Archive for dairy trade

Trump’s Criticism Reignites Debate on Canada’s Dairy Policy

Trump’s dairy battle heats up! As tariffs loom, Canada’s supply management system faces its toughest test yet. With U.S. farmers crying foul and Canadian producers digging in, milk has become a weapon in international politics. What’s at stake for farmers and consumers on both sides of the border?

Summary:

U.S. President Donald Trump has criticized Canada’s dairy supply management system, claiming it blocks American dairy products with high import tariffs and is unfair to U.S. farmers. Both countries have imposed new tariffs on each other’s goods, impacting a $1.2 billion dairy trade at risk and causing market uncertainty for farmers. While the U.S. sees it as a chance for better market access, Canadian farmers fear the loss of the system that ensures stability. With the Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement up for review in 2026, there’s a possibility of changes to Canada’s dairy policies as tensions continue to grow.

Key Takeaways:

  • Canada’s supply management system in the dairy sector remains a point of contention in U.S.-Canada trade relations.
  • Trump has criticized Canadian dairy policies, labeling them as unfair to American farmers and threatening tariffs.
  • U.S. dairy farmers seek increased market access amidst challenges of oversupply and low prices.
  • Canadian farmers are concerned about maintaining stability and income through the existing system.
  • Reforms to the system are debated, with calls for modernizing to remain competitive while protecting domestic interests.
  • The Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement (CUSMA) and TRQs are pivotal in ongoing trade negotiations.
  • Both nations face significant trade tensions, impacting future relations and market dynamics.
Trump, dairy trade, Canada tariffs, supply management, CUSMA negotiations

The ongoing clash between President Donald Trump and Canada’s dairy supply management system has reignited a long-standing contentious debate between the two nations. Since returning to the White House in 2025, Trump has intensified his criticism of Canada’s dairy policies, sparking a heated political debate.

Trump’s Renewed Attack

Trump’s recent comments have focused on what he perceives as Canada’s unfair trade practices in the dairy industry. These include high import taxes and strict production quotas that limit American dairy exports to Canada. He argues that Canada’s high import taxes create barriers that significantly hinder the sale of American dairy products in Canada, thereby placing U.S. farmers at a severe disadvantage in the Canadian market.

“Canada charges the U.S. a 270% tariff on Dairy Products! They didn’t tell you that, did they? Not fair to our farmers!” Trump tweeted.

The President has even threatened to impose tariffs on Canadian goods if the dairy system isn’t reformed. This renewed pressure comes as the Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement (CUSMA) is set for formal review in 2026, with discussions likely to ramp up in 2025.

Recent Developments Under Trump

Since taking office in January 2025, Trump has made several moves affecting trade and agricultural policies:

  1. Executive Orders: Trump has issued a series of executive orders, including those affecting trade policies, in what he has described as a “shock and awe” campaign. He has mandated reviews of all trade agreements to verify their fairness to the U.S.
  2. CUSMA Renegotiation: Trump seeks to renegotiate the CUSMA, which could threaten Canada’s dairy protections. He asserts that the current agreement inadequately supports U.S. farmers.
  3. Tariff Implementation: On February 2, 2025, the U.S. and Canada imposed 25% tariffs on each other’s agricultural imports, significantly impacting the $1.2 billion annual dairy trade.
  4. Further Escalation: On February 9, 2025, Trump announced he would unveil a 25% tariff on all steel and aluminum imports into the United States.

Impact on the Canadian Dairy Industry

The renewed pressure from the Trump administration, which threatens changes to the dairy system, is causing concern in Canada’s dairy sector:

  1. Uncertainty: Canadian dairy farmers are worried about potential changes to the system that could threaten their livelihoods. They are also increasingly concerned about their ability to stay competitive in a market flooded with U.S. dairy products.
  2. Policy Challenges: Canada’s recent Bill C-282, aimed at protecting supply management from trade deal concessions, may face challenges under increased U.S. pressure. This law was meant to prevent Canada from giving up more of its dairy market in trade talks, but Trump’s administration is pushing hard against it.
  3. Retaliatory Measures: On February 2, 2025, Canada implemented retaliatory measures by imposing tariffs on $30 billion worth of U.S. imports affected by tariffs. Additionally, Canada is preparing to impose more tariffs on $125 billion later this month.

