ronald Brinks	MI
LORITA ATWOOD ANNA STAR	85	85	86	Durrer Dairy	CA
EHRHARDT ASHOCK LAURIN-ET	86	86	86	Ehrhardt Farms, Inc.	MD
COLDSPRINGS SILVAN 4076	87	83	86	Matthew M. Hoff	MD
COLDSPRINGS DUSK 4107	86	82	86	Ian A. Hoff	MD
COLDSPRINGS BAXTER 4161	87	86	86	Ian A. Hoff	MD
COLDSPRINGS LIGHTNING 4198	86	84	86	Matthew M. Hoff	MD
MEY-VILLA CHRIS DELLA	87	83	86	Bernard & Jerome Meyer	WI
MEY-VILLA SANCHEZ FANCLUB	87	80	86	Jerome D. Meyer	WI
PEACE&PLENTY ASPEN BONJOUR	87	82	86	Joseph A. Schwartzbeck	MD
PEACE&PLENTY FREEDOM ROYAL	88	82	86	Richard A. Schwartzbeck	MD
CO-OP UPD FREDDIE 4332	88	83	86	Genesis Cooperative Herd	WI
PIERCE-VALE AFSHK TAFFY-ET	86	85	86	Pierce-Vale Farms LLC	WI
MS TODDSDALE GOLD TRILEY-ET	86	85	86	Michael J. Garrow	NY
KEVREL MAN-O-MAN 1525	87	85	86	F. Kevin Leaverton	MD
ARB-FLO-SPR BUCKEYE SHABAM	88	82	86	Jamie Arbaugh	MD
HORIZON-JAY SHOT-OBSEE-ET	90	82	86	Woodcrest Dairy LLC	NY
MS APPLES ARIA-ET	89	83	86	Luke & Megan Rauen & Josh & Adam Simon	IA
GOLDEN-OAKS ATWOOD VENUS-ET	87	84	86	Golden Oaks Farm	IL
STONE-FRONT HVEZDA ROADIE	88	84	86	Andrew Jay Buttles	WI
NELSON-MILL AUGIE 969	87	84	86	J. Walter Rutledge, II	MD
HILMAR SUPER 4745	87	86	86	Hilmar Holsteins, Inc.	CA
WINDSOR-MANOR Z STICKY	86	83	86	Jason M. & Donna G. Myers	MD
P-ZBW SANCHEZ TRINITY-ET	87	82	86	Tyler Nephew	NY
MS SUGAR-C ALEXNDR QUEEN-ET	86	85	86	Sugar Creek Dairy	WI
RAGGI-MANOR SHANE SILVER	86	86	86	Nick Raggi & Robert E.& Mary O. Smith	MD
BUR-RODZ SANCHEZ BETH	90	80	86	Rodney A. Zietlow	WI
ROSEDALE ENOUGH TALK	87	82	86	Rosedale Genetics Ltd	WI
ROSEDALE FASHION SENSE	86	83	86	Rosedale Genetics Ltd	WI
ROSEDALE COURAGEOUS CAT	86	82	86	Rosedale Genetics Ltd	WI
LONE-MAPLE LHEROS 101	87	83	86	Linford R Weber	MD
TRI-KOEBEL SNOFALL TICKTOCK	86	82	85	Stephen J. Reed	MI
JENESIS-B KYLE ECHO	83	84	85	Isaiah Barends	MI
JENESIS-B ARMSTEAD MARISSA	85	85	85	Tom & Jacqueline Barends	MI
JENESIS-B KYLE ELITE	85	82	85	Tom & Jacqueline Barends	MI
S-S-I BOWSR WHISPER 7054-ET	86	83	85	Woodcrest Dairy LLC	NY
NORZ-HILL-C ATWOOD EMILY-ET	85	78	85	Richard & Richard Norz, Jr. & Peter Chatain	NJ
GREENLEA DESTRY RAE	83	86	85	Wayne & Cindee Savage & Richard Green	MD
SAVAGE-LEIGH RR STACEY	86	85	85	Jami Leigh Savage	MD
SAVAGE-LEIGH LIBERTY GABBY	85	82	85	Jami Leigh Savage	MD
SAVAGE-LEIGH ASPEN DARCI-ET	85	85	85	Kelli Ann Welsh	MD
SAVAGE-LEIGH SHAQUILLE ROXY	85	86	85	Savage-Leigh Farm	MD
SAVAGE-LEIGH SHAQ MAZEL-ET	85	81	85	Savage-Leigh Farm & Matt & Kelli Welsh	MD
TOM-ANNA MICHELLE 2160-ET	86	82	85	Tom & Deanna Stamp	MI
END-ROAD MACHINE BECCA-ET	84	86	85	End Road Farm	MI
END-ROAD GRAYBIL MACHA	83	87	85	End Road Farm	MI
END-ROAD AL MONTANA	85	84	85	End Road Farm	MI
B-HIDDENHILLS PADDY 1368-ET	86	86	85	Hidden Hills Dairy	MI
B-HIDDENHILLS DORCY 1405-ET	86	84	85	Hidden Hills Dairy	MI
B-HIDDENHILLS GABOR 1419	86	85	85	Hidden Hills Dairy	MI
WARDIN RUSSELL RITA-ET	86	82	85	Wardin Bros.	MI
CLAYTOP DREAM NAKED	85	83	85	Jeffrey L. Paulen	MI
JO-JO JONAH JOY-RED	86	82	85	Joseph A. Kubacki	MI
OAKFIELD-BRO FRANCESCA-ET	85	82	85	Douglas D. Lemke	WI
CRAVE TOYSTORY WINTER 6172	85	85	85	Crave Brothers Farm LLC	WI
COSTA-VIEW BOLTON 40777	87	84	85	Costa-View Farms	CA
GROSS-FARM 818 MAVE	85	85	85	Norman Gross	MI
GROSS-FARM MILLION ANTONIA	86	85	85	Norman Gross	MI
WELCOME OBSERV CORA-ET	86	85	85	Rock Hill Dairy LLC	NM
S-S-I ROBUST MAGIC 7228-ET	86	85	85	End Road Farm	MI
COSTA-VIEW ALEXANDER 41931	85	87	85	Costa-View Farms	CA
S-S-I BEACON LAROSE 7281-ET	87	86	85	Kevin & Barbara Ziemba	NY
WOODCREST ATWOOD ESTHER-ET	84	87	85	Woodcrest Dairy LLC	NY
COLSTEIN ATWOOD MEOW MEOW	87	77	85	Kevin & Barbara Ziemba & Woodcrest Dairy LLC	NY
LOCUST-AYR AFTERSHOCK MICKI	86	82	85	Michael R. & Anita L. Haines	MD
FROZENES ADVT ENGLISH-RED	85	83	85	James H. Janes	WI
CADY-LEE LARAMEE PENELOPE	83	82	85	Michelle P. Lee	NY
LOCUST-AYR MILLION AIRE-ET	85	82	85	Michael R. & Anita L. Haines	MD
CRYSTAL-JOY GIBSON FRISBEE	85	84	85	Amy M Stoltzfus	PA
LARS-ACRES RR-MM MM TINA-TW	86	83	85	Riley Miller	WI
POLLACK-VU MILN JOLLY1-8-ET	86	82	85	Pollack-Vu Dairy, LLC	WI
RYAN-VU LAURIN ECLIPSE	86	80	85	Chad & Mark Ryan	WI
RYAN-VU SANCHEZ BOTANY	85	82	85	Chad J. Ryan	WI
STONE-HAUS DRAKE ASHTON	86	87	85	Glen S. Zimmerman	PA
LONG-HAVEN KITE TALIA-TW	85	84	85	Orin J. Engelhardt	MI
PENTUCK MAC MOPSIE	85	85	85	Johnathan Heinsohn	IL
DONWEN DREVIL DOMAIN	87	81	85	Donald R. Wendlandt, Jr.	WI
WIL-O-MAR POTHOLE LAUREL	85	83	85	Wil-O-Mar Farm	MD
KNOTT-RUN CON PENNY-RED	86	81	85	Andrea Vaz	NM
MEYERVILLA SZ SOPHIE RAE-ET	85	82	85	Tyler J. Meyer	WI
PHEASANT-ECHOS MELSINA-ET	87	81	85	Byron & Deborah Stambaugh	MD
PEACE&PLENTY FREEDOM VAN	82	86	85	Richard A. Schwartzbeck	MD
BUDJON LIGHTNING ALLI	82	81	85	Budjon Farms	WI
GREYSTONE MITEY JASMAN	84	83	85	Woodcrest Dairy LLC	NY
WHITTIER-FARMS SUPR ALEN-ET	83	88	85	The Brown Eye Syndicate	CA
STONE-TD SANCHEZ BLITZ	85	85	85	Templeton Farms LLC	WI
A-SURE-BET ATTIC KELLY	85	85	85	Emily & Tommy Smith	DE
L-MAPLES MONUMENT HELEN	86	80	85	Tom Lyon, Jr.	WI
GLEN-TOCTIN MANO HEIDI	86	82	85	Glen-Toctin Farm	MD
POLLACK-VU SANCHEZ REVERIE	85	84	85	Pollack-Vu Dairy, LLC	WI
RYAN-VU JASPER ARROW-ET	86	81	85	Mark J. Ryan	WI
RYAN-VU LAURIN NADIA	87	82	85	Chad & Mark Ryan	WI
LOCUST-AYR STRLNG MARIE-ET	87	81	85	Michael R. & Anita L. Haines	MD
SAM-SIM TLNT CREME DE CREME	85	83	85	C K Kerrick III & Jerrel Heatwole	DE
MORAM PEARL ESCAL PLENTY	84	84	85	Shaun D. & Betty Jo Hyde	MI
MORAM MISS ESCAL ELSIE	86	82	85	Richard D. & Patricia L. Hyde	MI
BVK ALEXANDER ASHIKA-ET	85	83	85	Francis W. Daniel III	WV
SENLAND GABOR SALAMONA	85	85	85	James P. Senn	WI
GAHMS ASTEROID TYRA	85	85	85	Mackenzie Spears	AR
BRU-DALE SUPER SASHA-ET	87	82	85	Woodcrest Dairy LLC	NY
LOCUST-RIDGE DSTRY MEREDITH	86	84	85	Jamie Arbaugh	MD
MEYERVILLA SANCHEZ ROXXY	86	85	85	Tyler J. Meyer	WI
MEYERVILLA DESTRY TICKL-RED	85	78	85	Tyler J. Meyer	WI
PHEASANT-ECHOS FRTR SHIRLEY	88	83	85	Byron & Deborah Stambaugh	MD
CASS-RIVER DEUCE PRESTIGE	85	85	85	Larry, Ronald & John Keinath	MI
PHEASANT-ECHOS WENDALL-ET	86	83	85	Bud Stambaugh	MD
MD-LOCUSTCREST JULIO PAM	86	83	85	Md-Locust Crest	MD
KELDEAN MATSON ELITE	87	84	85	Dean Michael Davenport	MI
BUDJON-JK MA ELLIOTT	84	82	85	Riley Miller	WI
WA-DEL SUPER BRANDY-ET	87	84	85	Lester C. Jones & Sons, Inc.	MD
WA-DEL SUPER BRISTOL-ET	85	86	85	Rick L. Wadel	PA
BOHNVIEW LAURIN ELECTRA	84	83	85	Aaron Bohn	WI
BOHNVIEW LAURIN ELLYMAE	86	82	85	Daniel Bohn	WI
MS ARIEL FREDDIE ANNA-ET	86	85	85	Sebastien Dion	WI
BELL-STONE AFTERSHOCK TONI	85	82	85	W. Franklin, Jr. & Jeffery F. Moore	MD
MORAM MINN DAMION TANSY	85	84	85	Richard D. & Patricia L. Hyde	MI
LOCUST-AYR SSTORM TATER TOT	87	81	85	Ryan Matthew Haines	MD
MISTY-Z SANCHEZ TEMPO	86	82	85	Dale L. Zimmerman	PA
MISTY-Z SANCHEZ EILEEN	86	81	85	Dale L. Zimmerman	PA
WA-DEL ROSS BETHIA-ET	85	83	85	Rick L. Wadel	PA
HEADWATER AVALANCHE PANDORA	85	83	85	Eric Sherman	NY
HEADWATER REDLINER JEZABELL	86	85	85	Eric & Lorelle Sherman	NY
HEADWATER AFRSHOCK JORDACHE	87	82	85	Eric & Lorelle Sherman	NY
INSPIRACRES ABSOLUTE MAISIE	87	83	85	Steve & Sharon Patterson	WI
INSPIRACRES FRNTRNNR LYDIA	86	85	85	Steve & Sharon Patterson	WI
INSPIRACRES SANCHEZ JULIE	85	85	85	Steve & Sharon Patterson	WI
GLEN-TOCTIN SUPER LOUISA-ET	85	82	85	Glen-Toctin Farm	MD
BROEGE-ACRES DESTRY KRISTIE	86	80	85	Caleb Broege	WI
CADY-LEE BUCKEYE HELLEMINA	87	80	85	Stephen H. & Sally C. Lee	NY
EDEN-VIEW SANCHEZ COKE-ET	85	83	85	Eric Niswander	PA
CADY-LEE DUNDEE CHELSEY	87	78	85	Michelle P. Lee	NY
WA-DEL ROSS MATTIE	86	81	85	Rick L. Wadel	PA
WA-DEL-DH BOOKEM CLAIRE-ET	87	82	85	Darwin Gene Horst & Rick L. Wadel	PA
BUDJON LAURIN ABBOTT-ET	85	80	85	Budjon Farms	WI
MARSH-VUE LB PRECIOUS-RED	86	82	85	Douglas D. Lemke	WI
JERLAND DEB GOGETTER-RED-ET	88	76	85	Rebekah & Miles Schraufnagel	WI
STARWARD BOLTON CARLY	87	82	85	Darwin D. Sneller	MI
STRAWBERRY-ACRES SANC MICA	84	83	85	John, Ann & Barbara Schenning	MD
ROCKY-MOUNT SANCHEZ FINESSE	85	82	85	Parker F. Welch	MD
LIME-VALLEY FROST-ET	86	82	85	Jeff & Dan Liner	WI
MAPLE-ARBOR CRIMSON FLAVIA	86	81	85	Fred D. & Annette L. Prichard	MI
OCEAN-VIEW LL ZANDRA-ET	86	83	85	Kamphuis Farms LLC	WI
CLAYTOP ROSS PEAR-ET	84	85	85	Jeffrey L. Paulen	MI
IA-WILSIM MARY	86	79	85	W. Franklin, Jr. & Jeffery F. Moore	MD
SCHWANDT COLBY GWENORA	87	77	85	Robert L. Schwandt, Jr.	WI
CAR-BON ALEXANDER AVERY	86	85	85	Kevin J. Bunkoske	WI
WRT-GIES ADVENT CHER-RED-ET	87	83	85	Gies Farms & D & T Dairy LLC	WI
HAZELS GLDWN HEART-ET	86	83	85	Eben J. Benson	ME
HIL-SURROUND CONTENDER WOW	90	82	85	Jared G. Martin	MD
MAPLEGRAND LHEROS RUTH	86	82	85	Maplegrand Farms	NY
MAPLEGRAND LHEROS ADALINE	86	82	85	Maplegrand Farms	NY
RHYTHM LAURIN KETTLE	85	85	85	Bradley Farms	WI
GOLDFAWN ROCK SELMA-RED	86	85	85	Addison Anne Goldenberg	TX
HEADWATER PHOENIX PUNKY	85	86	85	Eric Sherman	NY
FROZENES LYDON RITZ	85	88	85	Aaron L. Hass	WI
SMITH-CREST MILLER WINNIE	88	81	85	Matt & Travis Smith	WI
GR-ACRES ATWOOD LOVELY	86	85	85	Rebekah Schraufnagel	WI
WILFARMS P KNOWLEDGE DESIE	86	85	85	Carson Acres LLC	MI
D-L-BENNETT ATLANTIC JINNA	87	82	85	Lawson D. Bennett	MI
D-L-BENNETT R ROYCE TRIXY	84	82	85	Lawson D. Bennett	MI
MS BENNETT ATLANTIC ANGEL	87	81	85	D. D. L. & D. Bennett & Tyler DeWeerd	MI
MISTY-Z BRONCO TARGET	87	83	85	Dale L. Zimmerman	PA
COCALICO SHOTTLE AVERY-ET	85	82	85	Paul B. Zimmerman, Jr	PA
REED-ELI SSDEUCE AVENGA-RED	86	85	85	Elizabeth Reed	MI
COCALICO SHOTTLE MAGGIE	83	84	85	Paul B. Zimmerman, Jr	PA
MISS SUMMER BUNNY-ET	85	80	85	Brett Hildebrandt	WI
COCALICO DAMION JOLEE-TW	82	85	85	Paul B. Zimmerman, Jr	PA
COCALICO MAC ASHLYN	85	85	85	Paul B. Zimmerman, Jr	PA
COCALICO SHOTTLE PIPER	86	83	85	Paul B. Zimmerman, Jr	PA
NINE-CEES BALTIMOR PARK	87	80	85	Nine Cees Dairy	WI
JORICH-WAY BURNS IRIS	85	77	85	Richard E. Schulz	WI
JORICH-WAY LHEROS RHEA	86	83	85	Richard E. Schulz	WI
JORICH-WAY BALTIMOR RAINBOW	88	77	85	Richard E. Schulz	WI
MORAM SHASTA SANCHEZ PIZA	86	82	85	Shaun D. Hyde	MI
MAPLE-NOOK JACKSON FLIER	86	81	85	Maple-Nook Holsteins	NY
COCALICO DUNDEE CANDY	82	86	85	Paul B. Zimmerman, Jr	PA
KMH PURE GOLD MEMORY	85	82	85	Brian Edward Rohloff	WI
CHANDALE-D DURHAM SANDY-ET	86	83	85	Gary M. & Crystal Annie Dell	MD
SERB ZACH SANCHEZ BUZBY	86	82	85	Lyle Allen	ME
MOLLY-MAE FANCY CANDY	85	86	85	Adam Hoff	TX
WEA-LAND GOLDWN NAKIESHA-ET	85	82	85	Michael J. Garrow	NY
JORICH-WAY BOXER ILA	85	85	85	Adam J. & Jennifer E. Bertz	WI
RAGGI ATWOOD TONYA-ET	85	87	85	Nicholas John Raggi	MD
HARGRAVE PRONTO 743	86	79	85	Chelsea A. Hargrave	NY
WILLOW-BROOK FIN CUT DROPS	85	83	85	Laurie B. W. Koneck	WI
WILLOW-BROOK GENEVA SAL	87	81	85	Kurt Koneck	WI
CAMPSIDE MATSON 112	90	82	85	W. Ray Halteman	MD
VALENTIA OUTBOUND LULU	83	85	85	Earl B., Jr. & Keitha F. Grove	MD
CHAN-LEE AL GLASALLY-ET	87	77	85	Charles L. & Anne B. Lethbridge	MD
CHAN-LEE SHAMPOO GLENDELTA	85	83	85	Charles L. & Anne B. Lethbridge	MD
HUN-VAL AFTERSHOCK AMY-ET	85	82	85	Dempsey Farms	DE
BRUINS-DALE BLVA DIAMOND-TW	86	83	85	Byron W. Bruins	WI
GREENLEA DES MAE-RED	85	82	85	Erin E. Corbett	MD
ALL-RIEHL AL PIE-ET	86	82	85	Dale E. Niswander	PA
NORTHERN-GLO REAL SILLY	87	80	85	Scott E. Hamilton	NY
TRI-DEE-KR DURHAM CORA-ET	87	82	85	W. Franklin, Jr. & Jeffery F. Moore	MD
FRAN-BAR LAURIN LIZA-ET	85	83	85	Logan E. Moore	MD
FRAN-BAR LIGHTNING ELECTRA	85	84	85	Logan E. Moore	MD
FRAN-BAR SANCHEZ DOROTHY	85	81	85	Leslie Moore	MD
FRAN-BAR PRO ELSA MAE	87	81	85	Jeffery F. Moore	MD
FRAN-BAR PRO DORADOO	85	83	85	W. Franklin, Jr. & Jeffery F. Moore	MD
FRAN-BAR PRO ROMILEE	86	84	85	Jeffery F. Moore	MD
HASS-ACRES MIRANDA-ET	86	84	85	Aaron L. Hass	WI
PENTA-PAT COLT ADRIA	85	85	85	Michael D. Patrick	MD
JANESTEAD SENSATION CARA	85	82	85	James H. Janes	WI
JC-KOW RUSSEL JULIE	85	81	85	JC-Kow Farms LLC	WI
BRECAR CARUSO ASHLEY	87	80	85	Brett Bruins	WI
CIRCLE-F LIGHTNING WISIA	86	82	85	Allan L. Friend	NY
SOLID-GOLD SHOTTL ESKIMO-ET	87	84	85	Woodcrest Dairy LLC	NY
SWEET-WILLOW JAYZ ELM	87	83	85	Scott E. Hamilton	NY
VIETHSONS BOLIVER PANSY	85	84	85	Jerry Vieth	TX
FOREST-RIDGE MARLA MAPLES	85	85	85	Kurt & Sarah Loehr	WI
FOREST-RIDGE MONA LISA-ET	84	85	85	Kurt & Sarah Loehr	WI
NORDIC-RIDGE AFTER GLORY	85	81	85	Les Frere Syndicate	WI
OVERSIDE AFTERSHOCK HALEY	85	84	85	Joseph & Hidde Osinga	TX
WALK-ERA SANCHEZ JENNAH	83	85	85	Walk-Era Farms, Inc.	WI
WALK-ERA DUNDEE ALBA	84	85	85	Walk-Era Farms, Inc.	WI
WALK-ERA LRN MOTTO	85	83	85	Walk-Era Farms, Inc.	WI
WALK-ERA AFTERSHOCK OMLET	88	85	85	Walk-Era Farms, Inc.	WI
WALK-ERA SHOTT SUNRAY-ET	85	87	85	Walk-Era Farms, Inc.	WI
LE-O-LA SUPER ELLEN-ET	86	82	85	Richard F. & Kathy S. Demmer	IA
REGANCREST DOMAIN CINDER-ET	86	83	85	Wargo Acres	WI
REGANCREST-BH O GALLORY-ET	86	83	85	Woodcrest Dairy LLC	NY
LUCK-E ADVENT BERETTA	85	84	85	Joseph M. Engel	IL
LUCK-E ABSOLUTE MILLY	85	83	85	Matt L. Engel	IL
LUCK-E BRAXTON BUBBLY	85	83	85	Joseph M. Engel	IL
LUCK-E ADVENT KATESHA-ET	87	82	85	Matt L. Engel	IL
LUCK-E ADVENT KATERRA-ET	85	85	85	Matt L. Engel	IL
MILGENE ROY SHANAE	86	80	85	Cindy L. Krull	WI
SPRUCE-HAVEN SPR BS11998-ET	85	82	85	Spruce-Haven Farm	NY
CHRIS-DA DESTRY 350	82	85	85	LaVern & Cheryl Davis	WI
STRAUSSDALE AS GEMMA-ET	83	83	85	Straussdale Holsteins LLC	WI
STRAUSSDALE ATWOOD JULIET	88	78	85	Straussdale Holsteins LLC	WI
MAPLE-NOOK SHAQ TASTIC-ET	87	83	85	Maple-Nook Holsteins	NY
MNH-RF SHOTTLE ERICA-ET	86	83	85	John Zeh, James R. Putman & Lauri L. Beggs	NY
MAPLE-NOOK LAURIN BRIEN	86	82	85	Maple-Nook Holsteins	NY
LANGS-TWIN-B CASE-ET	86	85	85	Keith A. Nettekoven	WI
HILLTOP-LLC SHOTTLE 4555	85	82	85	Hilltop Dairy LLC	WI
HILLTOP-LLC BOLTON 4575-TW	85	85	85	Hilltop Dairy LLC	WI
HILLTOP-LLC BOWMAN 4584	85	78	85	Hilltop Dairy LLC	WI
HILLTOP-LLC OSCAR 4596	85	84	85	Hilltop Dairy LLC	WI
HILLTOP-LLC SANCHEZ 4599	84	83	85	Hilltop Dairy LLC	WI
SPEEK-NJ DESTRY RUFFI-ET	86	82	85	Neil McDonah	WI
AMES-WAY-NM SHOTLE VICTORIA	86	82	85	Paul & Sarah Trapp & Neil McDonah	WI
VIEW-HOME IZZY 19296-1	84	85	85	Country Dairy, Inc.	MI
LJP ACE ROXY	85	85	85	Louis J. Palmatary & Sons	MD
KEVREL SANCHEZ MELODY-ET	83	85	85	F. Kevin Leaverton	MD
PENN-GATE C FORTUNE-RED-ET	85	84	85	Bradley Hoffman	PA
ALAMANA JADE	90	75	85	L. Alan Lobdell	NY
BEAVER-FLATS ADVENT CAN-ET	87	84	85	Lauryn Dana	NY
VIEW-HOME COKE 19197-1	84	82	85	Country Dairy, Inc.	MI
VIEW-HOME BRADELL FAITH	84	85	85	Country Dairy, Inc.	MI
VIEW-HOME EXPLODE MORISSA	85	83	85	Country Dairy, Inc.	MI
VIEW-HOME DIXIE 13883-3	84	82	85	Country Dairy, Inc.	MI
VIEW-HOME EUREKA PARTY	85	83	85	Country Dairy, Inc.	MI
VIEW-HOME DOMAIN VICTORIA	84	85	85	Country Dairy, Inc.	MI
ELM-SPRING AFTERSHCK CALLY	85	85	85	Dempsey Farms	DE
PIERCE-VALE MAC RAIZEL-ET	86	82	85	Pierce-Vale Farms LLC	WI
MORNINGVIEW SUPER ELLIE-ET	87	85	85	Rick & Tom Simon	IA
BURLEDGE SOCRATES PREMIER	86	86	85	Ray & Rae Nell Halbur	WI
BURLEDGE JASPER TRUMP	86	81	85	Ray, Rae Nell & Joseta Halbur	WI
STONE-FRONT MAC CORONA	85	85	85	Tom Lyon, Jr.	WI
STONE-FRONT FRUN AZURE-RED	86	82	85	Tom Lyon, Jr.	WI
STONE-FRONT MAC CASHEW	85	85	85	Tom Lyon, Jr.	WI
COLDSPRINGS SHOTTLE 3888-ET	86	83	85	Matthew M. Hoff	MD
COLDSPRINGS MYRON 3895	87	82	85	Matthew M. Hoff	MD
COLDSPRINGS RUDY 3896	85	82	85	Matthew M. Hoff	MD
COLDSPRINGS FLYER 3934	86	84	85	Matthew M. Hoff	MD
COLDSPRINGS TEMPTATION 3953	87	81	85	Matthew M. Hoff	MD
PALMYRA M-O-M MANHATTAN-ET	86	82	85	Ryan Shank & Chris & Jenneifer Hill	MD
MINSU JASPER JAZZY-ET	86	82	85	Stephen J. Reed	MI
M-6 SANCHEZ BLUE-ET	85	79	85	Megan Marie Meyer	OK
CROIX-LINE SERENA CRI-ET	87	80	85	Genesis Cooperative Herd	WI
MS WELCOME MM LULITA CRI-ET	86	82	85	Genesis Cooperative Herd	WI
LOCUST-VALE STRLNG STEAMER	85	84	85	Wilmer L. & Vera C. Peachey	NY
BLUE-GENE ROGER REBA	88	78	85	Homer Bushey	NY
BLUE-GENE JASPER JILL-ET	85	81	85	Eugene M. Poirier	NY
BLUE-GENE SHOTTLE SHANIA-ET	85	85	85	Eugene M. Poirier	NY
BLUE-GENE AFFIRM ALICE	86	83	85	Eugene M. Poirier	NY
BLUE-GENE AFTERSHOCK ALEEN	85	83	85	Eugene M. Poirier	NY
LADYS-MANOR ALAN Z MARIA	85	87	85	Ladys Manor LLC	MD
