Archive for growth performance

Beef-Dairy Cross Calves: Survey Highlights Need for Improved Implant and Breeding Strategies

Explore the impact of advanced implant and breeding strategies on beef-dairy cross calf performance. Is your cattle management approach as effective as it could be?

The rise of beef-dairy hybrid animals in the American cattle market presents a unique opportunity for dairy producers to optimize their herds. Supported by the Iowa Beef Industry Council and Iowa Beef Checkoff, Iowa State University researchers conducted a pivotal survey to understand better the management techniques and challenges these farmers face.

This comprehensive survey targeted both dairy producers and commercial feedlot operators to: 

  • Learn about dairy producers’ and calf ranches’ management practices for beef-cross calves.
  • Understand the finishing challenges of beef-cross calves from commercial feedlot operators’ perspectives.

The study’s results highlight the potential benefits of improved implant and breeding techniques for beef-dairy crossbred calves. Critical stakeholders in the U.S. cattle sector: Using these techniques could significantly increase the profitability and production of these hybrid animals, offering a promising future for the industry.

Unveiling the Path to Improved Beef-Cross Calf Management and Feedlot Success 

This mission unites us, and we are all dedicated to achieving it. Your participation and support are crucial in this collective effort. The poll aimed at two main objectives. First, it grasped the management techniques of specialist calf ranches producing beef-cross calves and dairy farmers. This sought to underline effective strategies and development opportunities, encouraging improved calf output and trust in your operations. Second, it pinpointed particular difficulties commercial feedlot managers have in completing beef-cross calves. This examined growth performance, health concerns, and carcass quality to increase feedlot efficiency and product quality, thus offering trust and assurance in your product.

Insights from 11 Prolific Calf Raisers: Emphasizing Early-Life Nutrition and Identifying Gaps in Health Protocols

Eleven farmers producing more than 21,000 dairy or beef-cross calves annually shared their calf-rearing techniques. The majority emphasized the crucial role of early nutrition and health management, demonstrating a solid understanding of colostrum feeding and regular screening for passive immunity. However, one producer who purchased calves from auctions lacked verified colostrum status, indicating potential health procedure flaws.

Overcoming Multifaceted Challenges in Calf Rearing: Innovative Solutions for Enhanced Welfare and Productivity 

Many problems in calf raising call for creative ideas to improve the welfare and output of beef-cross calves. Key aspects, including lowering liver abscesses, improving sire genetics, and besting diet strategies, have drawn attention from producers. Dealing with liver abscesses calls for improved dietary changes and health maintenance routines. Enhancing sire genetics guarantees calves have robust features suited for development and health, ensuring more effective and lucrative rearing.

It is vital to start preventing disease. Especially within the first 30 days, early treatments and optimal feeding plans may strengthen immune responses and lower early-life morbidity and death. Studies on weather effects and stress avoidance can also improve calf well-being.

Finally, improving carcass cutout quality depends on improving market value and providing good raising techniques. These realizations give the path to overcome the urgent problems in calf raising, thus promoting sustainability and progress in beef-cross calf management.

Disparity in Entry Weights: Highlighting the Need for Specialized Early-Life Management for Beef-Cross Calves

Answers from the twenty-one cattle feeders indicated a clear difference in entrance weights between beef and beef-cross calves. This disparity emphasizes the importance of specific early-life care and dietary plans for calves from beef crosses, underlining our proactive role in ensuring their well-being and development.

Beef-cross calves had better carcass performance even if their weight was less. Comparing 13% of beef-cross animals rated Prime to a 7.54% industry average, feeders said that in addition to the national average of 6.77%, 22% of beef-cross calves attained Yield Grade 1. These numbers highlight the tremendous genetic potential of beef-cross calves and stress the necessity of improved breeding and feedlot practices.

Refining Implant Strategies: The Need for Customization to Enhance BXD Calf Performance and Economic Viability 

The ISU researchers found notable differences by analyzing the many implant techniques for beef-cross calves. They underlined the requirement for a customized strategy specifically for beef-dairy crossbred (BXD) calves, which differs from conventional approaches for purebred beef cattle. BXD calves have unique characteristics, including variations in days on feed, marbling genetics, and muscular growth.