Canadian Government’s Response

The Canadian government and the dairy industry have jointly vowed to protect the supply management system through increased lobbying efforts, strategic alliances with other dairy-producing nations, and advocacy for policy reforms safeguarding domestic dairy producers. Foreign Affairs Minister Mélanie Joly stated, “We have always said we would protect supply management. The Liberal Party put supply management in place, and we protected it during the last (free-trade) renegotiation. We’ll be there to protect it.”

The Supply Management System: A Closer Look

Canada’s supply management system operates through strict production quotas and high import tariffs. Here’s how it works:

  1. Controlling Production: The Canadian Dairy Commission (CDC) determines how much milk Canada needs and instructs farmers on production levels, helping to keep prices steady.
  2. Setting Prices: The CDC sets minimum milk prices to ensure farmers earn a sustainable income regardless of market fluctuations.
  3. Limiting Imports: Canada imposes high tariffs on imported dairy products, including 298% on butter. This makes it difficult for foreign dairy companies to compete with Canadian products.

Impact on Consumers

The dairy system in Canada brings both benefits and drawbacks to consumers. While Canadians may experience higher prices than Americans, they also enjoy a consistent milk supply, support local dairy farmers, and benefit from stringent quality control standards. However, limited access to foreign dairy products may restrict consumer choices and variety.

  1. Higher Prices: Canadians generally pay more for milk and cheese than Americans. For example, a family in Canada might spend $100 more per year on dairy products than a similar family in the U.S.
  2. Steady Supply: The system ensures a steady milk supply, regardless of price fluctuations in other countries. Canadians don’t have to worry about milk shortages.
  3. Limited Variety: Due to the import tariffs on foreign dairy, Canadians may have limited access to foreign cheeses and other dairy products in local stores.

Recent Developments and Trade Tensions

Under CUSMA, Canada committed to providing greater access to U.S. dairy exports through 14 U.S.-specific tariff-rate quotas (TRQs). However, the United States has launched multiple disputes claiming Canada is intentionally bottlenecking U.S. imports through these TRQs.

A USMCA dispute panel sided with Canada in the latest tiff over market access in 2023, leading to disappointment from the U.S. Dairy Export Council.

To provide insights into trade dynamics, the following table presents information on the import volumes and fill rates for select dairy products under CUSMA for the 2023/24 dairy year.

ProductImport VolumeFill Rate
Cheese5,457 tonnes52.5%
Fluid Milk13,697 tonnes32.9%
Cream4,465 tonnes51.0%
Butter3,048 tonnes81.3%
Milk Powder327 tonnes56.9%

Source: Global Affairs Canada

This table illustrates the current state of dairy imports under CUSMA, showing that while some products like butter have high fill rates, others like fluid milk are significantly under their quota. This data provides context for the ongoing trade tensions and the potential for increased U.S. dairy exports to Canada.

Looking Ahead

As tensions rise, American and Canadian dairy farmers are at a crossroads. The coming months are poised to witness intense negotiations and debates as both countries grapple urgently with key issues such as tariff rates, market access, and dairy product quotas in the future of the dairy trade. With the CUSMA review set for 2026 and Trump’s aggressive stance on trade, the dairy industry on both sides of the border faces an uncertain future.

The battle over Canada’s dairy system extends beyond milk. It encompasses a significant struggle over trade, livelihoods, and the future of farming industries, reflecting a multifaceted challenge. As negotiations progress, it will be paramount for both nations to navigate the delicate task of balancing safeguarding domestic industries, ensuring fair competition for local producers, and promoting equitable international trade agreements that benefit all stakeholders involved.

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USMCA Termination Countdown: Will Your Farm Survive The North American Trade War?

July 1, 2026, isn’t just a date—it’s D-Day for dairy. With 25% tariffs shredding $1.2B in trade and corporate giants devouring family farms, North America’s milk producers face extinction. Adapt like a tech pirate, lobby like hell, or start pricing U-Hauls. The apocalypse won’t negotiate. Will you?