LADYS-MANOR AFTR RASPBERRY	85	82	85	Ladys Manor LLC	MD
LADYS-MANOR GOLD LEXEE-ET	85	82	85	Katelyn Iager	MD
RICKLAND TIME 3446-TW	86	82	85	Rickert Brothers LLC	WI
WOODCREST APPRENTICE 20068	87	82	85	Woodcrest Dairy LLC	NY
WOODCREST CHRYSLER 20079	86	79	85	Woodcrest Dairy LLC	NY
WOODCREST FORK 20126	87	87	85	Woodcrest Dairy LLC	NY
WOODCREST KRUSE 20132	86	84	85	Woodcrest Dairy LLC	NY
BUR-RODZ BOLTON PRINCESS	85	83	85	Rodney A. Zietlow	WI
HEINZE BALTIMORE TALLY	85	83	85	Mark T. Heinze	WI
JB-GLENVAL AL AFRICA-ET	85	83	85	Jason M. & Donna G. Myers	MD
BENNETCH SANCHEZ ADALYN-ET	83	78	85	Matthew B. Bennetch	PA
BENNETCH MOM LADY	87	82	85	Stony-Run Farm	PA
TROMBLEY-DAIRY BOLTON BETTY	83	86	85	Russell R. Trombley	NY
TROMBLEY-DAIRY MATSON MEGAN	84	85	85	Russell R. Trombley	NY
TROMBLEY-DAIRY DAMION DELLA	85	81	85	Russell R. Trombley	NY
CARSON-ACRES MOSCOW CREST	85	82	85	Carson Acres LLC	MI
CARSON-ACRES GRAYBILL CARO	86	81	85	Carson Acres LLC	MI
ROB-SARA AD LUSCIOUS-RED-ET	85	86	85	Catlin E. Christman	MD
ROB-SARA SHOTTLE PATIENCE	85	85	85	Robert L. Emerson II	DE
TWIN-RIVER SHYSTER ARIZONA	85	85	85	Todd A. Hayton	NY
MATT-DARI ALEXANDER KAHLUA	85	81	85	Matthiae Dairy Farm, Inc.	WI
CO-OP MD LANI-ET	86	85	85	Matthiae Dairy Farm, Inc.	WI
MATT-DARI MAC BUMBLE	86	79	85	Matthiae Dairy Farm, Inc.	WI
MATT-DARI PATIAN-ET	86	82	85	Matthiae Dairy Farm, Inc.	WI
MATT-DARI MAN-O-MAN PENI-ET	85	85	85	Matthiae Dairy Farm, Inc.	WI
MATT-DARI ALEXANDER GIA	85	85	85	Matthiae Dairy Farm, Inc.	WI
MATT-DARI ALEXANDER GIFT	83	82	85	Matthiae Dairy Farm, Inc.	WI
HOEK-TEX BEDFORD 5546	85	84	85	Gerard Hoekman	TX
JNP-ATH-MOR SSI SBN 5328-ET	86	85	85	Woodcrest Dairy LLC	NY
JO-ENG DURAN 6093 107	86	84	85	Matthew Borchardt	IL
ARSENAL CNTNDR DIZZY-RED-ET	86	85	85	Patrick S Youse	MD
MD-MRK-OVF DETROIT CELIA-ET	85	85	85	Oakland View Farms LLC	MD
FRONT-PAGE DAMION JELLYBEAN	87	82	85	Lucas Edelburg	WI
CONANT-ACRES ATWOD PEONY-ET	88	81	85	Conant Acres, Inc.	ME
CONANT-ACRES SANCHEZ BROOK	86	82	85	Conant Acres, Inc.	ME
CONANT-GROVES SANCHEZ SASHA	87	82	85	Conant Acres, Inc.	ME
SELLCREST CATHY-RED	87	80	85	Gary Sell	WI
SELLCREST ADVENT MAIDEN-RED	86	79	85	Andrew Sell	WI
SELLCREST JONAH LILA-RED	85	82	85	Allen & Shirley Sell	WI
WOODLAWN SHOTTLE DARLA	86	82	85	Woodcrest Dairy LLC	NY
WARGO-ACRES HELPER	86	81	85	Wargo Acres	WI
WARGO-ACRES CLARABELLE	83	85	85	Wargo Acres	WI
WARGO-ACRES HICCUP	86	81	85	Wargo Acres	WI
WARGO-ACRES COLBY	85	82	85	Wargo Acres	WI
CO-OP UPD GOLDWYN 4006	84	83	85	Genesis Cooperative Herd	WI
CO-OP UPD REESE 4143	85	85	85	Genesis Cooperative Herd	WI
LORITA TIME DOTTY	86	78	85	Durrer Dairy	CA
LORITA BOSSMAN SELA	85	82	85	Durrer Dairy	CA
O-C-S-DAIRY JAN TWINKIE	87	82	85	Annie Catherine Dell	MD
JONS-OWN BAXTER BUTTON	86	83	85	Jon Schoenike	WI
HOGAN-TEX GABOR 3168	86	80	85	Double H Dairy	TX
PINE-TREE DORCY ALEXA II-ET	83	82	85	Seagull Bay Dairy, Inc.	ID
STOLTZFUS FINEST SUE	85	85	85	Timothy R Kerrick	DE
VO-MI CADET 843	85	83	85	Mark Vossekuil	WI
KINGSMILL TNKERTOY SCAR-RED	86	85	85	Glen S. Zimmerman	PA
NELDELL ALEXANDER 2103	85	86	85	Neldell Farms LLC	WI
WESTPHALIA ZENITH EXAMPLE	87	79	85	Charles A. Westphal	WI
WESTPHALIA SS TORNADO	84	84	85	Charles A. Westphal	WI
WESTPHALIA SANCHEZ EMINENCE	87	78	85	Charles A. Westphal	WI
WESTPHALIA ALEXANDER HECTIC	85	83	85	Dustin C. Westphal	WI
MS WESTPHALIA SANCHZ MONICA	86	84	85	Austin Moucha	WI
LEASEWAY SANCHEZ AUTUMN	86	82	85	Derek Lease	MD
LEASEWAY ALEXANDER MINAJ	85	87	85	Md-Locust Crest	MD
GOLDEN-OAKS PLANET 5310-TW	85	84	85	Golden Oaks Farm	IL
GOLDEN-OAKS AS CHANEL-ET	85	75	85	Golden Oaks Farm	IL
JMK GABOR 9680	85	85	85	John Koster	TX
HURTGENLEA DOMAIN BILLI JO	86	82	85	Hurtgenlea Holsteins Ltd	WI
BULLDOG ATLANTIC PATTI	85	86	85	Bulldog Holsteins	MD
BULLDOG ADVENT MAYA-ET	85	85	85	Shelby Iager	MD
MD-MAPLE-LAWN MITCH REBEL	85	86	85	Michael C., Matthew E. & Mark E. Iager	MD
MD-MAPLE-LAWN BRAXTON PIPER	81	86	85	Woodcrest Dairy LLC	NY
KRULL-CK JOHAN ROXY-RED	86	81	85	Travis J. Meyers	WI
LINDALE FORTUNE ANDREA	83	86	85	Dale & Linda Drendel	IL
LINDALE ABSOLUTE PLEASURE	85	85	85	Dale & Linda Drendel	IL
LINDALE MR MINISTER FORTUNE	85	82	85	Dale & Linda Drendel	IL
MISS MILLION KIKI	85	83	85	Jeff Drendel	IL
SHERONA-HILL-JH FIDELE	85	83	85	Dale & Linda Drendel	IL
DE-URFEE JAVA KATAMAKUNDA	86	85	85	Nathan Durfee	NY
LARS-ACRES PLANET TRICKER	85	82	85	Larson Acres, Inc.	WI
LARS-ACRES GRAYBIL FRITZIE	82	85	85	Luke E Trustem	WI
LARS-ACRES MAN TICKET-ET	84	83	85	Larson Acres, Inc.	WI
LARS-ACRES PRINCE IRA	85	84	85	Larson Acres, Inc.	WI
FIRSTGLANCE GW ROSALIE-ET	87	83	85	Woodcrest Dairy LLC	NY
KINGSMILL DUSK ADDISON-ET	83	88	85	Jesse Braun	NY
ROB-SARA SANCHEZ SILVER	84	84	85	Robert L. Emerson II	DE
ROB-SARA REALITY KIT-RED	84	88	85	Nicole Myers	MD
WELK-SHADE AFTRSHOCK KAY-ET	86	85	85	Robert L. Emerson	DE
KRULLCREST SUPER GIDGET-ET	85	86	85	Jeff & Dan Liner	WI
LINERWAY BOWSER CHA-CHA-ET	86	83	85	Jeff & Dan Liner	WI
GOTTA-HAVE SUPER CHEDDAR	86	83	85	Scott J Munes	WI
HYLIGHT ROLLING STONE 665	86	85	85	Hy-Light Farms, LLC	NY
WARMKA ADKIN 1161	85	85	85	Erik, Carrie, Brad & Danielle Warmka	WI
TEX-STEIN DREAM JEMMA	88	82	85	Chad Steinberger	TX
TEX-STEIN ONYX MELVINIQUI	85	85	85	Robert E. Steinberger, Sr.	TX
TEX-STEIN MUFFIN LUZ	87	85	85	Robert E. Steinberger, Sr.	TX
TEX-STEIN COLBY KASIE	85	86	85	Gavin Steinberger	TX
TEX-STEIN MASTER REKEISHA	85	86	85	Robert E. Steinberger, Sr.	TX
TEX-STEIN MUFFIN DAYZHAUNAE	86	83	85	Robert E. Steinberger, Sr.	TX
TEX-STEIN SANCHEZ ALEX	85	83	85	Robert E. Steinberger, Sr.	TX
TEX-STEIN MUFFIN AIDAN	86	83	85	Robert E. Steinberger, Sr.	TX
TEX-STEIN GW ATWOOD CHELSEY	86	86	85	Robert E. Steinberger, Sr.	TX
TEX-STEIN GABOR BRIEANNA	86	86	85	Chad Steinberger	TX
GOFF PLANET 36061	85	83	85	Buster I. Goff	NM
GOFF SHOT 36527	85	83	85	Buster I. Goff	NM
GOFF LARIAT 36998	85	85	85	Buster I. Goff	NM
MAVIEW KAIT JASPER-ET	85	85	85	Charles A. Westphal	WI
DUCKETT-BH ATWOOD SAM-ET	85	82	85	Rock Hill Dairy LLC	NM
FARNEAR-BH JEEVES BRAZIL-ET	86	85	85	Earlen Farms Ltd.
LEGENDHOLM-N ANATOLA-ET	85	85	85	Eddie Bue & Norman Nabholz	WI
FLICKSTEAD MORACCO 1519	88	81	85	D. Richard Flickinger	MD
FLICKSTEAD BOXER 1531	86	83	85	D. Richard Flickinger	MD
FLICKSTEAD EXPLODE 1546	87	79	85	D. Richard Flickinger	MD
MDF TIME 3160	86	81	85	Mason Dairy Farm LLC	OK
MDF AFTERSHOCK 3181	83	85	85	Mason Dairy Farm LLC	OK
WEBB-VUE GABOR VERONICA	87	85	85	Robert A. Webb	WI
ROSSDALE FLYER 131	90	76	85	Andrew T. Schantz	NY
ROSSDALE SHOTTLE 142	86	82	85	Andrew T. Schantz	NY
NELSON-MILL 1227 931	85	86	85	Walter Rutledge	MD
NELSON-MILL ALAN 943	86	82	85	Walter Rutledge	MD
KULP-DALE DES LAROSE-RED-ET	86	83	85	James M. Meyer	WI
NEHLS-VALLEY ALEX MICHELLE	83	85	85	Shawn Nehls	WI
NEHLS-VALLEY ATLANTIC ANGEL	86	82	85	Shawn & Seth Nehls	WI
ARB-FLO-SPR HEFTY GEEGEE	87	82	85	J. Steven Arbaugh	MD
SUGAR-C PAGEWIRE 4068	85	82	85	Sugar Creek Dairy	WI
SUGAR-C LENNOX 4070	85	83	85	Sugar Creek Dairy	WI
BRITE-SIDE GOLD PROPER-ET	85	83	85	Sugar Creek Dairy, LLC & Nate Janssen	WI
WELK-SHADE ATWOOD KOKO-ET	85	85	85	Walk-Era Farms, Inc.	WI
WELK-SHADE ATWOOD KYLEE-ET	85	83	85	Alli Walker	WI
CHRIS-DA GRACELAND 351	85	86	85	LaVern & Cheryl Davis	WI
GENESEE-HILL BOGART MAE-ET	82	86	85	Woodcrest Dairy LLC	NY
COOK-LANE CLINTN MOCHALATTE	83	87	85	Kylene Cook Anderson	WI
TCG-KM CASSINO ENDLESS-ET	85	83	85	Andy Vaz, Scott Babek & Brian Frisch	NM
HILMAR FREDDIE 4068	84	86	85	Hilmar Holsteins, Inc.	CA
BENNETT-FARMS FINALCUT ROSS	86	83	85	Todd A. Hayton	NY
MISS-LONG-GREEN CELESTE	86	86	85	Joseph W. Osinga	TX
KINGSMILL SANCHEZ TOSHA-ET	83	82	85	Conner Hill	AR
RUBI-SWEET LATHAM KENDRA	85	83	85	Marvin Rubingh	MI
H-KLEE FARM LARGENT CORRECT	88	84	85	Klee Farms	MI
MS LAKOTA RAES LIVIA-ET	85	82	85	Erinwood Gen., Select Gen. & Tom Mercuro	NY
ERINWOOD-TM GOLD DANAE-ET	84	83	85	Davis & Richard Schwartzbeck & Mike Heath	MD
GEN-ACE NIAGRA KEENDRA 5903	83	82	85	Jim, Bill & Andrew Genasci	CA
GEN-ACE PONTIAC GREAT 5904	86	82	85	Ed, Jim & Bill Genasci	CA
MD-CEDAR-KNOLL SANCHEZ 325	85	83	85	Cedar Knoll Farms	MD
ENSENADA BOULDER PERSIST-ET	86	82	85	Joshua D. & David A. Bishop	PA
PLUSHANSKI SEBASTION FARBEE	86	82	85	Daniel A. Brandt	PA
ROB-SARA JASPER BARBIE-ET	86	83	85	Gregory Warren Knutsen	DE
MS CRANEHILL DOMAIN DIVA-ET	86	82	85	Sugar Creek Dairy	WI
BEAVER-FLATS LIGHT POSSIBLE	87	78	85	Jeffrey D. Dana	NY
BEAVER-FLATS ATWD COTTEN-ET	85	86	85	Jeffrey D. Dana	NY
POTTERS-FIELD PNG K12019-ET	86	82	85	Potter Farm LLC	NY
SPRUCE-HAVEN ATW BJ12230-ET	87	82	85	Spruce-Haven Farm	NY
SPRUCE-HAVEN SUPR K12232-ET	86	82	85	Spruce-Haven Farm	NY
WARGO-ACRES KNOWLEDGE JODIE	85	83	85	Wargo Acres	WI
WARGO-N-JD DORIS-ET	86	82	85	Craig Carncross & Jason Danhof	WI
WARGO-ACRES MARGARITA	86	82	85	Wargo Acres	WI
WARGO-ACRES DAMION NACHO	83	85	85	Wargo Acres	WI
WARGO-ACRES VICTORIA	85	83	85	Wargo Acres	WI
WARGO-ACRES AUDREY 1097	85	82	85	Wargo Acres	WI
EVANGELO SANCHEZ JULIE	86	80	85	Jason Evangelo	CA
LADYS-MANOR DRCY DALANEY-ET	87	83	85	Ladys Manor LLC	MD
LADYS-MANOR AMAZING TOPAZ	86	83	85	Ladys Manor LLC	MD
LADYS-MANOR GINGERBREAD-TW	86	83	85	Ladys Manor LLC	MD
LADYS-MANOR BIG TIME DEB	87	82	85	Ladys Manor LLC	MD
LADYS-MANOR DRCY DELANEY-ET	86	86	85	Ladys Manor LLC	MD
LADYS-MANOR PADDY TOPAZ	84	88	85	Ladys Manor LLC	MD
LADYS-MANOR JAKE PUTZ	86	83	85	Ladys Manor LLC	MD
LADYS-MANOR SUPER SHAWNEE	88	79	85	Ladys Manor LLC	MD
LADYS-MANOR BRAXTON ABBY	87	81	85	Ladys Manor LLC	MD
LADYS-MANOR DORA SUMMER-ET	86	84	85	Ladys Manor LLC	MD
MAYERLANE LOOKING GOOD	84	86	85	Darren M. Kamphuis	WI
KAY-BEN JASPER LIVIE	85	81	85	Eben J. Benson	ME
KAY-BEN TARTINI ADINE	88	79	85	Kay-Ben Holsteins	ME
FRONT-PAGE MIAMI SHINE	86	83	85	Gary & Patty Edelburg	WI
ASKEW-JANES MAC RITA	85	83	85	James H. Janes	WI
JANESTEAD JASPER JEWEL	87	80	85	James H. Janes	WI
HILLTOP-LLC SANCHEZ 4604	88	83	85	Hilltop Dairy LLC	WI
HILLTOP-LLC LIGHTNING 4660	85	85	85	Hilltop Dairy LLC	WI
HILLTOP-LLC TALENT 4665	86	81	85	Hilltop Dairy LLC	WI
HILLTOP-LLC BOLTON 4705	85	85	85	Hilltop Dairy LLC	WI
HILLTOP-LLC IMPRESSION 4728	85	82	85	Hilltop Dairy LLC	WI
LMY DEANN DARLA	86	86	85	Newell C. Rawlings	MI
KAMPY LAURIN JACKLYNN	85	85	85	Kamphuis Farms LLC	WI
HARMONY-HO DAMION QUAHOG	83	85	85	Ralph A. Bredl, Jr.	WI
HARMONY-HO SANCHEZ QUIGLEY	88	83	85	Ralph A. Bredl, Jr.	WI
HARMONY-HO KOLTON QUINTO	87	82	85	Ralph A. Bredl, Jr.	WI
HARMONY-HO LAURIN QUAXO	83	85	85	Ralph A. Bredl, Jr.	WI
HARMONY-HO SANCHEZ Q-TIP	87	85	85	Ralph A. Bredl, Jr.	WI
ROPUT CHAMPION LISA	86	83	85	James R. Putman	NY
BER-SHER EXPLO ROBERTA RY	86	83	85	Owen, Brant & Damion Bontekoe	MI
ZIMS-HILLS SHOTGUN SHELBY	85	82	85	Steven Zimdars	WI
JAZZY-D SANCHEZ LORALIE	86	86	85	Diana Zimdars	WI
ZIMS-HILLS ALERT ELLEN	86	81	85	Steven Zimdars	WI
LORITA TOYSTORY SAPPHIRE	86	83	85	Durrer Dairy	CA
VALLEY-DRIVE SANCHEZ ALIYAH	87	83	85	Valley-Drive Holsteins LLC	WI
VALLEY-DRIVE SANCHEZ BOLERO	85	85	85	Valley-Drive Holsteins LLC	WI
EHRHARDT LAIDEN CINDY-TW	87	81	85	Ehrhardt Farms, Inc.	MD
EHRHARDT GOLDWYN BETH-ET	87	83	85	Ehrhardt Farms, Inc.	MD
CHRISLEACRES LT MARGARITA	86	82	85	Valerie C. Kramer	WI
COLDSPRINGS DESMOND 4064	86	82	85	Matthew M. Hoff	MD
COLDSPRINGS DESMOND 4080	86	84	85	Matthew M. Hoff	MD
COLDSPRINGS MILLION 4083	86	81	85	Matthew M. Hoff	MD
COLDSPRINGS SUPER 4087	86	81	85	Matthew M. Hoff	MD
COLDSPRINGS GABOR 4146	87	78	85	Ian A. Hoff	MD
COLDSPRINGS BRONCO 4158	84	82	85	Matthew M. Hoff	MD
COLDSPRINGS BRONCO 4163	86	81	85	Matthew M. Hoff	MD
COLDSPRINGS LIGHTNING 4177	85	83	85	Matthew M. Hoff	MD
COLDSPRINGS SHAKA 4188	84	84	85	Matthew M. Hoff	MD
COLDSPRINGS PLANET 4246	86	79	85	Matthew M. Hoff	MD
HEINZE LAVANGUARD JUNE	85	81	85	Mark T. Heinze	WI
HEINZE ALEXANDER TOTUM	83	85	85	Mark T. Heinze	WI
HEINZE PROMAR 2156	86	81	85	Mark T. Heinze	WI
MEY-VILLA LAURIN RIPPLE	86	82	85	Bernard M. Meyer	WI
MEY-VILLA MAC FRESNO-TW	85	84	85	Jerome E. Meyer	WI
MEY-VILLA MAC FRISCO-TW	83	85	85	Jerome E. Meyer	WI
MEY-VILLA SANCHEZ FOUNTAIN	86	83	85	Jerome D. Meyer	WI
MEY-VILLA BRAXTON RIZZLE	86	83	85	Bernard M. Meyer	WI
DINOMI DOMAIN STACY	87	78	85	Vincent Migliazzo	CA
PEACE&PLENTY SANCHEZ EBBIE	85	83	85	Joseph A. Schwartzbeck	MD
UNITED-PRIDE FREDDIE 4367	87	85	85	United Pride Dairy	WI
GOFF LARIAT 37380	86	82	85	Buster I. Goff	NM
CHA-LIZ JAVA 6417	85	82	85	Cha-Liz Farm LLC	NY
JMK SHAMPOO 9726	87	84	85	John Koster	TX
SWIGGUM MY SPACE CRICKET	85	81	85	Erik Leif Swiggum	WI
ARTIE-JAY ALEXIS DAMION	86	83	85	Arthur R. Johnson, Jr.	MD
KEVREL MANOMAN MAY-ET	84	83	85	F. Kevin Leaverton	MD
PALMYRA MUFFIN SAPHIRE	85	83	85	Ryan William Shank	MD
KA-DA ATLANTIC 77	86	82	85	Kainer Dairy	TX
ARB-FLO-SPR ABS RALEIGH-RED	86	83	85	Aryn Arbaugh	MD
BUR-RODZ BOXER EBONI	86	78	85	Rodney A. Zietlow	WI
GOLDCREST MICHAEL CYBIL-ET	86	83	85	Corwin R. Holtz	NY
SUTTON ADVENT EMMY	86	79	85	Jillian Sutton	MD
TULIP-POND BEN LINDSEY	86	83	85	Cathleen Doody	MD
LINDALE JASPER FEODORA	85	84	85	Dale & Linda Drendel	IL
FARNEAR DOMAIN ZDALLAS-ET	88	79	85	Rick & Tom Simon	IA
FARNEAR DOMAIN ZDAYTON-ET	87	83	85	Rick & Tom Simon	IA
FARNEAR GOLDEN LOVESTAR-ET	86	84	85	Rick & Tom Simon	IA
GOLDEN-OAKS SUPER DAISY-ET	86	82	85	Aaron L. Hass	WI
GOLDEN-OAKS GOLD CHARAE-ET	85	84	85	Golden Oaks Farm	IL
GOLDEN-OAKS ALEXANDER CADEE	84	85	85	Golden Oaks Farm	IL
GOLDEN-OAKS CHRISTMAS-ET	87	82	85	Golden Oaks Farm	IL
GOLDEN-OAKS MADISON-ET	86	82	85	Golden Oaks Farm	IL
VIETHSONS BOLTON PEG HENNY	85	86	85	Jerry Vieth	TX
VIETHSONS TOYSTORY PEG BABY	86	84	85	Jerry Vieth	TX
SIEMERS DURHAM FEARLES-ET	86	82	85	James L. Behling	WI
FRONTIER POTO BRIGID-TW	85	84	85	Frontier Dairy	MT
WEBB-VUE BOLTON MERRITT	85	83	85	Robert A. Webb	WI
GEN-ACE LOU CANDY 6045	84	83	85	Genasci Dairy, Inc.	CA
GEN-ACE SANCHEZ KATY 6147	85	83	85	Andrew Genasci	CA
LUCK-E CONTENDER AREASHA	85	84	85	Matt L. Engel	IL
HOEK-TEX ADVANTAGE 6074-RED	86	85	85	Gerard Hoekman	TX
STAR-ROCK GABOR 6276	84	85	85	Star Rock Farms	PA
RAG-MER MIRABELLA-RED-ET	85	85	85	Nick Raggi & Tom Mercuro	MD
DURCHAN DIVINE MS DIVA-ET	86	82	85	Kingstead Farms & Tom Mercuro	MD
MIGLIAZZO DOMAIN RALEY	87	82	85	Migliazzo & Sons Dairy	CA
NOR-BERT FREDDIE MAY-ET	82	88	85	Richard F. & Kathy S. Demmer	IA
STONE-FRONT TANNENBAUM	86	87	85	Andrew Jay & Lynette E. Buttles	WI
STONE-FRONT DIGGER CHRIS	85	87	85	Andrew Jay & Lynette E. Buttles	WI
DE-URFEE EXQUISITE EQUITY	86	82	85	Steven & Daniel Durfee	NY
VAZDALE CASHMAN TABRIA	82	86	85	Andrea Vaz	NM
T-C-G REBEL-RED-ET	85	82	85	Triple Crown Genetics	ID
FRAN-BAR AFTERSHOCK ALEA	86	84	85	W. Franklin, Jr. & Jeffery F. Moore	MD
SEAGULL-BAY DOMAIN CALY-ET	86	79	85	Seagull Bay Dairy, Inc.	ID
WINDSOR-MANOR Z SPICE	85	82	85	D. Richard Flickinger	MD
WINDSOR-MANOR SAN ZEEVA-ET	88	83	85	Joseph A. Schwartzbeck	MD
MAR-LINDA-K DAMION JILETTE	86	76	85	Nicole K. Wright	WI
P-ZBW SANCHZ MS TRINITY-ET	85	83	85	Kevin Ziemba & Joseph Piskorowski	NY
P-ZBW SANCHEZ TAMARA-ET	83	84	85	Kevin Ziemba & Joseph Piskorowski	NY
ST-JACOB SANCHEZ HOLLAND-ET	86	81	85	Green & Gold Syndicate	NJ
WARGO-ACRES MILLION 1111	86	85	85	Wargo Acres	WI
STAR-ROCK AFTERSHOCK 6435	87	82	85	Star Rock Farms	PA
SUM-R-SETT OBS MIRROR-ET	87	83	85	Ladys Manor LLC	MD
LADYS-MANOR ASHMORE MARILYN	86	83	85	Eliza Freeman	MD
ZBW LAURIN ARIEL-ET	83	85	85	Woodcrest Dairy LLC	NY
ZBW DESTRY APRICOT	86	76	85	Woodcrest Dairy LLC	NY
HOLLY-BROOKS TDEE RONNI-ET	85	82	85	Woodcrest Dairy LLC	NY
BRUNLAND SANCHEZ DAKOTA	86	79	85	Kristen & Jenna Broege	WI
HAR-DEE ADVENT EVE-RED-ET	85	81	85	Lindsay S. Mitchell	TX
MY-STYLE AFTSHOCK ZEBRA-ET	85	82	85	Robert C & Joyce Ringler Hoffman	PA
ROSEDALE COST OF FREEDOM	85	82	85	Rosedale Genetics Ltd	WI
ROSEDALE GHETTO CAT	86	82	85	Rosedale Genetics Ltd	WI
ROSEDALE HOPELESS ROMANTIC	86	80	85	Rosedale Genetics Ltd	WI
ROSEDALE OH MY DUECE	88	81	85	Rosedale Genetics Ltd	WI
AARDEMA GARRETT 86374	86	82	85	Double A Dairy	ID
ZIM-FAM ACME DAWN	86	83	85	Zimdars Family Farm	WI
WIERSMA DESTRY ANNETTE	85	88	85	Jacob Wiersma	TX