An ideal implant technique for BXD calves should consider these genetic and physiological variations to improve development and carcass quality. The researchers contended that the present one-size-fits-all approach would impair BXD calf performance by failing to meet their particular demands. Optimizing these techniques might increase producers’ economic returns and efficiency, thereby stressing the need for further studies in this field.

Advanced Education in Beef Semen Selection: Balancing Feedlot Performance and Calving Ease for Optimal Beef-Cross Calf Outcomes

Emphasizing the significance of selecting sires that improve feedlot performance and carcass quality without compromising calving ease, feeders underlined the need for increased education on beef semen selection. One must balance ease of calving with solid development. Producers can guarantee that beef-cross calves attain their maximum potential by concentrating on genetic markers affecting marbling and muscle properties, producing more excellent production and quality grades.

ISU scientists underlined the need for further investigation to find the perfect beef bulls. While keeping reasonable calving criteria, this study should optimize performance and development. Working with geneticists and industry professionals will enable the development of a sensible semen selection process that satisfies these objectives, promoting a more successful beef-dairy crossbreeding system.

The Bottom Line

With beef-dairy crossbred animals exhibiting great success, an experimental project has become a pillar of the U.S. cattle business. Iowa State University’s poll underlined the necessity of improved colostrum techniques, resolution of liver abscesses, and improvement of dietary guidelines. Different implant techniques and entrance weights point to the requirement for customized treatment plans. Crucial new information highlights the better carcass performance of beef-cross calves, therefore stressing the need for targeted breeding techniques and feedlot performance. Industry players may use this research as a road map to increase beef-cross calf welfare and output. Dairy producers should use these realizations to increase profitability and assist environmentally friendly farming. Keep ahead of the competitive scene of beef-cross calf farming.

For comprehensive details, access the study’s complete report here

Key Takeaways:

  • The majority of calf raisers are well-versed in colostrum feeding and passive immunity transfer, yet gaps remain with calves sourced from auctions.
  • Critical areas for further research include liver abscess reduction, genetic selection, sickness prevention in early life, and nutrition planning.
  • Significant disparities exist in the entry weights of beef and beef-cross calves entering feedlots, suggesting a need for specialized early-life management strategies for beef-cross calves.
  • Beef-cross calves exhibit superior carcass performance, with higher percentages grading Prime and producing Yield Grade 1 compared to industry averages.
  • Variation in implant strategies indicates a necessity for tailored protocols for beef-cross calves to optimize feedlot outcomes.
  • Feeders express a strong need for advanced education in selecting appropriate beef sires that enhance feedlot performance and ensure high-quality carcass finish without compromising calving ease.

Summary:

A survey conducted by Iowa State University aimed to understand the management techniques and challenges faced by dairy producers and commercial feedlot operators in the American cattle market. The study focused on beef-dairy hybrid animals, focusing on growth performance, health concerns, and carcass quality. The survey found that eleven farmers producing over 21,000 dairy or beef-cross calves annually shared their calf-rearing techniques, emphasizing the importance of early nutrition and health management. However, one producer who purchased calves from auctions lacked verified colostrum status, indicating potential health procedure flaws. Key aspects to improve the welfare and output of beef-cross calves include lowering liver abscesses, improving sire genetics, and besting diet strategies. Early treatments and optimal feeding plans can strengthen immune responses and lower early-life morbidity and death. Improving carcass cutout quality depends on improving market value and providing good raising techniques. The research highlights the need for improved colostrum techniques, resolution of liver abscesses, and improved dietary guidelines.

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How Early Forage in Diets Boosts Performance and Behavior in Dairy Calves: New Findings

Explore the transformative impact of introducing forage early in dairy calf diets on their performance and behavior. Eager to learn about the distinct advantages of various forage sources? Continue reading to uncover these insights.

A calf’s early diet in dairy farming is not just a routine, but a crucial step towards shaping its future health and productivity. Research illuminates that the type of forage in a calf’s diet can significantly impact its development. By adjusting feed, we can unlock the potential for enhanced growth and well-being. This study delves into how different forage sources in total mixed rations (TMR) can influence dairy calves, offering a glimpse into a future where performance, metabolism, and behavior are revolutionized by our understanding of early forage inclusion. 