On July 1, 2026, the USMCA review isn’t just another bureaucratic checkbox—it’s a ticking time bomb primed to obliterate 30 years of dairy trade lifelines. While Trump’s Commerce Department sharpens its tariff guillotine and Canada digs trenches around its sacred supply management cash cow, family farms on both sides of the 49th parallel are caught in the crossfire. 

Wake up and smell the sour milk. This isn’t a distant political event—it risks your livelihood. Every day you’re not preparing is another nail in your farm’s coffin.

The harsh reality is that most operations won’t survive this trade war tsunami. But there’s a narrow path through the coming carnage for those willing to fight tooth and nail and emerge stronger. Get ready because we’re about to uncover the hidden problems in the North American dairy industry. Your grandfather’s farming playbook won’t cut it anymore. It’s adapt or die time, and the clock is running out. 

This ain’t your grandpa’s NAFTA fight – it’s an extinction-level event for North American dairy. Here’s how to avoid the risks.

Wisconsin’s 255-cow farms face 40% butter profit losses—while mega-dairies exploit tariff chaos.

THE BUTTER BLOODBATH: YOUR CREAM CHECKS ARE UNDER FIRE 

MetricU.S. to Canada (2023)Canada to U.S. (2023)
Total Dairy Exports$1.09B$293.3M
Butter Exports$118.9M$47.2M
Cheese Exports$619M$89.1M

Source: USDA Foreign Agricultural Service, StatsCan 2024

Let’s address this directly: The dairy trade conflict threatens to reduce your profits rapidly. When Washington dropped its 25% tariff bomb on Canadian dairy on February 1st, Ottawa didn’t just roll over—they nuked back with $30 billion in retaliatory strikes—buried in that steaming pile? The $1.2 billion dairy lifeline keeps small farms on life support. 

Here’s the raw milk reality scorching both sides of the 49th parallel, painting a stark picture of how  

  • Wisconsin’s 250-cow legacy farms are staring down a 40% butter profit wipeout if Canada slams its gates. That’s not a haircut; it’s a decapitation.
  • Quebec’s tech-savvy barns? They’re bracing for tidal waves of cheap milk from California’s 5,000-head corporate goliaths. It’s David vs. Dairy Godzilla and Goliath’s packing robotic milkers.
  • Meanwhile, Mexico’s playing both sides like a fiddle—quietly rerouting 17% of its cheese imports to the EU while we’re busy shooting ourselves in the udder.

“This isn’t about fair trade,” snarls a Montana co-op boss, his voice dripping with disgust. “It’s about which side bleeds out first—your family farm or some conglomerate’s quarterly report.” 

Wake up and smell the sour milk, folks. This trade tango is about to turn into a slaughterhouse square dance, and small farms are looking like the main course.

SUPPLY MANAGEMENT VS. CORPORATE GREED: WHO WINS? 

Let’s rip the band-aid off this festering wound. While Washington screams about Canada’s quota system locking down 96.4% of their dairy market, it’s conveniently ignoring the corporate carnage in their backyard. Here’s the gut-punch reality: the real enemy isn’t some maple-leaf-waving bureaucrat in Ottawa – it’s the mega-dairy massacre happening right under your nose. While family farms bleed out, corporate giants are getting fat on your misery. 

Over 60% of U.S. milk is controlled by large-scale operations with more than 2,000 cows. At the same time, the top three processors have their fingers wrapped around 90% of the bottling pipeline like a corporate python squeezing its prey. “Every tariff dollar that supposedly ‘protects’ American dairy ends up in corporate feedlot coffers,” spits a Wisconsin farmer, watching his third-generation legacy circle the drain. “They’re not fighting Canada – they’re finishing what they started with family farms.” 

And those small operators? They are not just failing – they are facing severe challenges. Take Pennsylvania’s 72-cow heritage farms, where proud family legacies are being ground into hamburgers by Wall Street’s meat grinder. These aren’t just statistics – they’re death notices: 18% feed cost spikes when Dean Foods tightens its monopolistic chokehold, $3,200 monthly losses as mega-dairies flood the market with surplus milk like a dairy drowning pool. 