* BEI (Bullvine Efficiency Index) – each sire’s ranking is as a percent of the top sire

Robust stands out as the definite leader of this group for efficiency. Ranked second with overall high ratings for all categories is Observer.

Canadian Proven Sires

Table 5 contains the top ten sires with Canadian daughter proofs.

PNG


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* BEI (Bullvine Efficiency Index) – each sire’s ranking is as a percent of the top sire

AltaRazor handily comes to the top of this group with high ratings for fat yield, SCS, herd life and mammary. Chelios stands out for his ratings for SCS, daughter fertility, herd life and mammary.

The Bullvine Bottom Line

The genomically evaluated sires on these listings are more closely ranked than the daughter proven sires. As would be expected, none of the fifty sires are below average for herd life. A few are below average for SCS and daughter fertility and would need to be correctively mated to females that excel for those traits (Read More: Let’s Talk Mating Strategies). Profit oriented breeders will find sires from these lists that can achieve the goals they seek for their herd (Read More: What’s the plan?, FACT VS. FANTASY: A Realistic Approach to Sire Selection and From Fantasy to Reality – Top sires to address herd culling problems).

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Categories : Mating Recommendations

Tags : Feed Efficiency, Management, Mating Recommendations

Dairy Cow Behavior –Nature vs. Nurture?

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Thursday, December 12th, 2013

Which animal behavior type do you prefer to work with on your farm? The meek, the aggressive, the laid back, the eager calf that bunts the milk bottle out of your hand, the cows that get to the feed bunk first and stay there the longest …etc?. Perhaps the question should be “are animal behavior related traits something that cattle breeders need to be paying more attention to as they continue to replace people in their barns with machines?” If they are important, then more thought needs to be given to capturing field observations so we can have actual facts to base decisions on instead of some random comments in sire catalogues about a bull’s daughters’ behaviour characteristics.

New Technology

Each year breeders add new machinery or procedures to their operations in order to cut costs or increase revenue. The cows are simply expected to adapt and keep on producing large volumes of milk, fat and protein and get back in calf. Of course all the time doing it more cost efficiently. Well it just does not work that way. So breeders must cull the animals that do not adapt to the robotic feeder or milker, the new loud noise, the isolation in a pen, the crowding in pens and the list goes on. Seldom is the behaviour of our animals given a second thought when breeders make a change.