The study , titled ‘Forage sources in total mixed rations early in life influence performance, metabolites, and behavior of dairy calves ‘, published in the Journal of Dairy Science, examines the effects of various forage types on young dairy calves. By studying forty-eight Holstein calves, the researchers meticulously evaluated the impact of different forage sources—like Tifton hay and corn silage—on performance, metabolic health, and behavior, ensuring the findings are robust and reliable.

The Power of Early Forage: Setting Calves Up for Success

This study unequivocally underscores the importance of introducing forage early in a calf’s diet. The integration of forage, often overshadowed by traditional feeding methods, yields promising results for growth performance and overall health. The method and timing of forage introduction are pivotal for how effectively dairy calves utilize these fibrous materials. 

Young calves start grazing naturally as early as the second week of life, showing an instinctual preference for forage. This early consumption significantly enhances rumen development and nutrient absorption. Research from the early 2000s highlights the benefits of lower levels of forage inclusion, setting the stage for optimizing calf diets. Studies consistently find that calves offered forage, especially in mixed rations, exhibit increased solid feed intake and improved metabolic responses. 

This study builds on that understanding, showing that calves receiving TMR with forage maintain solid feed intake and have elevated β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations, indicating efficient metabolic processes. Additionally, forage inclusion encourages longer rumination times, a sign of better digestive health and behavioral satisfaction. 

These insights call for a shift in calf-rearing practices. Traditional methods often use grain-heavy starters without forage, but evidence now supports the essential role of fiber. Calves consuming alfalfa hay, for example, show higher starter feed intake than those given other forage types, suggesting that fine-tuning forage sources can maximize benefits. 

On commercial dairy farms, where the norm often excludes forage pre-weaning, feeding protocols need an urgent reevaluation. The integration of quality forage could significantly enhance growth performance and metabolic health, providing a solid foundation for calves’ future productivity. As the industry pivots towards evidence-based feeding strategies, advocating for early forage inclusion becomes not just important, but imperative for optimal dairy calf performance.

Diverse Forage Sources and Their Unique Benefits

Forage SourceUnique Benefits
Tifton Hay (Medium Quality)Supports increased solid feed intake, improves rumination time, and provides fibers essential for digestion.
Tifton Hay (Low Quality)Encourages higher solid feed consumption and enhances rumination, despite lower digestibility compared to medium quality hay.
Corn SilageBoosts solid feed intake, provides a balanced nutrient profile, and enhances digestibility and palatability.

Both ensiled and dry sources showed distinct advantages among the forage options tested. Regardless of quality, Tifton hay significantly enhanced solid feed intake during crucial developmental periods. Corn silage also improved feeding behavior, underscoring the value of diverse forages in calf nutrition. 

These findings align with prior research, such as Castells et al., which highlighted that various forages could equally boost intake and gains without harming feed efficiency or nutrient digestibility. Quality is influential, but the presence of forage itself is vital for healthy development. 

The study noted higher β-hydroxybutyrate levels and increased rumination times in calves fed TMR with forage, indicating better rumen fermentation and metabolic activity. These markers illustrate how forages positively impact rumen development and digestive health, connecting metabolic outcomes with improved behavior. 

Furthermore, the methods of forage inclusion, like total mixed rations, significantly influence outcomes. Different forages interact uniquely with the diet, affecting particle size, physical form, and nutrient content. This complexity necessitates a nuanced approach to forage integration, considering the calf’s developmental stage and dietary goals. 

Ultimately, incorporating diverse forage sources offers benefits beyond nutrition. These forages promote metabolic health, efficient rumination, and proper eating behavior, supporting robust calf growth. Dairy producers should consider these benefits to optimize their feeding programs.

Understanding the Performance and Behavior of Dairy Calves

Incorporating various forage sources in Total Mixed Rations (TMR) enhances growth rates through improved feed efficiency and metabolic health. The study showed that while forages in TMR didn’t significantly change average daily gain or body weight, they did increase solid feed intake, laying a solid foundation for healthy growth. Additionally, higher β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations in calves receiving forage-inclusive diets signified enhanced metabolic health. 