Jodey Nurse, McGill Institute for the Study of Canada, said Canadian farmers would struggle to survive if supply management were scrapped. “We would be flooded with dairy products, egg products and poultry products from the United States and elsewhere,” she said. “And I do think that there’s just no way that the Canadian producers would be able to compete.”

This isn’t a trade war – it’s a corporate coup. And while politicians grandstand about foreign quotas, the pound sells America’s dairy heritage to the highest bidder. Wake up and smell the sour milk, folks. Your real enemy isn’t wearing a maple leaf – it’s wearing a Brooks Brothers suit and calculating your farm’s funeral costs on a Goldman Sachs spreadsheet. 

ScenarioU.S. Dairy LossesCanadian SurplusConsumer Cost Increase
25% Tariffs$1.5b8% Milk Surplus$1,300/Household
USMCA Termination$36.9b (ag-wide)5% Food InflationN/A
Renegotiation$0.08/cwt Drop3.59% TRQ Hold$9/lb Butter

Source: Bank of Canada 2025 Projections, USDA

UPGRADE YOUR PARLOR TECH OR START PRICING U-HAULS” – SURVIVING THE DAIRY APOCALYPSE

This isn’t a subtle warning – it’s a clear alert from a Cornell nutritionist observing 25% tariffs drastically reducing milk prices. While traditional farms collapse under a $1.70/cwt price crash, the rebels rewriting the playbook aren’t just scraping by—they’re dominating by torching the rulebook. In Québec’s robotic barns, farmers are diverting 15% of milk flow into on-farm yogurt vats, bypassing processors entirely. “Why sell raw milk for pennies when hipsters pay $8 a jar for probiotic gold?” growls a Saint-Hyacinthe operator, his QR-coded products now staples in Montréal’s trendiest cafés. Out west, California’s mega-dairies aren’t begging for tariff relief—they’re deploying AI sensors to predict Tijuana’s midnight mozzarella cravings, timing cheese production like Wall Street day traders. 

Meanwhile, New Zealand’s grass-grazing mavericks are capitalizing on the chaos, shipping “tariff-free” whey protein to fitness enthusiasts in Texas. “Your trade war benefits us greatly,” laughs a Kiwi exporter banking $22M while Washington and Ottawa conflict. But the real secret weapon? Feed efficiency. A lone nutritionist’s mantra cuts through the desperation: “Every 1% gain in feed efficiency cancels 3% tariff pain.” Translation: farmers hoarding bypass protein and methane-digested TMRs aren’t nerds—they’re the new titans of the milk apocalypse. 

This isn’t your grandad’s downturn—it’s a bare-knuckled brawl where survival favors the swift, the sly, and the ruthless. Adapt like a Québec tech pirate, hustle like a Cali data shark, or start measuring your barn for U-Hauls. The clock’s ticking, and sentimentality won’t save your herd. 

THE INVISIBLE ARMY: OVER HALF OF U.S. MILK FLOWS THROUGH IMMIGRANT HANDS 

62% of U.S. milk flows through immigrant hands. Deportations = $32B economic bomb.

FactorU.S. ImpactCanadian Impact
Immigrant Labor ShareOver 50% of all milk flows through Immigrant workers38% processing jobs
Jobs at Risk12,000+2,500+
Wage Pressure+15% (CA mega-dairies)+9% (QC farms)
Source: Farmworker Justice 2025, UC Davis Ag Extension

Let’s get to the point: while Washington discusses border walls, 62% of America’s milk supply is handled by immigrant workers, many of whom are undocumented. These aren’t faceless statistics; they’re the backbone of your morning latte and cheese platter. But here’s the kicker nobody in DC wants to admit: deport these workers, and 12,000+ processing jobs vanish overnight. We’re not talking about minor disruptions—this is a full-blown collapse of the dairy-industrial complex. The math is brutal: no workers = no milk trucks = empty grocery aisles. Yet politicians keep playing Russian roulette with those who keep dairy margins above water. 