Behavior – Management or Genetic?

Recognizing that management plays a role in animal behaviour, we do need to ask ourselves if there are genetic difference between sires in how their daughters react to and cope with the daily routines and procedures on farms.

University of Guelph researchers and Holstein Canada, in 1985, surveyed breeders on behavioural traits and from the findings determined heritabilities of 0.16 for milking temperament, 0.12 for ease of handling and 0.11 for aggressiveness at feeding. The study also showed a strong correlation between milking temperament and ease of handling. From that research, milk recording in Canada started collecting breeder assessment of milking temperament on the second test day for all first calvers. Sire proofs for milking temperament are calculated by CDN. That has proven to be helpful information as no breeder wants cows that kick the milking unit off, do not easily settle to the milking routine and are not easy to handle or move.

In 2012, Kees van Reenan, Wageningen University reported that, based on many researchers’ studies, balanced breeding for animal lifetime profit includes selection for three main areas: i) milk production, ii) temperament / behavior (which includes animal fearfulness, ability to cope with stress & socially interact with contemporaries) and iii) fitness (which includes health, fertility and longevity). Breeders are already quite aware that selection for lactation milk yield without regard to fitness has left us with animals that may be inferior in health and longevity but definitely are inferior for fertility. With van Reenan’s findings we can also see that, if we do not include animal temperament and behaviour in our selection indexes, we could well be limiting our genetic progress for lifetime profit. In his research report heritabilities for temperament and behaviour are reported as moderate, similar to the Canadian study mentioned above. However the same old problem still exists – we do not have farm data to use to genetically evaluate animals for behavioural traits.

Let’s switch to beef cattle for a moment. Renowned Colorado State Animal Behavior Professor Temple Grandin reports that beef animals that remain calm in the squeeze chute when being weighed or worked with have 14% higher weight gains than agitated animals. Part of her studies also report lower fertility and poorer meat quality for the agitated cattle group. Since we do not have data for dairy heifers we do not know if fearful heifers, when under stress, may have lower fertility.

The take home message from research is that behaviour involves both management and genetics and it points to the need for more studies into dairy cattle behavior and how it impacts profitability.

Stress On Farm

Since the topic of animal behaviour is not frequently talked about in breeder circles, it can likely be said that breeders do not routinely think of ways to minimize animal stress. Breeders talk about the stresses associated with a cow having a difficult calving, with lameness and with mastitis. However what about the stress on a calf after a difficult birth, of boss animals on their pen mates, of the fear of isolation, of loud rough farm staff and of a host of other factors.

The approach breeders often take is to allow animals, that do poorly due to stress, to self eliminate. Yes breeders want calm, not easily stressed, animals but in designing their buildings and selecting their sires they may not be giving adequate attention to animal behaviour and temperament.

Where Does This Leave Breeders?

Only in the Nordic Countries and Canada are there genetic evaluations for temperament. So the vast majority of breeders, around the globe, do not have access to genetic information for behavioural traits. Since we do not have genetic evaluations based on farm data we can not even calculate genomic indexes from DNA profiling.

All breeders can do is: i) not raise heifers that themselves or their family’s exhibit poor behaviour or temperament (link to not raising all heifers article); ii) redesign their facilities or management to minimize animal stress factors; or iii) cull problem animals.

Some sires with high ratings for milking temperament in Canada include:

Long-Langs Oman Oman-ET 113
Picston Shottle 112
Amighetti Numero Uno-ET 110 (DGV)
Zahbulls Alta1stClass-ET 110 (DGV)

The Bullvine Bottom Line

The area of animal behavior could definitely benefit from more thought and study. At both the farm and research levels, there needs to be input. Until there is data captured at the farm level and genetic evaluations are produced, breeders will only be able to address this problem from a management perspective or by culling otherwise valuable animals. Knowing the genetic answers to animal behaviour problems would have the benefit of giving both breeding stock and milk production focused breeders the opportunity to enhance on-farm profits.

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Categories : Management

Tags : Dairy Cow Behavior, Genetic, Management, milking temperament, Technology

Tidings of Cow Comfort and Joy

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Tuesday, December 10th, 2013

As the Christmas season gets into full swing it`s time to share the spirit of the season with the hard-working cows in the barn. Very soon we will look back on all the numbers that brought the dairy operation success in the past year. Genetics, feed, health and environment all contribute to the bottom line. Cow comfort can represent up to 30%. Sometimes it receives the least attention. We can`t afford to throw away $3 of every $10 on an average $4500 annual revenue per cow. In a 100 cow herd that is disregarding $135,000. That doesn`t work at Christmas time or any other time of the year.

COW COMFORT is the GIFT that JUST KEEPS ON GIVING

When dairymen invest in something that improves the comfort of their cows, it pays itself back. The cows are the one line item that cannot be dispensed with. Anything done to improve the working environment and how the cows operate in it is a win-win. It is impossible to send your herd on a vacation to a warmer climate. Even if you could, they probably wouldn’t perform well in the hotter conditions. Nevertheless there are ways to give them a holiday from the stresses of their living current living quarters. You have to start by considering everything — from bedding surface and stall size to ventilation and lighting. New products and technologies are continually being introduced and developed. It is up to each breeder to find innovative solutions to get the most out of the dairy operation. In this win-win situation your bottom line will celebrate too!

MAKING A COMFORT LIST AND CHECKING IT TWICE

Cow comfort is one area of dairy operation management where it pays to go to great lengths to provide optimal cow comfort since it affects not only herd health, but their production and, most importantly, their reproduction! Here are some comforting Christmas season reminders:

The weather outside is frightful. But the barn is so delightful. A combination of fans and mechanical curtain walls play a critical role in ventilating some barns. The fans and curtain walls are engaged by a thermostat, which ensures the barn is kept at a constant temperature. There are many possible systems but the final result is fresh, moving air.
Let there be Light. Automatic controls to regulate the lighting system will ensure that cattle receive 16-18 hours of full light per day.
Lying All Snug in Their Beds: There are many options – sand, waterbeds, and straw packs etcetera. The goal is to provide a clean, dry surface for the cows to lie on.
Walking in a Winter Wonderland: While it’s unlikely that your herd is walking through snowdrifts, it is important that the surface they walk on is clean, slip-free and not so hard that it causes leg injuries.
Everything is Shining and Bright: In free stall barns the brushes clean the cow, remove old hair, and studies have shown they increase blood flow. We also think the brushes provide a bit of fun for the cows.
It’s Christmas Cow Party Time: Dairy nutrition is a separate discussion on its own but cow comfort is impacted by hygiene and the design of access to clean feed and water 24/7. If you want your party eggnog you may want to provide ceramic tile feeding areas and always, always make sure that head gates or feed access don’t result in injury.

HOW ARE YOUR MAIDS A-MILKING?

Of course milking is the key activity that takes place on a dairy farm. We know how that effects that milking. How does it affect the milk-producing team? When you look over your herd from their viewpoint, would you be on the naughty or nice list?

Let’s take that a step further and look at milking systems such as the move to robotic milkers. Here is another new technology that also pays big dividends in the area of cow comfort. Promoted as “letting cows be cows” robots don’t drive the milking schedule, the cows do. They eat when they want. They milk when they’re ready. They drink and sleep as they need to. The robotic system makes sure that milking is done as needed. Cows enter the robotic system where their identification is scanned and it is confirmed whether she needs to be milked or not. If she doesn’t need milked, a gate opens and the cow leaves the area. If she is ready to be milked, the milking cups are automatically attached. The entire process takes approximately 8 minutes, and the cow is fed food pellets while she’s waiting. All pluses from the comfort side of the pipeline.

COUNTDOWN TO CHRISTMAS COW COMFORT

Before you make the decision to invest significant dollars in increasing cow comfort you need to know exactly what you need. It is ironic, that we all look at our cows every day but are we really seeing them in terms of how comfortable they are in the environment we are providing for them? There are several checkpoints that should be on your comfort checklist. Once you have checked them often enough that they become second nature, you will have an idea of what issues might need resolving. You need to be like Santa and make a list and check it much more often than twice. Here are some things to start with:

Locomotion. An unbalanced walk or a curved back could indicate lameness or digestion problems.
Body Temperature. A cow should have a temperature of 38 to 39 °C. Cold ears might indicate milk fever or blood circulation problems.
Foot or leg injuries. Heel erosion or skinned hocks are mainly caused by problems with bedding or bedding materials, incorrectly adjusted barn equipment and/or hoof infection.
Cud chewing: A cow should ruminate for seven to 10 hours per day, ruminating 40 to 70 times on a cud. Taking less time indicates inadequate rations.
Contented: A contented cow looks alert and powerful, with a glossy skin and a full stomach.
Neck injuries: A swollen neck is mainly caused by a feed fence being too low or incorrectly adjusted barn equipment.
Hoof health: Healthy cows stand straight and still while eating. Tipping or walking with a lame gait are signs of discomfort. This can be caused by bad rations, poor floors or lack of hoof treatment. Always look underneath hoofs during hoof trimming for extra signs and judge hoof health with locomotion scoring.
Respiration: Normal breathing ranges from 10 to 30 breaths a minute for a cow. Faster breathing indicates heat stress or pain and fever.

SO WE ASK, “WHO IS ASLEEP ON THE HAY?”

One of the best indicators that you are providing your herd with optimum cow comfort can be seen by observing how often they are lying down. It takes high levels of endurance to meet the stresses of high performance dairy production. As cattle caregivers it is our job to provide the highest level of comfort for them to perform. What does comfort have to do with performance? The real question is “How much does discomfort affect results?” If your herd could talk to you about their comfort levels, what would they say? Would they compliment the soft, bedded freestalls, the wide alley ways, and the roominess of the feedbunk? Or would they be more likely to mention that they spend more time competing for feed than they do eating it and resting afterward? Are they interacting with their own age group or are they being edged out by older cows? Don’t be caught under the haystack fast asleep when it’s your cows that should be resting.

THE BEST STOCKING IS NEVER OVER-STUFFED!

In a study that was done in Sweden several years ago, herds that had more free stalls than cows got as much as 5 lbs more milk per cow per day. Other studies have reported similar results of increased milk production when stocking density is decreased and the cows have more time to rest. Generally speaking, herds that have less stocking density in relations to stalls will have more available feed bunk space. We measure the milk they produce, we classify the conformation they achieve and we use Genomics to plan their breeding. We say, “We do just as well as everybody else.” AH! There’s the rub! Is that good enough or even true? Studies were done in Spain of several herds that were of the same genetic merit that were fed the exact same ration. The only factor that was variable was the management and housing of the cows. There was a 29-pound milk production difference when comparing the farms. How the cows were handled and housed accounted for the 29 pound difference! Multiply that by herd size and you understand how cow comfort really impacts your herd profitability.

THE BULLVINE BOTTOM LINE

While it is fun to prepare for the holiday season, our real dairy work must go on and taking cow comfort into consideration can bring our passion for cows and constantly improving dairy management onto the calendar. The Bullvine joins cow lovers everywhere in looking forward to a happy holiday barn and home season this December and, even more importantly, “A HAPPY MOO YEAR!

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Categories : Management

Tags : Cow Comfort, Foot or leg injuries, Hoof Health, Management

Should you be raising your own heifers?

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Tuesday, December 3rd, 2013

Every week dairy breeders read about better ways to raise their heifers. Take care and precaution at birth, follow health protocols, feed them properly and calve them at 24 months. These are all topics contained in the dairy farm press or on the Internet. However for most breeders there are four significant things that stand out as being topics that still need breeder attention. In Bullvine fashion we decided to weigh in on them with renewed vigour. We want every breeder to take the opportunity to be more successful.

Raising Too Many

Can you believe it – the vast majority of breeders just cannot get past raising every heifer calf that is born alive?

Their long established practice has been that we raise every heifer and sell, at a profit, the ones we do not need for herd replacements. Well sadly but truthfully today that profit has disappeared. An Internet search shows that dairy extension specialists are saying that it costs $2,000 to $2,500 in North America and 1,500 to 1,800 Euros in the EU to raise a heifer to calve at 25-26 months of age. And that does not put an initial value at birth for the heifer which can be from $300 to 500 Euros depending on genetic merit. Yes, in total, it is costly. And we have all heard the justification that labor should not be included in the total. That thinking is totally old fashioned. Especially given, that at the present time, average quality fresh first calvers are selling for $1,600 to $2,100. It just does not make economic sense that the sellers should be subsidizing the buyers to the tune of 500 to 800 dollars.

Yes, I know breeders say, “But it is different for me”. Oh really? How does that work for breeders focusing on using their forages, labor and facilities to produce milk efficiently? It is better to use the homegrown forage to feed heifers, to keep workers busy and heifer barns full rather than producing extra milk, using fewer staff and finding an alternate revenue generating use for the extra space? I think not!

On a breeding stock basis in the later part of 2013 many 2000 GPA TPI or 2500 GPA LPI bred heifers sold in North America for less than $2000. (Read more: An Insider’s Guide to What Sells at the Big Dairy Cattle Auctions 2013) I heard breeders sharing with other breeders that that price was okay. But was it profitable? No! And if you had added expenses to get the calf, like ET or IVF, then definitely not! Sometimes there is the opportunity to sell a heifer here or there that might do some show winning. But those are few and far between and then their maximum value is likely before the show season starts not afterwards. I know of parents of 4Hers or Junior breed members who want a show calf for their child. That is all well and good but it seems to me that it is much easier to buy a high quality calf rather than try to breed it. Besides including the young person in the buying experience may be quite beneficial for their learning experience.

Current prices on fresh first calvers all boils down these things. A current limited demand, an over supply of heifers and milk prices or quota limitation holding back major industry expansion. The use of sexed semen and producers getting their involuntary culls under control are also significant factors. Heifer rearing costs doubled from 1997 to 2007 and are likely to double again by 2015. No matter how you look at it raising more heifers than you need at this time is a waste of your time, resources and assets.

No Records – Can’t Manage

Traditionally dairymen have recorded the inputs and performance of their cows but not their heifers. Well that practice is no longer enough as on-farm margins tighten. Inputs to the heifer herd and heifer performance need to be monitored using herd management software. Many such types of software exist. Usually it is easiest if the heifer programs from the milking herd software is used for the heifers and dry cows as it makes the transition from non-milking to milking automatic. It is highly recommended that the information inputted also include financials in addition to growth, health, reproduction and nutrition.

To benchmark your heifer herd here are some Central North America numbers to use to compare to your herd:

Per Heifer per Day

* Total Cost $2.90 (Birth to 26 months)

* Average Feed Cost $1.30 (45%)

* Avg Labour & Management Cost $0.69 (23%)

* Avg Variable Cost $0.29 (10%)

* Avg Fixed Cost $0.12 (04%)

* Initial Value at Birth $0.50 (18%)

Of course these costs will differ based on a number of factors including degree of automation, facilities, feeds fed and size of operation. The average daily cost will be highest for the babies (perhaps $3.25+) and lowest for second and third trimester pregnant heifers (if on pasture it could be as low as $2.00).

Definitely, if you don’t have the facts, you cannot manage and improve your heifer operation.

Breed Them Younger

Dairymen following an aggressive growing program now have their heifers at breeding weight (700 lbs / 320 kgs) by 11 months of age. Some dairymen report breeding at the first heat after this weight is reached while others using those programs adhere to breeding on the first heat after 12 months of age. One thing often referred to in the literature is that young heifers like that routinely have higher conception rates (70%) than 17-18 month old heifers (60%), can have less edema at calving and less difficult calvings due mainly to a smaller calf. Heifers on aggressive growing programs can easily reach 1300 lbs at 22 months of age.

Average age at first calving across North America is about 26 months, while a recent number from the UK is 28 months. Reports show a double edged benefit from calving at 22 rather than 26 months, Firstly there is a $300 saving in raising cost. Secondly there is $7,000 more milk revenue in their lifetime.

Pick the Right Genetics

For breeders focusing on milk as their major source of revenue the Bullvine has frequently produced criteria and lists of bulls to use (Read more: Mating Recommendations). The factors important to efficient milk production can also be important to getting healthy calves and include, calving ease, fertility, temperament, mobility including rear legs rear view and feet and body condition score. Additionally it would be nice to know about heifer growth rates, disease resistance and ability to compete in large groups but without field data genetic evaluations cannot be produced. It is quite important to consider the heifer herd in addition to the milking females when making your breeding decisions.

The Bullvine Bottom Line

As breeders plan for their next calf crop it is time to thoroughly review heifer rearing practices. If the heifer herd on your farm is not vital to your milking operation or it is not already a profit center, then it is time to get your pencil out, calculate your heifer rearing numbers and make the decisions to realize more farm profit. Ignoring today’s economic realities when it comes to the heifer herd can be very costly.

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Tags : Heifer Raising, Management, Profital Best Practices

Are Your Genetics Wasting Feed and Labor?

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Thursday, October 10th, 2013

Throughout my education and my career in livestock improvement I have heard learned people say ‘the fields of nutrition, reproduction, management and genetics are independent of each other’. As recently as last week I had a nutritionist tell me that what geneticists do is secondary to what a nutritionist can do when it comes to on-farm profit. Well today I wish to challenge that theory of no inter-relationships.

Although I do not want to get into a back-and-forth between genetics and other disciplines, the purpose for this article is to challenge our thinking and see if there are in fact ways that genetics can be complimentary to nutrition, reproduction and management. It takes all disciplines working collaboratively to enhance on-farm profits thereby providing consumers with the dairy products they wish to consume.

If a stranger walked into your facilities and told you that you are wasting 20% of the feedstuffs you produce or that 20% of your daily labor could be eliminated would you throw them off the farm? Or would you stop and listen and consider taking action? If that stranger was your genetic supplier would you continue to consider their advice or would you scoff at them saying that “the genetics you use can not reduce your costs or increase your revenue”.

The following are areas that have a genetic component to them that deserve consideration:

Reproduction

Heifers not calving before 24 months or cows with an extra month or two in the dry pens each lactation take feed and labor at the rate of $2 to $4 (avg $3) per day. A heifer that does not calve until 27 months and takes an extra 45 days per lactation in the dry pen has costs an unnecessary $675 by the time she starts her fourth lactation at 69 months of age. By that time that heifer should be half way thru her fourth lactation. She not only costs an extra $675 but has lost $3000 in milk and progeny revenue by 69 months of age. The dollars lost add up quickly.

Genetically consider using only sires that are well above average for DPR +1.0 / DF 105, cull heifers and cows with below average fertility ratings either their genetic rating or actual performance, and do not use bulls or retain females that are below 100 for Body Conditioning Score. If you are buying embryos or replacement females be sure to look at the genetic fertility ratings. Making excuses for buying below average animals or embryos is false economy. Another factor that is not a genetic rating, but has a direct bearing on reproduction is Sire Conception Rating. Remember that for each 21 days (one cycle) a female is open it costs $63 and that does not consider increased semen and insemination costs.

Productive Life / Herd Life

Improving just one year of herd life, from a herd average of three to four lactations, can markedly improve the revenue a cow will generate in her lifetime. An extra 26,000 pound or 12,000 kgs per cow per lifetime also reduces the number of heifers that need to be raised or purchased. In a 300 milking cow herd the total of added revenue and reduced heifer costs can be as much as $300 net per cow per year. As heifer rearing is no longer a major profit centre, like it once was, why incur the feed and labor costs of extra heifers?

Using sires that are at least PL +4.5 or HL 110 is strongly recommended. Females should not be retained for breeding or replacement or purchased as embryos where the cow family members do not make it to third lactation.