Feed efficiency, a critical aspect of livestock management, improved significantly with diverse forage sources in TMR. This positive trend indicates more effective nutrient utilization, which is crucial for the economic viability of dairy farming. Calves on such TMR diets also exhibited prolonged rumination, a sign of good digestive health and fiber utilization. 

Forage inclusion also influenced behavioral patterns. Calves on forage-inclusive diets showed extended rumination periods associated with better digestive efficiency and general well-being. Despite no significant differences in time spent on various activities, the extended rumination time highlights the necessity of forage for optimal rumen development. 

In essence, including forage in early-life diets for dairy calves boosts growth rates, feed efficiency, and overall health. Strategic forage inclusion in pre- and postweaning diets fosters resilient, healthy, and high-performing dairy cattle. These insights are crucial as we optimize feeding regimens for the benefit of both livestock and dairy producers.

New Findings in Early Forage Inclusion 

ParameterForage Inclusion (MH, LH, CS)No Forage (CON)
Solid Feed Intake (wk 7 & 8)IncreasedLower
Postweaning Feed IntakeHigherLower
Average Daily Gain (ADG)No significant differenceNo significant difference
Body Weight (BW)No significant differenceNo significant difference
Feed Efficiency (FE)LowerHigher
β-Hydroxybutyrate ConcentrationHigherLower
Rumination TimeHigherLower
NDF Intake (Week 8)HigherLower

Recent research highlights the benefits of early forage inclusion in the diets of dairy calves. Studies and meta-analyses confirm that dietary fiber from forage positively influences pre- and post-weaned calf performance. 

Comparing calves fed forage with those on a forage-free diet shows significant behavior and feed efficiency improvements. Forage-fed calves have increased rumination and better nutrient digestion, as seen from a higher neutral detergent fiber intake from week 8. 

The implications for dairy calf management practices are evident. Including forage in the diet enhances feed intake and supports healthier growth. These findings advocate for early dietary forage to optimize metabolic and developmental outcomes.

The Bottom Line

Research highlights the critical role of early forage inclusion in dairy calf development. Adding forage to their diet meets immediate nutritional needs. It promotes beneficial behaviors like increased rumination time, which is essential for long-term health and productivity. Higher β-hydroxybutyrate levels indicate better metabolic adaptation, underscoring the importance of fiber for gut health and rumen development. 

Dairy farmers and nutritionists should reconsider including forage in early calf nutrition to boost feed intake, behavior, and growth. Implementing this requires tailored approaches considering forage quality and proportion in mixed rations. 

Future research should explore the long-term impacts of early forage inclusion on growth and health. It will be crucial to investigate the relationship between gut fill, average daily gain (ADG), and different forage types on metabolic indicators over time. Understanding sustained rumination from early forage can optimize calf nutrition, ensuring smooth transitions into high-yielding dairy cows.

Key Takeaways:

  • Introducing forage early in calves’ diets can significantly enhance rumen development and nutrient absorption.
  • Calves receiving TMR with included forage maintained higher solid feed intake compared to those without forage.
  • The diets containing medium quality hay (MH), low quality hay (LH), and corn silage (CS) all showed increased solid feed intake pre- and postweaning.
  • Despite no significant differences in average daily gain and body weight (BW), forage groups exhibited higher feed efficiency with the CON diet.
  • Calves on TMR-containing forage had elevated β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations, indicating efficient metabolic processes.
  • Supplemental forage led to longer rumination times, signifying better digestive health and behavioral satisfaction.

Summary: A study published in the Journal of Dairy Science suggests that introducing forage early in a calf’s diet can improve growth performance and overall health. Young calves start grazing naturally as early as the second week of life, showing an instinctual preference for forage. This early consumption significantly enhances rumen development and nutrient absorption. Research from the early 2000s has consistently found that calves offered forage, especially in mixed rations, exhibit increased solid feed intake and improved metabolic responses. This study builds on that understanding, showing that calves receiving total mixed rations (TMR) with forage maintain solid feed intake and have elevated β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations, indicating efficient metabolic processes. Forage inclusion encourages longer rumination times, a sign of better digestive health and behavioral satisfaction. The study calls for a shift in calf-rearing practices, as traditional methods often use grain-heavy starters without forage. Integrating quality forage could significantly enhance growth performance and metabolic health, providing a solid foundation for calves’ future productivity.

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