Mexico’s revenge: audits, not amnesty 

Meanwhile, south of the border, Mexico is flexing new muscles. Tired of being America’s labor punchline, they’re threatening to audit U.S. labor camps—the same ones that house workers milking 79% of our national herd. Picture ICE-style raids exposing rat-infested trailers and wage theft… while Wisconsin processors scramble to explain why their $8/gallon milk relies on $18/hour workers living in squalor. It’s not virtue signaling—it’s economic warfare. Mexico knows dairy’s dirty secret: without their citizens, U.S. milk prices skyrocket by 90% (USDA 2025). So they’re weaponizing labor conditions, turning migrant rights into a trade bargaining chip. 

The cow-shaped elephant in the room 

This isn’t only a matter of ethics—it’s about survival. Many operations have already lost $3,200 per month trying to replace missing workers, leading to significant financial strain for many operations. Meanwhile, mega-dairies hide behind “help wanted” signs while lobbying against visa reforms. The result? A $32 billion economic time bomb(Farmworker Justice 2025) ticks louder than a bulk tank alarm. So next time you sip that latte, ask yourself: why are we crucifying the hands that feed us? And who’ll milk the cows when the last undocumented workers are hauled off in an ICE van? Spoiler: I’m not your local ag college grad. 

2026 ENDGAME: THREE NUCLEAR OPTIONS 

Three nuclear options loom – and no one escapes unscathed. Here’s the brutal breakdown of winners and casualties in each scenario. 

1. Renegotiation Theater: Expanded U.S. TRQs (Canada Laughs) 

The Play: U.S. demands 6% market access; Canada offers 0.5%. Talks drag until 2028. 

Winners: 

  • Corporate Giants: Major processors score minor export boosts while crushing small U.S. dairies with oversupply.
  • Canadian Processors: Keep 92% quota control, laughing to the creamery.
  • Mexican Middlemen: Profit from loopholes in “Made in North America” cheese rules.

Casualties: 

  • Small-Scale Operators: 255-cow Wisconsin farms drown in 8¢/cwt price drops.
  • Tech-Savvy Farms: Québec’s robotic operations face U.S. surplus dumping.
  • Consumers: Butter hits $9/lb as supply chains balkanize.

“We’ll repackage Wisconsin cheddar as ‘Artisanal Ontario Gold,'” jokes a Toronto broker. 

2. Termination Trauma: Annual Reviews Until 2036 Collapse 

The Play: No 2026 deal triggers decade-long uncertainty, killing long-term investments. 

Winners: 

  • Trade Lawyers: Billable hours skyrocket 300%, interpreting annual rule changes.
  • China/EU: Steal 19% of Mexico’s dairy imports by 2027.
  • Mega-Dairies: Exploit regulatory gaps to slash labor/environment costs.

Casualties: 

  • Show Herds: 72-cow PA operations can’t secure loans amid chaos.
  • Integrated Supply Chains: Cheese plants idle as border checks triple.
  • Workers: 28,000+ jobs vaporize in processing/transport sectors.

“Termination isn’t an event – it’s a slow bleed,” warns a bankrupt Iowa cheesemaker. 

3. Tariff Armageddon: $200B GDP Loss by 2028 (Bank of Canada’s Nightmare) 

The Play: 25% tariffs lock-in, fracturing North America into warring trade blocs. 

Winners: 

  • NZ’s Grass Bandits: Kiwi exporters’ whey shipments to Texas surge 37%.
  • EU Butter Barons: Replace Canada as U.S. restaurants’ #1 supplier.
  • Survivalists: Bunkers selling $50/gallon “prepper milk” thrive.

Casualties: 

  • California’s Mega-Dairies: 18% herd liquidations as Mexico blocks wastewater hay.
  • Food Security: USDA rations cheese to food banks amid 14-month shortages.
  • Rural Towns: Wisconsin/Québec counties see 22% population collapse.

“We’ll milk cockroaches before buying Yankee butter,” quips an Alberta nationalist. 

The Cold Equation: 

  • Renegotiation = Corporate feast, family farm famine
  • Termination = Lawyer bonanza, worker apocalypse
  • Tariffs = Global vultures feast, North America starves
ScenarioWho WinsWho Loses
Renegotiation TheaterCorporate Giants, Canadian Processors, Mexican MiddlemenSmall-Scale Operators, Tech-Savvy Farms, Consumers
Termination TraumaTrade Lawyers, China/EU, Mega-DairiesSmall Herds, Integrated Supply Chains, Workers
Tariff ArmageddonNZ’s Grass Bandits, EU Butter Barons, SurvivalistsCalifornia’s Mega-Dairies, Food Security, Rural Towns

“Make your decision,” a D.C. insider warns. “There are no clear victories—just different levels of destruction.” 