Production

The volume of fat and protein produced by each cow each day is a key factor for revenue generation (Read more: Is too much water milking your profits? and 5 things you must consider when breeding for milk production). When that can be done with a lesser volume of water it means less strain on the cow and less water to transport to the milk processor. High output of components means fewer cows needing to be fed and milked to produce a given quantity of fat and protein. If daily yields are only moderate then feed is wasted feeding too many cows. At the processor more concentrated milk means less water needs to be removed and disposed of. It is a win–win for both the producer and the processor.

To achieve high fat plus protein yields requires that the sires used need to be ranked high genetically for total solids yield. In sire proofs that equates to bulls with 90 kgs fat + protein in Canada and 75 lbs in the USA. Cows should be culled for low total fat + protein yields per day not on volume of milk produced. When purchasing embryos make sure that the genetic merit for fat + protein yield is high.

Udder Health

On a continual basis the requirement for the maximum number of somatic cells in milk is lowered. It is estimated that each case of mastitis costs at least $300 in lost production and drugs. Add to that the extra labor required and the total cost, to all dairy farmers, associated with mastitis is huge. Sometimes we forgive cows and bulls with poor SCS rating because they have a high rating for a single other trait. That is false economy when you factor in the cost of feed, labour and lost milk revenue. We need to be paying more attention to milk quality in the future than we have in the past.

Animals above 3.00 for SCS should not be used in your breeding program. Better still would be to aim for using bulls that are 2.80 and lower for SCS. Of note is the fact that as of December 2013 CDN will be producing sire indexes for Mastitis Resistance (Read more: Official Genetic Evaluation for Mastitis Resistance).

Calving Ease

Producers have placed emphasis on calving ease over the past decade. It is now at the point where concern relative to calving difficulty is only mentioned for first calving heifers. Labor is saved with unassisted calvings. As well the dam and calf both get off to better starts. Less drug usage and quicker breeding back of the dam add up to major dollars saved no matter what the herd size.

Bulls receive indexes for both the ease with which their calves are born and for the ease with which their daughters give birth. It is advised to not use bulls that are rated below average for both direct and maternal calving ease.

Other Factors

Feet and Legs: Cows without mobility problems save on labor, lost feed and lost revenue. Use sires that are average or above average for both heel depth and rear legs rear view. Calves and heifers with feet and leg problems seldom get better with age. (Read more: Cow Mobility: One Step Forward or Two Steps Back?)
Feed Conversion: In all livestock there are genetic differences in the ability to convert feed to end product. As yet we do not know those genetic differences in dairy cattle but we will know them in time. (Read more: Feed Efficiency: The Money Saver and 30 Sires that will produce Feed Efficient Cows) In is a fact that big cows, producing similar volumes to a medium sized cow, can not be as efficient as they must eat feed to maintain their larger body mass. Some (New Zealand, Ireland, NMS formula,…) already have a negative weighting for body size in their total index formula In the future breeders need to be prepared to select for feed efficiency and likely re-think the ideal cow size. Stay tuned. Research is already underway on feed conversion in dairy cattle.
Milking Speed: Slow milking cows were once tolerated in tie stall barns even though they required more labor. Now with parlour, rotary and even robotic systems, cows that slow down the parlour process or that mean fewer cows per robot are not tolerated. Sire indexes for milking speed are available on all bulls in Canada and are often available from bull studs in other countries. Avoid using bulls that leave slow milkers.
Polled: Labor required and animal set backs after dehorning are negatives at the farm level. For consumers animal treatment/care is often a concern that may affect milk product consumption. Polled is not just trendy it will be the norm in the future. (Read more: Why Is Everyone So Horny For Polled?, From the Sidelines to the Headlines, Polled is Going Mainline! and Polled Genetics: Way of the Future or Passing Fad?), Genetic tests are now available that accurate identify animals as homozygous or heterozygous for polled. With each passing month the genetic merit for top polled animals for total merit (TPI, LPI NM$,..) is increasing. Producers need to decide when they will start to breed for polled.

The Bullvine Bottom Line

Every discipline is important to improving on-farm profits. Research at CDN showed that improved genetics accounted for, at least, 40% of the increase in on-farm profitability. Genetics can help reduce the two biggest on-farm cost – feed and labor. As well it can help drive up revenue per cow. Conclusion: Genetics can save on feed and labor costs. And Genetics can help generate more profit.

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Tags : Calving Ease, Feed Conversion, herd life, Management, Milking Speed, nutrition, Polled, Productive Life, Reproduction, Udder Health

Fertility: You Get What You Breed For

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Wednesday, May 29th, 2013

How often have you heard a 4H leader, FFA member, classifier or show judge say a heifer or cow must have slope from her hips to her pins and be wide in the pins because that’s what we need for good fertility? Yes we have all heard that many times. But is it true? Could it be that the Holstein bloodlines we have selected were poorer for fertility than other bloodlines we left behind half a century ago? And that rump conformation has a low correlation with fertility.

A Colorful Opinion

Something we can all agree on is that the fertility levels in our herds, the world over, are not what breeders would like them to be. I well remember just a year ago when I had a discussion with an old time Jersey breeder. True to form he was telling this Holstein guy that Holstein breeders have ruined the breed. Sure higher butterfat and protein yields and udders much higher off the ground were great moves but why the excessive stature, very flat and deep rear rib and the demand that animals be tall in the front end when nature did not make them that way? “Jersey cows don’t need to have sloping rumps in order to quickly get back in-calf. So why do Holsteins need sloping rumps?” His bottom line was that by going for the tall skinny cow syndrome we have selected against reproductively sound females. His concluding statement was “You are breeding cows not runway models.” Think about it, shorter, rounder cows that may give a little less milk but get in-calf quicker are very likely preferred by milk producers to the tall, deep rear rib, walk uphill ones.

Have we won a Little but Lost a Lot?

Have we selected our Holsteins for the ones that do not quickly get back in-calf? Is it possible that our breeding strategies have taken us in a wrong direction when female fertility is frequently the biggest cow problem that breeders have? (Read more: How Healthy Are Your Cows?)

Certainly over the past half century the average production of Holsteins has doubled. And yes in the past decade we are seeing more outstanding scoring (type classification) cows. And the winners at the shows are super cows with awesome mammary systems.

However whether it is genetics, nutrition or management, our calving intervals are longer and pregnancy rates are perhaps half what they were forty years ago. As well with the need for breeders to focus today on profitability there is the need to replace high cost manual labour with technology and there are moves ahead pointing to less use of drugs and medicines for food safety reasons. Therefore we need to find some way to put reproduction efficiency back into the Holstein cow. And do it by selection rather than by cross-breeding.

Skinny at Odds with Conception

Research and breeder experience has brought to our attention that cows that have above average body conditioning get back in-calf quicker and with less trouble than cows that sacrifice their body condition due to high yields, poor nutrition, inadequate transition cow feeding, poor conformation, … or maybe some combination of all of those.

The Billion Dollar Question

So I ask. “Now that we have sire and cow indexes for Daughter Pregnancy Rate (USA) and Daughter Fertility and Body Condition Score (Canada) are breeders using those indexes in their Breeding Programs?”

Bulls That Get Used

The Canadian Dairy Network, last week, published the thirty Holstein sires with the most daughters registered in Canada in 2012 (Read more: Canadian A.I. Market Share and Most Popular Sires for 2012) accounting for 40% of the total registrations. The remaining 60% were sired by 5900 other bulls. The Bullvine decided to study in some depth the 20 sires with the most registered daughters in Canada in 2012. Those twenty sired 35% of the females registered which should be a good benchmark for where the breed is heading.

Table 1 Sire Comparison – 2012 Daughters Born vs. 2011 Top Sires Available

Group	LPI	Milk (kg)	Fat (kg / %)	Protein (kg / %)	CONF	MS	F&L	HerdLife	DF	SCS	Udepth	CA
20 Bulls-most registered 2012	2075	1031	60 /+.21%	41 / +.06%	15	12	8	105	98	2.89	4s	102
20 Bulls - top in 2011	2392	1393	67/+.16%	55 / +.07%	10	10	9	108	102	2.87	4s	104
Difference	-317	-362	-7	-14	5	2	-1	-3	-4	-0.02	0	-2

Table 1 compares the twenty sires with the most registered daughters in 2012 to the top twenty Canadian proven LPI sires available to Canadian breeders in 2011. The short answers to the comparisons are: breeders use sires with lower LPIs, less production, more type, less fertility and less Herd Life than the very top LPI sires that A.I. organizations marketed. The shocking truth is that ten of the top twenty most used sires were below average for their Daughter Fertility (DF) indexes. One of those twenty sires had a DF index of only 88 while the top two sires were rated at 107 & 106. High (top 10%) but not overly high.

In case you are wondering if this is a Canadian phenomenon you can refer to a recent Bullvine article (Read more: Top Sires North American Breeders Are Using). The sires with most registered daughters in the USA have the same deficiency in their genetic merit for female fertility. Six of the top ten bulls with the most registered daughters in the middle half of April 2013 were below average for Daughter Pregnancy Rate. Different country same story.

Let’s take the Bull by the Horns

Even though we have only had fertility indexes on bulls for a few years, we as breeders are not using them to genetically improve female fertility in our herds. And it likely goes beyond that – are our A.I. organizations using them when selecting the parents of the next generation of bulls? After all over 90% of the genetic improvement in a herd comes from the sires used.

Fertility Sires

Sires do exist that top the April 2013 North American TPI™ and LPI listings and have fertility ratings in the top 25% of the Holstein breed. Breeders wishing to genetically improve their herds for female fertility should consider the following sires:

Table 2 Top Sires with High Fertility – April 2013

Click on image for enlargement

Of course we all want to know what we will have to give up to get the female fertility. Further analysis of the twenty-four bulls listed in Table 2 shows that only significant concession would be in ‘show type’ for eight of the twelve top proven sires. All bulls on this listing have above average indexes for PTAT or CONF.

The Bullvine Bottom Line

Half a century of breeding for increased yields, taller and more angularity cows have taken their toll on the fertility in our herds. Female fertility indexes are available for both males and females. With genomics these indexes became much more accurate. Now is the time to put the genetics for female fertility back into our modern Holsteins. It is not a “Perhaps or Maybe”, it is a “MUST”!

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Tags : Dairy Cattle Fertility, Daughter Fertility, Daughter Pregnancy Rate, LPI, Management, TPI

Why you should get rid of the bottom 10%

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Wednesday, May 1st, 2013

Before there was Donald Trump, there was Jack Welch, one of America’s greatest business leaders in history. During Jack Welch’s 20-year career as chairman and CEO of General Electric, GE’s company value rose 4000%. That is a 200% per year growth rate. More than 50 times that of the average company. How did Jack do it? He got rid of the bottom 10% of GE’s employees every year.

Such bold and committed action could also apply in dairy farming. Although most of us are so entrenched in our own operations that we cannot always be objective. But we should be objective. Managers must make the tough decisions. Are you ready to Fire the Bottom 10%? Management choices or decisions could very well be significantly dragging down your profits.

Random Poll

So The Bullvine polled dairy producers asking them:

“In managing your dairy enterprise, if someone said to you fire the Bottom 10% in order to increase your profits what would you do?”

The following four management areas were the ones the producers identified as their top “fire the bottom” moves.

Heifer Rearing

Producers tell us that the easiest and quickest change they can make is to stop raising all their heifer calves. In the past selling springing bred heifers or recently calved in first calvers was a revenue source. Some long for those days to return. The reality is that those days in North America are not about to reoccur with increased use of sexed semen and producers finding ways to retain still profitable older cows.

One producer in expansion mode dropped his heifer numbers back and used the barn space and feed to milk more cows. He did it using the heifer sized free stalls for a group of 22-26 month old milkers. Another producer changed his program to lower feed costs using a very high forage diet for all milking females thereby needing more cows to fill his daily milk shipments. His plan is that by dropping from 75 to 65 pounds of milk per cow per day he will have less cow turnover, a shorter calving interval and more profit per cow per day of productive life. Profit per cow per day (sometimes referred to as daily return over feed costs) is a term all producers are now using extensively.

Some producers report selling all heifer calves to a heifer raiser with the option of buying back needed replacements at $200 over going market price for any of his own heifers. He is very satisfied with them and he knows their ancestry. The only limiting factor being he must take care not to cause his farm any biosecurity problems with the reintroductions. He is considering testing his reintroduction for common diseases. But still sees that new cost much outweighing the cost for feed, labour or capital costs associated with raising his own replacements.

Reproductive Performance

Producers tell us that reproduction is their biggest thief of profits. Changing reproductive performance is not easy to put in place. Steps being taken include: not breeding back cows or heifers that have a history of poor reproductive performance; milkers requiring a fourth breeding are not rebred; purchasing heat monitoring systems; creating a group of cows 60 days in milk until confirmed pregnant or a decision is made not to rebreed and using high genomic bulls instead of AI.

Other producers have worked with specialists and redesigned their transition cow program. Many report excellent results relative to calving, no retained placentas or metritis, quick entry into the milking string and high percent of first heats post calving by 50 days in milk. They have found a savings in staff time handling problems and maintaining detailed records.

Still other producers have handed off heat checking to their AI technician with very good results. It is one less job for the milkers and animal feeders to do.

Animal Health

Producers share about the frustration with the excessive time required by a sick cow, or a lame cow or a sick calf. ‘If only we did not have to be taking an extra twenty minutes per day to deal with each animal with a health problem, besides the drugs cost and lost milk’.

One producer shared how he has built an expensive barn and manure handling system only to find that the number of cows with feet problems has exploded. His thinking is that producers are too willing to accept lameness, feet problems, foot trimming, footbaths, loss of milk, treatment costs and other detrimental issues as a cost of doing business. To that he added that in the end he had to spend even more money to re-design his housing system and now he has sand wearing out his equipment. He actually longed for the good old days when cows could walk on dry natural surfaces.

Few of the producers see a way clear of health problems. This suggests that, as an industry, we need to think – if what we are doing isn’t working for us we definitely need to step back from the problem and find effective approaches to handling animal health.

Technology

Producers have given this topic much consideration and many have implemented changes. The list was quite long but it often does not hurt to repeat what producers are doing. The list includes: install robotics; milking the cows less than 120 days fresh 3x; hiring out the field work to a custom operator thereby eliminating labour and capital cost; capturing more cow information at every milking in both parlour and tie stall barns, (as mentioned above) heat detection systems; training and assigning specialty jobs to staff; purchasing software programs that capture and analyze data so manager can make quick accurate decisions and the list went on. In all cases it appears that dollar cost-benefit criteria were used to base decisions on. Definitely this is an area that producers feel more comfortable with. Which is reassuring given that the average herd size is growing and wage rates are increasing.

The Bullvine Bottom Line

Jack Welch earned a reputation for brutal candor in his meetings with executives. He rewarded those in the top 20% with bonuses and stock options. Sometimes as dairy breeders we are guilty of looking at our operations as a way of life and not as a business. The hard truth is the dairy business decisions need to be based on dollars. Firing poor performers is not just good for your dairy business, it’s necessary. Where do you draw the firing line?

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3 Lessons Dairy Breeders can learn from Major League Baseball

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Tuesday, April 2nd, 2013

It’s in the air! Spring shows are starting. In some regions cows are getting outside for the first time in months. Most importantly, in major league baseball, spring training is over and it’s time to start the games that really matter. Every year Opening Day is marked with great anticipation by baseball fans. You can smell the hot dogs cooking on the grill and the feel of the leather glove in your hands. It’s baseball time baby. Now I bet you are wondering what dairy breeders can learn from baseball? Well here are three lessons dairy breeders can learn from professional baseball.

Lesson #1: Moneyball

The book and movie (starring Brad Pitt) Moneyball tells the story of how Billy Beane, GM for the Oakland A’s, used statistical analysis to find players who were undervalued by other teams. The movie was nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Picture. It made over $100 million. Billy Beane forever changed the way major league baseball teams look at assembling their teams. No longer is it about your gut feel. You need Jedi senses in order to develop winners. .

In modern major league baseball, managers now play the percentages. They usually go with what has a higher likelihood of success. So left-handed hitters bat against right-handed pitchers and vice versa. Certain individuals will be in the lineup against certain pitchers because of their record against that pitcher. Fielders shift to cover the hitting tendencies of batters (like the famous Jim Thome shift). Does this mean right-handed batters can’t hit against right-handed pitchers? No. Does it mean batters always hit to the same location or that the past will always repeat itself? Certainly not.

In dairy cattle breeding, when we talk numbers, that means Genomics. Genomics has greatly changed the way many breeders go about sire selection. (Read more: The Dairy Breeders Guide to Genomics, Genomics: Think Big Not Small and The Truth About Genomic Indexes – “Show Me” They Work! ) By knowing your breeding goals, understanding the genetics you have in your herd, and leveraging the power of genomics, breeders can greatly accelerate their genetic programs, and more importantly increase the efficiency. (link 30 efficient sires)

Does this guarantee 100% results? Does this mean you are going to have the next World Dairy Expo Champion (Read more: 7 Sires to Use in Order to Breed the Next World Dairy Expo Champion) or top genomic sire (Read more: The Top 12 Holstein Genomic Young Sires to Use for Maximum Genetic Gain)? No. Genomics does not guarantee 100% results. But percentages do play out. For consistency and overall greatest rate of genetic advancement it’s best to follow the greatest reliabilities and leverage genomics to have the greatest probability of success (Read more: Genomic Young Sires vs. Daughter Proven Sires: Which one is best for reliable genetic gain).

Lesson #2: You’ve got to master the basics

In baseball the teams that win the championships are not always the ones who have the highest payroll, or the biggest names, instead it the ones who have mastered the basics and can do so consistently. Advancing the base runner (hit, sacrifice or bunt), throwing to the correct base to get the lead runner out, backing up every throw and not throwing the ball away and getting the leadoff batter out, these are all the little things that contribute greatly to the success of major league baseball teams.

The same is true for your breeding program. Using the greatest sires in the world, on the most expensive females in the world does not guarantee success. You still need to master the basics of dairy farming in order to make success happen. Producing high-quality forage, producing high-quality milk (SCC <100,000), raising healthy calves and healthy cows is pivotal to any breeder program. Without mastering these basics all the genetics in the world will not make you a winner. Think about it. How many traits are highly heritable and how many are heavily management dependent? (Read more: The Genomic Advancement Race – The Battle for Genetic Supremacy)

Lesson #3: You need a good manager

Bob Melvin was named 212 AL Manager of the Year.

Just like having players that do the basics well, it’s important to have a good manager. Often a good manager is the reason professional baseball players are willing to do the basics well. A good manager is able to step back, assess the team that he/she has and then leverages player strengths and protects or improves their weaknesses. Some dairy breeders think of their breeding programs as an art form and do not give it the level of analysis and business management it requires. The best dairy farmers and breeders take the time to step back and ask themselves “What areas in my operation need more management?”

The Bullvine Bottom Line

As in baseball, success in dairy breeding does not happen overnight. It’s a long season in baseball and you have to be patient. You can’t make all the necessary changes right away. It takes years to build a championship team. The same is true for a successful breeding program. It takes the right moves and an attitude of continuous improvement. There will be setbacks and there will be lean times, but keep working at building a competitive business. Don’t be discouraged. Don’t get impatient. Never be complacent. In baseball it’s three strikes and you are out. In dairy breeding it depends on Moneyball, Mastery and Management. Fail at these three basics and there is no question your breeding program will strike out.