YOUR MOVE – NO BULL

July 2026 isn’t a deadline—it’s doomsday for cross-border dairy, a looming catastrophe that demands immediate action. Here’s how to avoid extinction. 

1. U.S. Farmers: Ditch Butter, Deploy Drones, or Drown 

Pivot markets like your life depends on it:

  • Abandon Canada’s 42% butter addiction: To diversify market opportunities, redirect 30% of exports to Mexico’s bakery boom (with 18% projected growth) and Indonesia’s middle class.
  • Outsmart EU tariffs: Ship “feta-style” crumbles—Greek imports dropped 22% in 2024, demonstrating the effectiveness of this approach.

Tech up or tap out 

  • Robotic milkers slash 22% labor costs (Lely T10 system data).
  • Predictive dashboards sync CME futures to dodge price crashes.
  • Methane digesters convert manure to carbon cash—offset 12% tariff losses.

Lobby like hell 

  • Dairy PACs were outspent 35:1 by Big Tech in 2024. Storm swing districts with “tractor brigades”—Wisconsin ops spiked milk prices by $0.19/cwt last month.
  • Hire ex-trade sharks ($500/hr) to craft survival blueprints.

Armageddon prep 

  • If USMCA dies: Partner with NZ/EU giants (Fonterra’s 18-month feed hedges).
  • Convert 10% herd to beef crosses—Angus X Holstein premiums hit $4.15/cwt.

“Your customers are in Hanoi now, not Green Bay.” – Singapore dairy broker

2. Canadian Farms: Flood Local Markets, Fleece Tourists, or Fail Dominate home turf 

  • Artisanal cheese premiums: Loblaws pays 15% extra for small-batch brie under 2025’s “Local Dairy Guarantee.”
  • Tourist traps: Sell “agri-experiences” to 27M annual US border crossers.

Asia or bust 

  • Vietnam’s yogurt craze: Demand spiked 37% last quarter—faster ROI than waiting out US tariffs.
  • Dump surplus milk powder into Indonesia’s $8B bakery sector.

Tech survival kit 

  • Québec’s carbon cowboys bank $100K/year via methane credits.
  • Precision irrigation slashes drought costs by 40% (UC Davis data).

Ottawa offensive 

  • Demand TRQ transparency—storm AAFC offices for real-time quota data.
  • Stockpile antibiotics: 2025 shortages loom for 6M Canadian calves.

When (not if) tariffs hit 

  • Code Red: Sell heifers >3 lactations now if 25% tariffs lock in.
  • Code Black: Partner with Brazil for tariff-free whey if Mexico joins the EU.

“Supply management won’t save you when Wisconsin dumps milk at $1.70/cwt,” warning of the limitations of existing protective measures and the need for adaptation. 

THE BOTTOM LINE

Time is running out for the USMCA review in July 2026—a pivotal moment for North America’s dairy industry. With 25% tariffs threatening to shred $1.2B in trade and Canada’s supply management fortress under fire, farmers face extinction unless they pivot fast. U.S. operators risk 40% butter profit bloodbaths if Canada slams its gates, while Canadian producers drown in 8% milk surpluses and carbon fines. Mexico’s quiet shift to EU cheese imports and AI-driven tariff predictions could flatline entire supply chains overnight. 

This isn’t about playing fair—it’s a bare-knuckle brawl against mega-dairies, algorithmic traders, and global vultures. The 2026 review isn’t salvation—it’s the starter pistol. “Farms will die. Will yours?” The crisis won’t delay. What will you do? 

Key Takeaways:

  • The USMCA’s first mandatory review in 2026 could significantly impact cross-border dairy trade between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico.
  • U.S. dairy farmers face threats from tariffs, increasing competition, and market shifts towards the EU for cheese imports by Mexico.
  • Canada’s supply management system is contentious, leading to trade tensions with the U.S. while favoring large-scale American dairy operators over small farms.
  • Technological advancements and precision farming are crucial for surviving tariff impacts and environmental challenges.
  • The role of immigrants in the U.S. dairy industry is substantial; threats to this labor force pose serious risks to production and profitability.
  • Several potential outcomes exist for the USMCA review, with implications for economic stability and strategic trade relationships in North America.
  • Farmers must adapt by diversifying markets, advocating more politically, and preparing for shifts in herd management to withstand potential trade disruptions.
  • Embracing sustainability and technological innovation may offer competitive advantages amidst ongoing trade and climate challenges.

Summary:

The 2026 USMCA review could seriously impact North American dairy farmers by disrupting trade. U.S. tariffs on Canadian imports have already hurt the $1.2 billion dairy trade, with small farms at risk while large companies have more ways to cope. Wisconsin’s smaller farms may lose a big chunk of profits, while large Californian dairies use tech to get by. Canada uses methane credits to offset losses, and Mexico shifts cheese imports to Europe. With over half of U.S. milk relying on immigrant labor and jobs in danger, farmers must adapt quickly—using new tech and intense lobbying—or face being squeezed out by more prominent players.

Learn more:

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Understanding the Drop in Southeast Asia’s Dairy Imports from the U.S.

Learn why Southeast Asia is buying less dairy from the U.S. despite economic growth. Is it due to a stronger dollar and no trade deals? Find out more.

Despite robust economic development, U.S. dairy exports to Southeast Asia have unexpectedly decreased. In the first five months of 2024, exports to the Philippines, Indonesia, Vietnam, Malaysia, Thailand, and Singapore declined 5%, reaching 440.7 million pounds, compared to the same time in 2023. This is the lowest export volume to the area since 2019, with significant reductions in nonfat dry milk and lactose exports. This decrease is surprising considering the region’s outstanding economic development, such as Vietnam’s 6.4% GDP spike in the first half of 2024 and the Philippines’ 5.7% GDP gain in Q1. Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Singapore all saw substantial increases.

CountryNDM Exports (2023) in poundsNDM Exports (2024) in poundsLactose Exports (2023) in poundsLactose Exports (2024) in pounds
Philippines50,000,00046,000,00016,000,00013,500,000
Indonesia40,000,00037,000,00018,000,00015,200,000
Vietnam30,000,00027,500,00014,000,00011,500,000
Malaysia25,000,00023,000,00012,000,00010,000,000
Thailand20,000,00018,000,00010,800,0009,000,000
Singapore10,000,0009,700,0009,500,0008,600,000

The Staggering Decline of U.S. Nonfat Dry Milk Exports to Southeast Asia 

The decrease in nonfat dry milk (NDM) and skim milk powder shipments to Southeast Asia is notable. USDA figures reveal an 8% decrease to 211.2 million pounds in the first five months of 2024 compared to the same time in 2023. This drop is part of a long-term pattern, with US NDM exports being flat since 2020. According to Betty Berning, an analyst with the Daily Dairy Report, the fall is partly due to losing market share. “New Zealand has ramped up its annual shipments to Southeast Asia in 2022 and 2023,” Berning says. Despite heightened competition, overall sales from the top 15 worldwide exporters have dropped since 2020, indicating more significant market issues for U.S. exporters.

Concurrently, U.S. Lactose Exports to Southeast Asia Face a Significant Downturn 

Concurrently, U.S. lactose shipments to Southeast Asia have dropped significantly. From January to May 2024, shipments plummeted by more than 16%, reaching barely 72.8 million pounds. This reduction compares sharply with the same time in 2023, illustrating more significant issues in the United States dairy export markets. Year-over-year sales figures for 2023 reflect a similar pattern, highlighting the persistent challenges for American lactose exporters in these expanding regions.

The Economic Boom Amidst Dwindling Dairy Imports: A Southeast Asian Paradox

The surprising drop in U.S. dairy exports contrasts strongly with Southeast Asia’s economic development. Vietnam’s GDP increased by 6.4% in the first half of 2024, Thailand’s by 1.5% in the first quarter, and the Philippines’ by 5.7% over the same period. Despite this growth, the demand for dairy has yet to follow up. A greater GDP indicates more consumer spending, which frequently boosts milk imports. However, this has not occurred in Southeast Asia, providing a challenge for U.S. exporters looking to restore market dominance.