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Tags : Genomics, Management

Cow Mobility: One Step Forward or Two Steps Back?

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Wednesday, March 27th, 2013

The udder may be a cow’s most prized physical asset, but her feet and legs literally provide the support for everything she does. How many situations with problem cows boil down to problems with their feet and legs?

In most herds foot care and hoof trimming are considered to be a very necessary event and, therefore, an expense that cannot be avoided. With this absolute in mind, we tend to march on breeding, feeding and managing cows without taking the time to consider ways to stop merely treating the symptoms we`re stuck with. Solving the problem before it becomes a health or management problem could completely avoid starting our animals off on the wrong foot. The Bullvine invites you to consider the genetics of feet and legs with us to stimulate a breeding solution for these issues.

The Heels of a Dilemma

In milk recorded herds, culling cows for feet and leg problems is #1 on the list of conformation culling reasons. In the past, udder breakdown was once the leader. However breeders have placed sufficient emphasis on improving udders that we are now to the stage where milk producers are saying they do not need to select bulls for udder traits except to avoid ones that are too deep. It’s encouraging to know that with focus and time identified problems can be solved.

Although removal of horns may be the current hot button for people concerned about the welfare of animals, and therefore breeders are selecting for polled, there are numerous reports predicting that lame cows will be the next and much larger target.

Certainly, there are no dairypersons who are saying that feet and legs are good enough that genetic improvement for feet and legs is not needed.

Locomotion is Costing Us an Arm and a Leg

Reports show that for a cow with one temporary sore foot it reduces her annual profit by at least $100. So what is the cost of a cow with foot construction that requires trimming 3-5 times per year, medication, less milk production, milk withdrawal, extended calving interval and premature culling? Feet and leg problems could be costing some herds $300 per cow per year. On a one hundred cow herd that is $30,000 less profit. Significant by anyone’s standard.

A Vet Looks at the Genetics of Lameness

Gordon Atkins, DVM and a member of Holstein Canada’s Type Classification Advisory Committee, was a speaker at the recent annual meeting of the Wisconsin Holstein Association. He is not prepared to accept the fact that feet and leg heritabilities are as low as they currently appear to be. Additionally, he shared some interesting facts about feet and legs:

Lameness is 88% a rear foot situation
That leaves only 12% for it being a front feet and leg problem
The outside rear claws bear the brunt of the lameness issue
The fact is that the rear outside claw grows faster because it is growing tissue in response to the greater pressure it endures while walking
Thin cows have a higher incidence of lameness
Thin cows mobilized fat from their bodies including the fat from the foot pad or digital cushion within the base of the heel structure. This results in less protection for the foot and heel.
The foot’s fatty pad can be replaced as the cow regains body condition but over time scar tissue will form when adequate fat is not present in the pads

Dr Atkins went on to highlight

His very telling statement followed, that being, “we need to evaluate feet and legs better”

Diagram – Cross Section of a Bovine Foot

Let`s Go Toe to Toe with the Facts Only Please

Let’s summarize:

Dairy cattle have a genetic problem relative to feet and legs especially for animals not allowed to get off cement or to exercise
It is rear feet that are the major portion of the problem with respect to lameness

The Achilles Heel for Classifiers

The classification system scores numerous traits but there are factors in the area of feet and legs that are beyond their control. Foot angle is not a good trait to measure because it is so variable due to foot trimming. Cattle owners have feet trimmed before classification so type classifiers do not see the animals in their natural state. Classifiers do the best they can, given the circumstances. Add to this the fact that classifiers do not see every cow walking. Since the ability to walk is what is most important, classifiers again are at a distinct disadvantage.

Estimating heritability using classification data shows these percentages:

30% for bone quality (moderate)
24% for rear legs side view (moderate)
13% for rear legs rear view (low)
11% for foot angle (low)
8% for heel depth (low)

Yes the report card is in – we need to improve the evaluation feet and legs especially for rear feet and rear legs rear view. Genetically we have bred for thin cows and thus less fat in the foot pad. The only place we collect feet and leg data for genetic purposes is in the type classification programs and there the classifier, as mentioned, is at a disadvantage. What’s left that breeds, classifiers, people doing the genetic evaluations and breeders can do?

Getting a Toehold on the Solution

A collective approach is needed:

We must admit that we have a problem and that we need to find a solution to more accurately knowing the genetics of feet and legs.
The problem is not limited to one country and it is more prevalent in cattle not allowed to walk on natural surfaces.
Resources (people and money) must be allocated to investigation and research.

Some suggestions the Bullvine has heard on ideas to consider include:

observe or measure the females over their lifetime
evaluate the feet on calves at weaning
evaluate the feet on heifers at first breeding
measure the feet on first lactation females on their first milk recording test day (before they are trimmed)
compare sire’s daughter feet and legs on confined versus pastured daughters
compare the genomic profiles of cow families that are both desirable and undesirable for feet (and legs)

It is encouraging to see that there is one hoof trimmers’ guild that has public support for a study to collect pedigree information at the time of trimming, to complete a report of the condition of the feet before trimming and then to have the data analyzed. That could be a start.

In the Interim… Feet Forward

Research takes time and cows are bred every day, in the mean time, breeders must use the information currently available from sire indexes or proofs. It is strongly recommended that sires be highly ranked for Net Merit, TPI or LPI and higher than 1.5 FLC or +7 Feet & Legs. A recent addition to the information to consider on bulls is their Body Condition Scoring index. Bulls whose daughters do not get as thin during lactation should not drain all the fat from their foot pads. (Some Bullvine recommended sires to use can be found at From Fantasy To Reality – Top Sires To Address Herd Culling Problems)

The Bullvine Bottom Line- “Stop “Digging in Our Heels”

What is needed is an international approach to studying dairy cattle feet, much like the approach being taken to studying feed efficiency. Hopefully a way will be found to move feet research in dairy cattle to the DNA level. If the industry collectively has the will, there will be a way. All we need now is a champion to take the first step.

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Categories : Dairy Cattle Classification, Genetic Evaluation System, Management

Tags : Cow Mobility, Dairy Cattle Classification, Genetic Evaluation System, Management

30 Sires that will produce Feed Efficient Cows

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Tuesday, January 15th, 2013

Commercial milk producers want to breed cows that have high feed conversion efficiency, that avoid culling and that take the least care or staff time (Read more – Feed Efficiency: The Money Saver). The well known and widely used total merit indexes, TPI*TM and LPI, rank sires according to which ones leave the most profitable ideal or true type cow. However the factors in those indexes and the assumptions that are made when calculating them do not address feed, culling or low maintenance. Milk producers are left to fend for themselves when it comes to selecting sires that will leave their kind of cows.

What’s Being Heard

Milk Producers say: “All I want is a trouble free cow that efficiently converts forages to the kind of milk my milk buyer wants.”

Veterinarians say: “Cows must get in calf, have minimal feet problems and must not be prone to having production limiting diseases (reproduction problems, mastitis, metabolic disorders or ..etc.).”

Farm Workers say: “Sick animals, calving problems and animals that do not work easily within the farm system waste my time.”

Feed Advisers say: “Test your forages, feed the rumen, get the most out of your forages and the use of nutrients for both production and maintenance must be considered simultaneously (i.e. medium sized cows yielding the same as large cows are more feed efficient).”

Milk Processors say: ”Except for the milk we sell as a drink, we want the solids not the water.”

Financial Advisers say: “Make decisions based on profit per cow, per litre, per hectare, per pound of feed consumed, per worker, …etc.”

Consumers say: – Well in fact we may not be listening to consumers (Read more – Milk Marketing: How “Got Milk?” became “Got Lost”)

There are even more voices speaking in producers ears and more words appearing on the computer screens that producers read. With all the information that is currently available, selecting sires that best meet the needs of milk producers can be a daunting task.

Getting Started

Milk producers do not wish to deal all the numbers that appear on proof sheets. That can be a very time consuming exercise with no definitive answers at the end of it.

The Bullvine decided to research what is available today on selecting sires for feed conversion efficiency, for freedom from major known reasons for culling and for minimal extra care. We recognize that down the road there will be genomic indexes that are based on the relationship between yet to be recorded on-farm cow performance data and the DNA make-up of cows for these three areas. But today those genomic indexes do not exist.

Bullvine Efficiency Index (BEI)

Based on the information from a number of countries that we have been able to access, the Bullvine has developed the following formulas:

BEI = Production (45%) + Durability (35%) + Health & Fertility (25%)
Production = 30 Fat Yield + 50 Protein Yield + 10 Fat% + 10 Protein%
Durability = 17 Herd Life + 42 Mammary System + 25 Feet & Legs – 8 Body Depth – 8 Stature
Health & Fertility = 46 Somatic Cell + 23 Daughter Fertility + 23 Udder Depth + 8 Milking Speed

Notes:

Milk Yield is not included as it contributes to more udder strain and added milk haulage or on-farm water removal costs.
The negative weightings on Body Depth and Stature reflect that larger cows require extra feed to grow to that size and to maintain that larger size each and every day compared to cows of more moderate size.

Sire Rankings

Using CDN’s Custom Index Calculator the following sires came to the top of the list,

CANADIAN	INTERNATIONAL	YOUNG SIRES
LONG-LANGS OMAN OMAN-ET	CO-OP BOSSIDE MASSEY-ET	FARNEAR-TBR-BH CASHMONEY-ET
CRACKHOLM FEVER	COYNE-FARMS DORCY-ET	SOUTHERN-HILLS BAYARD-ET
BRAEDALE GOLDWYN	DE-SU CIMARRON-ET	FARNEAR-TBR-BH CASHCOIN-ET
ALLYNDALE-I ATTICUS	BADGER-BLUFF FANNY FREDDIE	MR LOOKOUT P ENFORCER-ET
LIRR DREW DEMPSEY	CERVI ALLEMAR ET	CO-OP BOOKEM YUXI-ET
DE-SU GILLESPY-ET	DE-SU GULF-ET	CO-OP MASTER GENO-ET
GEN-I-BEQ BRAWLER	BERTAIOLA MINCIO ET	AMIGHETTI NUMERO UNO ET
GILLETTE JORDAN	GUARINI-ET	TEEMAR OBSERVER ADAM-ET
GEN-I-BEQ TOPSIDE	DE-SU FORK-ET	DE-SU DISTINCTION 11130-ET
ENSENADA TABOO PLANET-ET	DE-SU WATSON	DE-SU UNO 11446-ET

Please note: Due to the fact that CDN’s Custom Index tool only allows quires by Domestic Canadian, MACE and Genomic individually it is not possible to do an overall ranking.

Key Findings

Except for the Domestic Canadian list only a small difference exist between bulls
The rankings do not always follow TPI* TM or LPI due mainly to the negative weighting on body depth and stature and increased emphasis on SCS, daughter fertility and udder depth.
Although Braedale Goldwyn, Sandy Valley Bolton and Picton Shottle progeny are prominent on these listings, they are from different cow families so inbreeding using the sires on these lists should not be a problem, providing a breeder does not focus on just one of them

Highlights

Braedale Goldwyn appears on the listings himself. As well he has six sons on the lists and is the maternal grandsire of three of the genomic bulls.
Sandy Valley Bolton has seven sons on the listings
Picton Shottle is the maternal grandsire of nine bulls on the listings
Oman sons Long-Langs Oman Oman and Badger-Bluff Fanny Freddie both appear on the listings, as do one son and one maternal grandson of each of them
De-Su Observer, yet to be daughter proven, has three sons and one maternal grandson on the genomics listing

The Bullvine Bottom Line

Commercial milk producers often want the decisions on which sires to use to be as simplified as possible. That is why the Bullvine has produced these BEI listings. With due consideration to avoid inbreeding, milk producers can expect BEI to rank bulls for them for production, durability and health & fertility with emphasis on the sires that can convert intake into milk production.

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Categories : Mating Recommendations

What the Dairy Industry Can Learn From the Firing of Brian Burke

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Friday, January 11th, 2013

Hockey fans, which most dairy farmers are, know Brian Burke as the guy with the permanently askew necktie and reddish face, and a plug of chewing tobacco planted firmly beneath his cheek and gums as he stared down at his hockey team from the general manager’s box in the press level at the Air Canada Centre, chirping at opposing teams or on-ice officials and urging on his Toronto Maple Leafs. They also know him as the guy who talked a good game but failed to deliver a competent goaltender and overspent for players. Something far too familiar to many dairy industry executives. Burke was fired this week.

The thing that many dairy farmers need to realize from this scenario is that dairy farming, just as hockey is a results oriented business. Just like hockey, when someone is not performing, change is needed. When Burke was ushered in to Toronto many fans were already planning the Stanley Cup parade down Yonge Street. The problem is it never materialized. Similar to the announcements of many dairy industry executives.

Leadership starts at the Board Level

The same can be said of many dairy organizations. New leadership comes in and it seems to take a long time to see any change, and even longer for the boards that preside over these organizations to realize it’s not working and enact change. Take a look at the Leafs, the board at the time when Burke was hired, was comprised of mostly hockey fans (Ontario Teachers’ Pension Plan owned the Leafs as much for the PR value with membership as they did for ROI). Then about a year ago Canada’s two media giants, Rogers and Bell, teamed up to purchase the majority stake in the Leafs for $1.07 billion, with official transfer happening in late August. As one of their first moves, though delayed by the lockout, the very results driven board decided that Burke was not the man to lead them forward. He’s gone.

This is one area that I think many of the dairy breeder boards (Breeds, Milk Recording, A.I., Milk Marketing etc.) do not do a good job of. While everyone likes to be everyone’s friend, management must be held accountable for results. This is its very mandate that every board should hold itself to. Now I know that in many cases breeders tenure on these boards is short (something many big corporate boards would never allow), so the ability to bring about change can be hard. However, it is also why I think as an industry we need to look closer at how we comprise these boards.

While there is no doubt I believe the breeders should be represented, it can also be very helpful to have people from outside the industry on these boards. Any good board needs to have its stakeholders (the breeders) on its board. However, it’s also important to bring non-investor (non-breeder) who has outside perspectives to the board. Typically this means bringing people from financial, legal and organizational growth to the table. This will help in bringing a more balanced approach to growing the organization.

Blue and White Disease

For all his performance shortcomings, there were certainly things about Brian Burke’s tenure that I have a great deal of respect for. One thing is the way in which he worked at getting rid of the “blue and white” disease. This was the clever phrase Brian used to slam the culture of entitlement they believed every Leaf was stricken with. We see this in many dairy organizations, where staff and board members seem to have a sense of entitlement just because of their position with that organization. They seem immune to the performance and accountability that all employees and boards should feel as paid or elected representatives of a public or co-operative organization.

Now I understand that there is a time and a place for different styles of leadership. At times, it is better to lead from the rear than the front. No questions asked. However, much like William Wallace (Braveheart) and Maximus (Gladiator) there is also a time that you need to lead your organization from the front, leading the fight at risk of firing or in Wallace and Maximus case even death. That is what it is going to take to win. In a time where there was no superstar capable of being the front man for the Leafs, Burke took the heat and stood up for the organization. (Don’t even get me started on Kessel, whose trade may be the one biggest mistake Burke made that ultimately cost him his job). Now he may have partly done it out of ego, but when the organization or even certain players were under severe scrutiny (which happens a lot in the hockey crazed city of Toronto), Burke stepped up and took the heat, something that earned him a great deal of respect from all internal staff and players. This is one thing I see severely missing in the dairy industry. At one time there were people like Moe Freeman, Roy Snyder and George Clemons, that when it was needed stepped up and led from the front lines.

The Bullvine Bottom Line

The dairy industry is stricken by its own Blue and White disease. The sense of entitlement held by many of its breeder organizations is staggering. These organizations need to be accountable for performance, and when performance metrics are not met, heads need to roll. Currently, there is rising uncertainty, due to changes in consumer demand, marketplace decline and genomics. It is time for leaders to step up to the plate. It is time to lead from the front. It is time for accountability. Brian Burke accepted that leadership responsibility. He was willing to risk it all, knowing that performance would dictate his fate. Can dairy breeders expect the same from our boards and leaders?

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Categories : The Bullvine

Tags : Dairy Industry, Management, The Bullvine

KIDS, CALVES and COMPETITION: Safety in the Dairy Ring

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Wednesday, July 25th, 2012

One of the outstanding benefits of living on a dairy farm is that it provides the opportunity to learn how to compete in the dairy ring. Working with dairy animals improves physical fitness, coordination, self-discipline and teamwork, but these beneficial activities can also put participants at risk for injury.

Show-related injuries are preventable. It is a matter of protecting bodies, while they are still growing and just beginning to understand the skills involved in working with animals. Unlike sports such as baseball or hockey where flying objects can cause injuries to the face, the danger in the show ring most often lies in the child’s awareness of the living, and sometimes unpredictable, animal at the end of the lead.

Training of both the child and the animal is the key to avoiding injuries to both participants. Of course, it is up to the adults in charge to make sure that youth participating in the events are safe from foreseeable harm.

Dairy Show Injury Prevention Tips

Dress participants in appropriate protective equipment. Most sports teams require participants to have specific equipment that is the proper size and adjusted to each athlete. We should do the same for young cattle show persons. Footwear that can withstand tromping on and that is safe from slipping in wet, muddy or messy conditions. Steel toed work boots are the safest choice. Flip flops, clogs and bare feet are strictly unacceptable when working with cattle. If proper protective equipment isn’t available, it is NOT alright to go ahead. It teaches two incorrect things: a- the rules don`t count b- rules can be broken.
Proper halter size. A halter that is too big is dangerous as it can be easily pulled off. The halter should not cause discomfort to the calf. As well, make sure the lead shank is neither too long nor too short. This is where experience will be the best teacher but don`t let the handling of the halter or lead become a bigger job than moving easily with the calf.
Maintain safe show ring conditions. Wherever, cattle are being shown, basic safety precautions should be in place. Clear the area of debris. Beware of broken glass, rusty nails, used syringes, rocks and other items that would increase injury if a child fell or slid on them. If this will be an outdoor event, watch weather forecasts; have a set of guidelines for postponing the event, if necessary.
Have an emergency plan for injuries during shows. If at all possible have an adult trained in first aid techniques on hand. At least have an adult with a charged mobile phone. Provide the adult supervisor with a notebook of emergency phone numbers for parents or guardians of all participants. Carry a well-stocked first aid kit.
Enforce basic sportsmanship rules. This is the beginning of learning how to care for animals, prepare them for showing and putting forth their best feet forward in the ring. By all means, prevent bullying of competitors by adults or children. Young show persons need to focus on showing, not on their shame, embarrassment or humiliation.
Ensure children drink plenty of liquids. In the excitement of participating in this highlight of dairy cattle this may be overlooked and could result in dehydration. This is especially important in high heat, high humidity or high altitudes or with children who are novices and may not have experience in maintaining control of their animal for an extended time.
Provide proper training and skills building for young show people. Select a calf that will be a suitable size for the child to work with and show. Begin training as soon as possible. Training is not something that can be done in a couple of days! As the child builds fundamental skills, they will gain confidence in handling the calf and in presenting it for the judge`s consideration.
NEVER wrap the lead rope around the hand, arm, wrist or any body part. If they are bound like this and the heifer moves away quickly, the child could be seriously hurt.

THE BULLVINE BOTTOM LINE

When children are properly prepared to show dairy cattle, the skills they learn and mentors they meet will last them a lifetime. Safety first. Memories forever.

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Categories : Show Reports

Tags : Dairy Cattle Showing, Dairy Industry, Management, The Bullvine, Youth Profiles

When You’re Trying To Get Ahead … Try Feet First!!

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Tuesday, July 24th, 2012

When it comes to managing a profitable dairy herd, you have to place a high priority on mobility. If your cows are suffering from pain and discomfort when they try to walk, every other area from reproduction, to nutrition and milk production will be negatively affected. Unfortunately, we often don’t identify the problem until it is so far along that treatment costs are high and recovery rates are low.

Step by Step: There are three main areas to address

Observation and Detection
Environment and Genetics
Treatment and Medication

OBSERVATION AND DETECTION:

Of course, the goal is to reduce lameness to a zero percent occurrence. Even if everyone observing the herd strives for this objective, it is a difficult job, especially if the animal to observer ratio is high.

Numerical Rating Scores (NRS) Work
Studies on gait scoring or locomotion scoring are available to make assessment easier. Some research studies have gone a step further incorporating weight displacement analysis. The use of a weight scale to read the weight displacement from one leg to another supports the observation that lame cows in standing position will remove weight on their injured leg by transferring body weight to the opposite (contralateral) leg. These studies are scored from video recordings, some of which are available on the Internet and are quite helpful in identifying and understanding observable characteristics of lameness. Researchers recorded gait scores and weight transfer before and after they injected a local anaesthetic (lidocaine) to healthy and lame lactating dairy cows. Results showed that 92% of cows with sole ulcers were correctly identified. For the day-to-day dairy operator, it will still come down to personal observation which is not perfectly accurate. In the always evolving age of technology, it probably won’t be long until an automated system is available to measure the weight distribution on each hoof, while cattle are in a holding area or milking stall.
Administering anesthetic
Lame cows treated with anesthetic demonstrated less weight transfer to healthy limbs, as indicated by both gait scoring and a scale that measured weight borne by each limb. It was found that, before injection of the anaesthetic, lame cows were transferring more weight from the injured leg to the contralateral leg, and they also had a higher gait score than healthy cows. After injection of the anaesthetic, the gait score of lame cows decreased and the animals reduced the weight transfer from the injured leg to the contralateral leg. The study concludes that the two methods of detecting lameness have some degree of validity.
Lame Cows Stand Apart in Other Ways Too
When an animal has sore feet, it affects other areas of their movement and how they move through their environment. One study noted four non-foot areas that were present when there was lameness or other foot problem: 3.8% had neck lesions, 3% had broken tails, 23% had dirty hind limbs and 4.6% had dirty udders.
Future studies
Work is being done with infrared thermography and visual examination of dairy cows in different stages of lactation to see the effects of lameness on milk production.

CAUSES: ENVIRONMENT AND GENETICS:

Once, the lameness problem has been identified, we start looking to discover what has caused it. It comes down to two choices, environment and genetics.

Environment
Research points to three helpful conclusions:

Cows housed in tie stalls on rubber mats spend more time lying down and have fewer hock injuries than those housed on concrete.
Softer, higher-friction flooring improves the gait of cows with and without sole ulcers.
Wet conditions. Exposure to moist surfaces results in softer claws and cows with softer claws are at greater risk for lameness.
By far the area with the most environmental impact is tie-stall design. Some dairy cows spend most of their days confined in tie-stalls. Tie stall design can, therefore, affect animal health, welfare, productivity and longevity. Studies are available that can provide the pros and cons of stall length, width, tie-chain length and tie rail height.

Genetics of Locomotion

We have all heard cattle classifiers and show judges point out that locomotion is a key point in identifying exceptional animals. “Moving on a great set of feet and legs” is highly desirable. Cows with a higher feet and legs score, steeper foot angle and somewhat straighter legs have genetically better locomotion. We all think we know what great legs look like, but the inheritance and genetics of proper foot structure is an area that requires scientific research.

TREATMENT AND MEDICATION

Treatment

At the simplest level, although not always achievable, lame cows benefit from spending even short periods of time on pasture. Relative to the cows housed indoors, cows on pasture improved by a full gait score (i.e. from 3 to 2) over the 5 week treatment period. Two specific elements of gait, tracking up and reluctance to bear weight evenly on all 4 hooves, also improved. There was no change in two other specific gait elements (head bob, back arch). Cows on pasture also spent less time lying down than did cows kept indoors. The study concluded that lame cows benefit from spending even less than 3 weeks on pasture.

Medication

Cows were scored after administered pain relief medication (ketoprofen) to cows exhibiting gait impairment. Saline was administered to lame control cows. Cows were scored before, during and after treatment. Numerical Rating Scores improved in response to ketoprofen dose, with the greatest improvement occurring at the highest dose (3 mg per kg of body weight). However, even NRS improved by only 0.25 suggesting that more potent drugs are required to treat this pain or that much variation in cow gait is due to factors other than pain.

THE BULLVINE BOTTOM LINE

You can`t fix what you don`t see. Use your eyes. It is crucial that you use every observable technique at your disposal to identify animals that are having foot problems and, it is even more crucial that you do it sooner rather than later. Keep records. This is one area that sets apart the winners from those who also-ran, or more correctly, those who also-limp.

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Categories : Management

Tags : dairy cattle lameness, Hoof Care, Management

BIOSECURITY – How Safe is Your Dairy?

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Monday, July 23rd, 2012

As I got out of my vehicle and walked into the cow barn at my friend’s dairy farm last week, I asked myself, “Does he know where my shoes and clothes have been since I left home this morning?” It’s all too easy for me to hop in the truck at my farm and, in the same clothes and shoes that I’ve been working in, pop over to his place. Does he care where I’ve been walking? It also seems that the TMR mixer repairman or the milking equipment dealer can also walk anywhere in his barn without him showing concern. I do know that his AI Tech and Vet both take care to wash their footwear on both entry and exit from his farm. However, both those individuals know the cost of disease and carrying contamination between farms.

The Balance Between, “Hi! We’re Open for Business!” and “PRIVATE! Keep Out!”

Two months ago I visited a broiler farm being run by the children of my college classmate. There was a sign at the entry gate to the farm informing all visitors that they were to check at the farm office at the back of the house before proceeding further along the farm lane. At the office, I was served coffee and a sweet but at no time was there any consideration of allowing me anywhere near the exterior door to the poultry barn. Repairmen coming on that farm are given orders to put on completely clean shoes and clothes. I know for sure that the feed delivery truck must have its wheels hosed off before entering and after exiting that farm. These consistent rules are friendly but secure at the same time.

FACT: Dairy producers remain behind their counterparts in the pork and poultry industries on this front called biosecurity.

So why the difference?

The differences probably arise from tradition. Dairy cattle breeders like to see cows in the flesh and welcome opportunities to view the four-legged results of their labours. Poultry producers talk in terms of net return per kg of quota and are focused on producing a healthy product. They are well aware of the devastation that even a minor outbreak of disease can do to ruin the profit potential. Beyond the health of their flock, they also have the desire to guarantee the consumer the safe and biosecure product they demand. If you are thinking that we in the dairy industry do not need to worry about that, then think again. In time, and likely not a long time, it will be a global standard.

Taking absence of disease for granted

In temperate climates, where there is freezing during the winter, endemic zooenotic diseases are far less common than in tropical climates. This quickly became evident to me when I was consulting in the Middle East and witnessed firsthand that our dairy cattle had to be kept in eight foot high walled cow lots so that the native animals did not share their multitude of diseases. The end result from these precautions is that the producers in those countries profit from selling a safe, high quality product.

What you don’t know CAN hurt you

In truth dairy farmers often are not aware of the incidence or level of a disease on their farms. As well they frequently do not know the cost associated with diseases. A good example is fact that many producers do not see the need to register in state or provincial Johnes eradication programs. It is reassuring to see the leadership state, provincial, university and industry officials are providing in developing programs to eliminate positive animals. However, are we being too complacent in buying in? At the end of the day do we want to ask ourselves, “Is it comfortable to produce a product that we know we cannot guarantee as being safe and secure from disease contamination? “ Of course, the answer is, “No!”

What’s Ahead

Just last year I had a discussion with Canada’s Chief Veterinary Officer about what happens on the farms of Canada’s trading partners when it comes to biosecurity and what those countries are likely to require to happen in Canada, if they are to sign trade agreements with us in the future. He spoke in terms of setting in place systems to monitor on-farm biosecurity which would be joint government and industry initiatives. Additionally he spoke about the need to fast track systems of recording, monitoring and guaranteeing healthy food products in Canada.

The Bullvine Bottom Line

Producing nature’s most perfect food does not only involve the production but also the obligation that the product is guaranteed free of any contamination. We all need to get behind the efforts needed at the farm and industry level to guarantee biosecurity. It is part of the future success of dairy farming.

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Categories : Management

Tags : Biosecurity, Dairy Farm Biosecurity, Dairy Security, Management

GLOBAL INVESTMENT: Milk is a BIG Growth Industry!

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Wednesday, July 18th, 2012

Movie fans will remember the movie “BIG” where a young boy makes a wish at a fairground machine to be big. He wakes up the following morning to find that his wish has been granted and his body has grown older over night. But he is still the same 12 year old kid on the inside with a whole lot of strange new people and experiences to deal with! Some, including Canada, are finding themselves in a grown up world trying to catch up.

The Cream Rises to the Top of the Milk Maker List?

Globally, dairy farming, along with agriculture in general, is experiencing the “BIG” phenomenon. Milk production is expected to grow an average 2% per year for the next decade. Asia will account for most of it. Now that`s a lot of milk and BIG indeed!

Today we are looking at the list of Top 10 Countries By Milk Production as per US Department of Agriculture, 2011:

Everyone feels patriotic when their country does well on ranked lists. Did you look to see where your country stood in the Top 10? How did it make you feel? Where you even on the list? If you’re like me, you probably thought (because of numerous publication writers telling you so) that Canada is a major milk producer. Ooops! We better make that major milk consumer. We are higher on the milk consumer list than we are on the milk producer list. We’re approximately 12^th for per capita consumption, according to the United States Department of Agriculture and we’re 19^th for production. Sounds a little far back even for a die-hard Blue Jays and Maple Leafs fan.

Where’s the Wiggle Room?

There’s lots of room for everybody to take advantage of the opportunities. If you’re at the top of the list, like the U.S. you can take heart from the fact that food production will be challenged to increase 70 percent over the next 30 years. The scary part is the fluctuating nature of consumer demand. An editorial in Hoard’s Dairyman, 8/25/10 made these points, “Of the countless wildcards in the dairy business, the future role of dairy exports is, perhaps, the wildest. That is why it is vital that our industry leaders and policymakers keep export potential in perspective. What our industry must have is a system that enables us all to expand production when domestic and foreign demand calls for it and to cut back on production when the market signals tell us to.” The comments are definitely something to think about. On the other hand, there are dangers in holding back as well. The truth is there is a huge gap between growing global demand and global supply. You might rewrite the axiom to say, “Nature abhors a gap!”You can be 100% sure of one thing. Somebody will move to fill it. The earliest ones into the game with vision and dollars will be able to profit from providing the milk, even it has to be accessed outside their own borders. It has been suggested that New Zealand could accomplish this. Or perhaps one of the mega-food companies who see the opportunity and are ready to take it. There is huge potential for countries or companies who have a low cost of production to move to the forefront of milk production.

But what if you`re further down the production side of the list? You may decide that it’s time to start movin’ on up! Hang on! It could be a bumpy ride. Consumer demands, trade regulations and national food policies are just three of the variables that are going to present ongoing challenges. even though many forecasters see agriculture as the greatest growth industry of our time. Super! All we have to do is increase the production of animals and plants. But then there is the increasing squeeze from land use, sustainable agriculture and available water. It’s ironic that at the very time when markets are growing and science and technology are making great strides, land and water use from growing urbanization are providing counter pressure.

Although we are learning to accept and adapt to the speed of new technology, it is probably true, that what we are familiar with today may not be the breakthrough that will take us into the future. For example, new technologies, such as nutrigenomics, will become increasingly important. With nutrigenomics, it will be possible to influence or control genetic expression in animals. Certain feed ingredients will be able to switch on genes in the animals, leading to improved production. It will revolutionize nutrition, said Karl Dawson, chief scientific officer at Alltech, when speaking at the Alltech International Symposium held in May in Lexington, Kentucky. He added. “You’re going to see more changes in nutrition in the next 10 years than you have seen in the last century.”

Thus far we see that there is growing demand and improved methods of delivering milk and milk products. Another key factor is the initiatives throughout the world to train farmers in the business of dairy farming. Rural development and sustainable agriculture projects are seeing successes that will affect milk production worldwide, while sourcing information and mentors in the areas of animal genetics, product development and dairy cattle management.

THE BULLVINE BOTTOM LINE:

So far, everyone agrees that it will be possible, somehow, to keep up with the food demands of a growing world population. What we may not be so sure of is the exactly how it will happen. Nevertheless, milk will be an important product in feeding world populations. If you`re already in the dairy industry, you have an advantage that not all of the companies who aspire to global trade can claim and that is that the market is far from saturated and demand is continually growing. No wonder the stock market is recognizing that you can put your money where the milk is.

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Categories : Dairy Industry

Tags : Dairy Industry, Management, The Bullvine

You Can’t Drive To The Future Using Rear View Mirrors!

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Thursday, June 21st, 2012

By definition, being strategic requires that you look forward — identifying trends, opportunities, and threats. That’s how good drivers drive on super highways and it’s how good breeders keep moving forward too. You can choose the less risky route of staying in the parking lot but you won’t get anywhere. Here are a few ways to keep your herd moving toward the future.

Check out your blind spot

By the end of next year, even the skeptics will have to admit that genomics, smart phones and tablets are here to stay. The early adopters and best-practice breeders are using these devices. They love being able to see all incoming e-mail, social messaging, text messaging, and voice and video messaging in a single place. They`re using them as the new resource to learn about and manage almost every aspect of cattle breeding.

Traditional Marketing will Decrease. New Marketing will skyrocket.

As dairy breeders zero in on genomics, finding the leaders, at the right price in the right location and instantly … will change the face of dairy cattle marketing. The twice a year showcase or the every three to five years reduction sale will gradually give way to a marketplace that is in “sell” mode 24-7 and 365 days of the year. Sellers will move beyond single page ads, special events and the cattle ring for promotion as a whole new breed (pun intended) of niche players will be born with the intention of providing the best results from your advertising dollars. The days of a few key players topping the markets with their well orchestrated, for-your-eyes only live marketing events will gradually give way to on line live video interviews, marketing and promotion one-on-one. Rather than the traditional “one-size-fits-all” advertising strategy, a targeted personalized approach will be required if you expect to have a reasonable chance to sell in the new marketplace.

Genomics will increase its impact by becoming more focused and data driven

Most dairy breeders recognize that genomics is a tool to improve selection. As results become more refined and defined the potential impact will have even more converts. Global economic issues will be with us for years to come and that too will drive genomics development to target more and better ways to breed great cattle to their highest potentially in the fastest, healthiest and most economical way possible.

The Global Marketplace has attracted the Big Players

The continued growth of technology, social media, and easy communications now makes it possible a dairy breeder in China to come to your barn, see your cows and complete a sale with no middle men, expensive “tire-kicking” trips or costly international time zone, travel and financial issues. Today it’s take-a-look and complete-the-deal. With the whole world able to look over your shoulder in your barn, big business definitely sees the potential and is ready to grab a piece of the pie.

Dairy cattle research is picking up speed

Remember the good old days (that would be 10 years ago) when we had to sit through breeder meetings and association animal meetings and hear about the difficulties of getting the right research done at the right time and at a reasonable cost? Industry and government were supposed to be pulling together to fund research that would have an impact on more than the scientific community. Sometimes breeders were skeptical, or unaware, of the practical applications. Remember CAAB? Genomics has changed all that. Now not only are the money streams more accessible and flowing, the really big players with the really big bucks are ready and willing to become the new best friends of the cattle breeding industry.

Farm Branding is the Express Lane to Success

You can no longer hope that a few expensive colour layouts in a magazine will give you the profile you’re looking for to sell those also expensive genetics that you’re investing in. Having good genetics, a great work ethic and savvy cow sense, is no longer enough to have you speeding through the rapidly expanding crowd where everybody says, “Been there. Bred that!” The increased use of social media and digital marketing will be the new way for the cream to rise to the top.

The Buyer Experience

In the past, you knew who the “players” were and the rest didn’t blip on your radar. Today, you’ve got one chance to make a good first impression. You never know when someone’s phone will capture a video and or audio of your inventory (is that what she “really” looks like?) and share it around the world. You could try keeping your doors selectively closed but that will send a message too and it could be a negative one! You are caught between the camera and a hot place!

The Bullvine Bottom Line

Forward-looking decision-making: Although hindsight is 20/20, if you’re moving ahead you cannot spend your time looking backward at what happened in the past. The dairy business of the future is following the growth signs: market supply and demand; new dairying technologies and genomics to name a few. This forward-looking focus will not only improve decision-making but will lead the way to a future that is built on the past but moving way faster than we ever though possible. Keep moving on the dairy industry express lane or you could be stuck on the off-road ramp or, even worse, left in the parking lot!

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Categories : Dairy Cattle Marketing

Tags : Dairy Cattle Marketing, Genomics, Investment Advice, Management, Technology

10 Ways Cool Calves Beat the Heat

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Monday, June 18th, 2012

Suddenly it is summer. Where did all this suffocating heat come from? Of course, if people are feeling soggy, you can be sure calves are feeling it too! Short of inviting them in to share the air-conditioning there are several effective ways we can keep calves cool and stress free.

SIMPLE HEAT STRATEGIES

Shady Ladies.
Make sure to provide your calves with plenty of shade whether it is from trees, the hutch itself or supplemental shade. Hutches that faced south in the winter can be re-aligned to capture shade and prevailing breezes. If necessary, construct a temporary shade canopy over their tops (14 feet or higher to allow for good airflow).
Timely Care.
Consider changing the time of day when handling calves is done. Perform stressful activities (such as moving, grouping, handling, vaccinating, dehorning) early in the morning. Feed animals several hours before or after peak temperature and humidity times. Early morning and late afternoon feeding can avoid calves experiencing peak temperatures at the same time as their digestion peaks, which often occurs about four hours after feeding.
Always Fresh ‘Cause You Keep Feeding it.
Keep your calf starter fresh at all times and free of any moisture. Start your calves with a handful of feed and change it every day until they are eating their full allotment.
How’s the Water?
Provide cool (50°F /10°C) drinking water (cows drink 50% more water at temperatures of 80°F/26.7°C and above compared to 40°F/4.4°C). It should not be a surprise for calves to double their water intake. Switching to five-gallon pails may also be helpful. When heat stressed a calf can consume 3 to 6 gallons of water per day. To keep it fresh, empty and refill water pails several times throughout the day. More water changes (say every three hours) the more they will eat. The more they eat the more nutrients they consume and then they are better able to withstand heat stress.
There’s Strength in Numbers so Increase Feeding Frequency.
Research has also shown that calves fed three times a day have shown optimal growth, better feed efficiency, consume more starter prior to weaning and have greater chance of survival to lactation than calves fed twice daily. You should also research commercial products that target heat stress in their formulations.
Make Your Bed …again and again.
Changing bedding frequently to control fly populations. Use sand bedding to keep calves cooler. Clean, dry sand also helps control fly populations, compared with straw or sawdust. Sawdust is better than straw for summer bedding.
Keep it Clean.
Cleaning and sanitizing water buckets regularly Warm weather promotes algae, mold and bacteria growth. Keeping water and milk pails clean and sanitized will help keep these populations down, as well as help with the fly population.
Replenish Electrolytes.
Consider more liberal use of electrolyte solutions, advises J.W. Schroeder, Dairy Specialist with North Dakota State University. In warm weather, calves are more prone to dehydration. Scouring calves should receive oral electrolyte solutions liberally, particularly during midday. Administer electrolytes by bottle early in the course of diarrhea because solution absorption likely will be better than if it’s given by a tube or free choice.
No Flies on Us!
Unfortunately calves are a hot spot for flies. Using a milk replacer and a calf starter that includes a feed through larvicide can help to keep the fly population down. A reduced fly population may also reduce stress to the calf and the spread of diseases by flies. As mentioned previously, clean, dry sand bedding also helps control fly populations, compared with straw or sawdust. Implement good fly control practices that break up the life cycle to prevent build-up. Know that molasses, a common calf starter ingredient to aid in palatability, can be a tasty attractant for fly populations. Calf starters that utilize alternative natural palatability enhancers along with feed-through fly control technology are available.
A Breath of Fresh Air
Increase Air Flow and air exchange: Hutches need good air flow in and around them. In enclosed facilities natural cross ventilation is not possible, than a total air exchange every two minutes through a mechanized system of fans is a must.

….. this brings us to the best TIP of the summer!

Catch the Breeze: Elevate one side of the hutch. That’s right. A slight “tip” will make a big difference. In 2011, a Washington State University trial showed that elevating one side of the hutch decreased internal hutch temperature and increased ventilation in warm weather. We all want results and here’s some that they reported:

At the hottest times of the day, internal hutch temperatures were higher than outside temperatures when the hutch was on the ground. Internal hutch temperatures were lower than outside when the hutch was elevated.
Elevating the hutch improved air movement within the hutch.
Hutch elevation lowered afternoon respiratory rates in the calves — 58 versus 44 breaths per minute.
Hutch carbon dioxide levels were lower when the hutch was elevated.

Note to readers: We tried this simple solution at Huntsdale and saw – and felt – immediate results.

YOU’RE SWEATING DOLLARS AWAY

When we think of heat stress our thoughts often go to the milking herd first, as heat and humidity can have a dramatic impact on milk production and therefore have a potential impact on our pocket books. We need to think outside the cow pen. The numbers are rising as fast as the thermometer. For example: In a 100 cow herd with 30% cull rate, 25% of the calves in the herd are exposed to heat stress, having been born at that time of the year. Heat stressed open heifers may calve at 26 months instead of 24. Basic additional costs are obvious: extra days raising; more replacements costs; less production in the future. Not so obvious are extra housing, extra feed; extra labour and medication costs. Hopefully, you are still on the positive profit side with these numbers, however, there is a strong chance that these heifers will not produce to their potential. Add in those losses in less milk production and you have probably wiped out your small margin of success. Multiply this result over a 100-cow herd and you could see your positive bottom line melt away in the heat as you lose between $5,000-$7,000!!!

THE BULLVINE BOTTOM LINE

Extreme heat does hurt your calves. Heat stress also hurts you …. in your pocket! Make sure you cash in on cool calves!!

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Categories : Management

Tags : Dairy Heifer Calf Raising, Management

What Will The Cow of The Future Look Like?

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Wednesday, June 13th, 2012

Will she score 95 points? Will she produce 40,000lbs per year? Will the cow of the future be polled? Will she produce less methane gas? In the future, consumer demand will shape everything about dairy farming, including what the dairy cow will look like. Dairy consumption in emerging economies is rising fast. In China alone it will triple by 2020. As rice-paddies turn to pasture, breeder goals and ultimately the makeup of the modern dairy cow will change.

Over the past decade in North America, total milk production has increased in concert with the increased demand for dairy products from growing populations and increasing exports. This increase in production was achieved without increasing cow numbers, which have held steady, or slightly decreased, for nearly two decades. Production efficiency has therefore increased substantially with average production currently at 21,000 lbs. per cow per year.

While many things have contributed to the gain in production efficiency, one key area has been genetics. One of the biggest changes in the genetics market has been the use of genomics. Genomics has brought greatly increased reliability to estimated breeding values and is drastically decreasing the interval between generations (To read more check out The Genomic Advancement Race – The Battle for Genetic Supremacy). The next steps will be health traits and profitability and not just the ones that we are currently evaluating. We are getting ready to delve into better understanding of reproductive issues such as which cows are more efficient at converting feed to milk production (To read more check out Holstein vs. Jersey: Which Breed is More Profitable). Also rising on the priority list will be disease resistance (to read more check out Your Cattle Are Under Attack) and ultimately which cows are the healthiest, trouble free and most profitable.

As the revered management guru, Peter Drucker, says, “You cannot improve what you cannot measure.” Even though the dairy industry has a great system for evaluation production and conformation, there is much needed improvement in the areas of profitability and herd health. These areas were once thought to be low heritability however, with genomics, traits such as somatic cell, and immune response can greatly impacted at the genomic level. With Pfizer a company very focused on animal health now offering genomic testing, it’s only a matter of time before there is greater measurement in these areas.

This first steps in any effective improvement program requires accurate measurement. While many conformation traits and overall production traits are measured intensely when you look at overall measurement of cow –by-cow profitability, there are some major gaps. One of the biggest is accurate feed conversion metrics. While there have been studies by breed vs. breed comparison, there is a much greater need to take this analysis to the cow by cow and ultimately the genetics evaluation level.

The other day I was talking with a human geneticist about the use of genomics and ultimately the ability for genomic manipulation of a population. One of the key things he pointed out to me was how the dairy cattle industry really has the ability to lead the way when it comes to genomic advancements. Not because of the ethics issues, which we will leave for another forum, but rather because the dairy industry already has such a system in place for evaluation of the progeny. This ability to measure the exact effects of the manipulation will greatly accelerate the advancement process.

The Bottom Line

Over the years we have started to see less emphasis on stature, and increased focus on feet and legs and mammary systems. The cow of the future, will not just be about their conformation, but rather their ability to efficiently convert feed and their resistance to disease. With companies with the size and resources of Pfizer or their newly formed Zeotis entering the marketplace offering genomic tests, and maybe ultimately genomically modified cattle, the future may come much quicker than most breeders expect. So what will the cow of the future look like? We do not know exactly, but she will no doubt be the one that returns the most profit to her owners. All this will be driven by consumer demand.

Not sure what all this hype about genomics is all about?

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Categories : Genomics

Tags : Genetic Evaluation System, Genomics, Management, Polled

Your Cattle Are Under Attack!

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Monday, June 4th, 2012

In the fight against cattle diseases it feels like dairy breeders are constantly dodging shrapnel. Where will BSE or TB strike next? Have you been hit with mastitis, ketosis or metritis? Also, it is becoming harder and harder to fight back since there is a worldwide concerted effort to limit the use of antibiotics, particularly in food producing livestock. On top of that, animals are developing antibiotic resistance, making that course of action less and less effective.

After years of focusing on measurable traits – conformation, milk yield, protein yield – the dairy industry has started to take aim at health issues by recording somatic cell score evaluations. It is a small start in waging defense against disease. We must now take aim at an even bigger animal health picture, when looking at the future of our herds and our dairy industry.

You Already Have the Ultimate Weapon

The real fact is we already have the best disease defeating weapon at our disposal. It is the immune system of cattle. Animals with superior immune systems can do it all:

Reduce disease
Increase farm profit
Improve milk quality
Increase animal well being

DISEASE WARS – DNA Strikes Back!

Researchers at Ontario Veterinary College at Guelph University have identified that, when it comes to fighting disease, “One of the most attractive options available is to make use of the animal’s own immune response genes to select for healthier animals with naturally superior immunity.” The OVC group refers to these individuals as High Immune Responders. The really great news is that beyond the idea, the research and the studies is the fact that they have developed a patented test system to quickly identify these animals within dairy herds. This method is referred to as the High Immune Response (HIR) technology and they report that this approach can work well on both conventional and organic dairy farms.

HIR is FIGHTING BACK

The OVC group reports that there is clear evidence in cattle that it is possible to selectively breed for high (H), average (A) or low (L) – immune responsiveness and that H-responders can positively influence resistance to infectious disease. “In fact, early research by our group showed health and production benefits following genetic identification of cattle and pigs for enhanced IR. This included lower occurrence of mastitis in high immune responders in 2 out of 3 dairy herds tested, as well as improved response to vaccination and colostrum quality. “

We Have the Technology

The OVC group refers to these individuals with both higher and more optimally balanced antibody and cell-mediated immune responses, as High Immune Responders, and goes on to report that they have developed a patented test system to quickly identify these animals within dairy herds.

The HIR technology is designed to identify those cows and calves with robust and unbiased immune responsiveness that can be kept for future breeding to improve herd health, while low immune responders may be culled from the herd.

It is worth noting that, in general, a calf identified as a high responder will maintain that classification as a mature lactating cow. Therefore animals only need to be tested and classified based on their IR breeding value once in their lifetime.

Breeders Want HIR!

Qualitative market research using a cross section of focus groups was conducted by an independent firm, Agri-Studies (Guelph, Ontario). Results showed significant interest among dairy producers to use HIR to identify calves or cows with High Immune Response (75% of producers). The key benefit they saw was the ability to cull animals as calves and save the cost of raising animal that later may have significant health issues. They also saw the value of using sires that were classified as HIR to improve the health of their herds. Further market assessment and beta testing of dairy herds is now underway to finalize the transferability of the technology to the marketplace.

It’s All About Results

In 2010, 690 cows from 58 herds across Canada were immunized using the patented system to evaluate their IR profiles. In this study approximately 15% of cows were high, 15% were low, and 70% were average immune responders with some slight differences between provinces

Health
Preliminary results show that among all cases of clinical mastitis in the cows across Canada that were tested for immune response, cows classified as HIR had the lowest occurrence of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS).
Production
Results to date have shown that breeding for optimal high immune response based on both antibody and cell-mediated immune responses would not compromise production.
Profit
In Canada, it costs the dairy producer $110 to $320 per case of mastitis, and it has been estimated that almost 1 out of every 5 dairy quarters in Canada is infected with a mastitis-causing pathogen

High Immune Response (HIR) Animals Are Naturally Immune

HIR is a patented evaluation technology developed to identify dairy cattle with high adaptive immune response capability. Identification is safe, fast and effective.

Benefits include:

Lower disease occurrence and severity
Reduced treatment and veterinary costs
Increased response to vaccines
Increased colostrum quality
Cows as young as 2 months can be tested
Animals only need to be tested once in a lifetime
Testing is safe and does not interfere with any other diagnostic testing
Cost benefit analysis show significant savings to producers who identify HIR cows in their herd.

The Future is Now!

Further market assessment and beta testing of dairy herds is now underway to finalize the transferability of the technology to the marketplace.

The Bullvine Bottom Line

No matter how scary the news makes the latest livestock health threat out to be, your herd’s natural immune defense system is the ultimate response.

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Categories : Management

Tags : Genetic Evaluation System, Genomics, Management, Sire Sampling

Holstein vs. Jersey: Which Breed Is More Profitable?

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Tuesday, May 8th, 2012

For years, Jersey breeders have touted their high fertility rates, calving ease, and greater milk solids than Holsteins as a viable alternative to Holstein breeders looking to increase their profits. A recent Holstein International article, Feed Conversion: Building a More Efficient Engine, adds another item to the list, feed conversion.

Jersey the More Efficient Engine

A recent research paper in the Journal for Dairy Science compared the input requirements of two different production systems, Holsteins and Jerseys to produce a given amount of cheese. In their research of over 13,000 herds spread across 45 states, Dr. Jude Capper and Dr. Roger Caddy found that it would take 109 Jerseys to produce the same amount of cheese as 100 Holsteins. What they also found was that they would have just 74% of the body mass and produce 81% of the milk volume, 80% of the Green House Gases and would only require 68% of the water and 89% of the land requirements. So in essence Jerseys would be more efficient at producing the same amount of cheese.

In their article, Holstein International also points out another Dairy Science paper published last year that looked at feed intake studies for 4 breed groups: Holstein, Holstein x Jersey, Jersey x Holstein and Jersey where all cows were fed the same ration, were housed in the same type of pens and were milked together. The results found that Holstein had the highest intake and the highest production yield. However, Jersey converted a higher percentage of their intake to production than Holstein did.

Item	Holstein	HJ	JH	Jersey
Intake	9,813	9,309	9,487	7,969
Growth	669 (6.8%)	599 (6.4%)	496 (5.2%)	334 (4.2%)
Maintenance	1,666 (27.25)	2,468 (26.5%)	2,425 (25.6%)	2,085 (26.2)
Pregnancy	27 (0.3%)	32 (0.3%)	33 (0.3%)	21 (0.3%)
Production	5,968 (60.8%)	6,057 (65.1%)	6,162 (65.0%)	5,259 (66.0%)

New Zealand Leading the Way

As the dairy industry moves away from focusing solely on overall production and starts to focus more on the overall profitability of their farming operations, key metrics like feed conversion are sure to gain increased importance in breeding programs. Similar to how Scandinavian countries lead the way with Health traits, countries like New Zealand are leading the way by using body weight as an indicator of feed intake and making it apart of the Breeding Worth (BW) index. Countries such as Australia have also started to incorporate weight into their national indexes by using type classification data as a predictor of body weight. While body weight in time may not be the best measure of efficiency, it is what is currently available. One of the interesting findings was that even under the New Zealand system the cows are getting larger, though at a slower than expected rate.

The Bullvine Bottom Line

It is clear that the dairy industry is moving towards producing a more profitable cow. With low heritable health traits already gaining a great deal of focus, it only makes sense that the next step will include efficiency. For many Holstein breeders this may be a wake up call that they need. In the same way that other industries first focused on overall production and then had to put more focus on efficiency, dairy producers now have to do the same. For many breeders this may mean either cross-breeding with the more efficient Jersey bloodlines or putting greater focus on efficiency in their breeding programs. Never forget for one moment that feed costs represent 55% of the inputs on a dairy operation. Efficiencies gained here can be significant. It’s no longer about who can produce the most, it is about who can produce the most with the least cost.

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Categories : Investment Advice

RAISING YOUR GAME: How to Raise Bulls for A.I.

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Monday, April 23rd, 2012

Genomics affects all areas of cattle breeding. Genomic testing of young bulls is the new bandwagon. While some cautious folks who seek higher reliability percentages are waiting another three to five years to use them, their early adopter neighbours will be milking daughters of those bulls. And so it is, that those breeders who are planning to raise bulls for A.I. should know what they’re doing and do it right!

A Bull Breeder’s Dozen: 12 ways to Hit the Bull’s Eye

Everyone agrees that the cattle breeding game is changing but good business sense, cow sense and common sense will keep your herd on the growing edge. It is obvious that everything you would do to raise your investment heifers should apply to bull rearing. But there are a few details that could make the difference to whether your young bull makes it to the proven list or becomes one of the Generation Exit bulls.

Get A Contract
When it comes to getting bulls into A.I., don’t rely on wishful thinking. Before you take the first step, make contact with A.I. studs and discuss what bulls they are interested in. No one produces a product without knowing the end market and A.I. organization have the data, information and market to guide you in this part of the decision making process. It is in their interest and yours to make sure that neither time nor money is wasted on producing a bull that will not be used. This is the time to confirm all the details relating to health requirements and timelines and negotiate financial particulars as well. When the bull is on the ground, it’s too late to realize that there were health protocols that were not taken care of or that you were not clear on payout terms.
We’re Talking Bull
High on the decision making list is how you will get the bull you and the A.I. company are targeting. Embryo transplant? Sexed semen? The more risk of failure you remove from this process, the higher your input costs will be. Variables like conception rates, fertility and recipient costs all add up. Having said that, nine months down the road you want a healthy bull to work with
Without Health There’s No Wealth
Whatever female carries your bull, it is imperative that she be free of diseases. Failure to pass even one required health test brings your bull breeding dreams to a full stop. The dairy breeding market is unforgiving. Be diligent in this area. It’s costly if it is overlooked.
Well Begun is Half Done
Every dairy operation has routine procedures for calving. If yours are working for you just keep on. If you have regular problems in this area, take care of them before you lose a potential money maker. Leave nothing to chance. Be present for the calving. Make sure the new bull gets off to the best possible start. There are many choices to make in how you will raise your bull. Every one of them can affect your bank balance.
It’s a Test. Will you pass?
If you’re focused on producing an A.I. bull, you’ve got to keep the paperwork going. Inform the A.I. company you’re contracted with that the bull calf has arrived. Register with the breed association. Get the genomic testing done. Genomics is the modern day “no-darn-good” identifier. If you have done your homework this won’t be a problem for you. There is no reason to wait to send in the sample. When these steps are taken care of, you are ready to move on. You might as well find out any problems that could arise here. It’s costly to raise an animal that already has been eliminated for some unexpected reason
COLOSTRUM Makes the DIFFERENCE
It’s impossible to focus on the health of the bull calf without careful consideration of colostrums. Many breeders, veterinarians and consultants will advise making sure that the mother is free of disease and thus use her colostrum. There are costs associated with this. Experience says that dried artificial colostrums is worth the price in this situation. The goal is to make sure the bull is free of all diseases. Take the steps to see that this job gets done!
Leave That Bull Alone
With all the talk of the need for a disease-free, healthy bull, the most important step you can take is to keep him isolated as much as you can. Every farm is host to certain resident diseases and the more contact the bull has the more opportunity there is for him to pick up something that will nullify your contract. It is never too early to move this young investment to a scrupulously clean hutch. Any modification that keeps him in a closed space with other animals is a decision that reduces your financial success. Making space in the barn means making an opportunity for the bull calf to be infected with vaccines used on females.
Absolutely no Vaccinations
This is another “must not” that should be clearly covered in your A.I. contract. Don’t leave anything to chance. Make sure that you are prepared to prevent contamination through rigorous housing and animal handling protocols.
Don’t Follow the Herd on Weaning
Bulls that stand out from the crowd most likely were raised away from the crowd too. After weaning, the young bull should be isolated from other dairy animals, until they are ready to leave for A.I.
Looking for Mr. Good-Body
Just as raising heifers is a big investment, so is raising a bull. The area of body condition is one that is slightly different for bulls. The young male needs to be strong and mature quickly. A body condition score around 3 or 4 is the goal. The correct nutrition will ensure better development of testicles and then production of semen at an earlier age and in larger quantities. The impact of doing this right is crucial.
Now for the Inspection
The A.I. company you are contracted with will come to the farm to inspect the young bull. They will have benchmarks they are looking for relating to growth and development and, of course, health tests will be key to the contract being fulfilled.
The Best Bulls Start Early
When you have done everything you can and all systems are “Go!” you will want to see your bull in use as a sire of sons as soon as possible. In the bull breeding business the one who is first with the most is the one that wins!

THE BULLVINE BOTTOM LINE
There are many important steps to take to make sure that the bulls you raise are attractive to cattle breeders and A.I. studs. Do it right and it’s money in your pocket. That’s No Bull! That’s Your Bull!

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Categories : Management

Tags : Management, Raising Bulls for Artificial Insemination

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Archive for Management

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Cows and Communication. You’ve Got to Market Both!

Are we Car Salesmen or Cow Salesmen?

Where are Your Customers Talking From?

Come and Get It?

Who do YOU listen to?

The RIGHT information at the RIGHT time from the RIGHT source.

Do You Hear the Criticism?

Customer first. Then what?

Listen to your Dairy Staff

The Bullvine Bottom Line

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