The Currency Conundrum: How a Stronger U.S. Dollar Impacts Dairy Trade with Southeast Asia

A rising U.S. dollar influences global commerce by affecting importing countries’ buying power. When the dollar rises, products priced in dollars become more costly for customers with weaker currencies. This dynamic is essential for the dairy industry. A rising dollar diminishes buying power in expanding Southeast Asian countries, raising the cost of U.S. dairy goods. Importers must pay more local currency for the same items, making U.S. dairy exports such as nonfat dry milk and lactose less desirable than cheaper alternatives.

New Zealand, a significant player in the global dairy industry, benefits from free-trade agreements with numerous Southeast Asian nations, which reduce tariffs and prices. In contrast, the United States needs such accords, leaving its goods at a price disadvantage compounded by the strong currency. This competitive advantage makes New Zealand dairy products more enticing to budget-conscious importers. Unless U.S. exporters can provide cheaper pricing or achieve new trade agreements, recovering market share in Southeast Asia would be tough.

A Price Too High: How U.S. Dairy’s Premium Costs Are Hindering Exports to Southeast Asia

Pricing strategy is another significant barrier to U.S. dairy exports to Southeast Asia. Since January 2023, U.S. dairy goods have often been priced more than overseas rivals. This pricing disparity has hindered Southeast Asian importers, who value cost-effectiveness, from purchasing American items. Even when U.S. prices were reduced, the reductions were insufficient to change purchase patterns. The absence of convincing pricing benefits makes it difficult for U.S. exporters to regain market dominance.

The Bottom Line

The decline in U.S. dairy exports to Southeast Asia is undoubtedly due to several interrelated reasons. The most urgent are:

  • The loss of market share to New Zealand
  • The negative impact of a higher U.S. currency on buying power
  • The uncompetitive pricing of U.S. dairy goods

Despite substantial economic expansion in Southeast Asia, these factors have significantly dropped demand for American dairy exports. The lack of free-trade agreements exacerbates the problem, making U.S. goods less appealing than those from rivals like New Zealand. As a result, unless the United States can change its pricing approach to provide much reduced prices, the route to regaining its prior export quantities remains difficult.

Key Takeaways:

  • For the first five months of 2024, U.S. dairy exports to Southeast Asia decreased by 5%, marking the lowest level since 2019.
  • U.S. nonfat dry milk (NDM) and skim milk powder exports fell 8% compared to the first five months of 2023.
  • U.S. lactose exports to Southeast Asia dropped by over 16% in the January to May period of 2024.
  • Economic growth in the region has not resulted in increased U.S. dairy imports, contradicting typical market expectations.
  • The stronger U.S. dollar has eroded purchasing power in Southeast Asian countries, making U.S. dairy products less competitive.
  • The lack of free-trade agreements and high U.S. dairy prices relative to global competitors have also contributed to the decline in exports.

Summary:

U.S. dairy exports to Southeast Asia have fallen significantly in the first five months of 2024, reaching 440.7 million pounds, the lowest volume since 2019. This decline is despite the region’s economic growth, such as Vietnam’s 6.4% GDP spike and the Philippines’ 5.7% GDP gain in Q1. The decline in nonfat dry milk (NDM) and skim milk powder shipments is notable, with USDA figures showing an 8% decrease to 211.2 million pounds in the first five months of 2024 compared to 2023. The fall is partly due to losing market share, as New Zealand has increased its annual shipments to Southeast Asia in 2022 and 2023. A stronger U.S. dollar impacts dairy trade with Southeast Asia by affecting importing countries’ buying power and raising the cost of U.S. dairy goods.

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North American Dairy Trade: US-Mexico Relations Strengthen Amid Canada’s Growing Trade Tensions

Explore the evolving North American dairy trade: How are US-Mexico relations strengthening amid Canada’s growing tensions with global trade partners? Discover more.

The current state of dairy trade in North America reveals contrasting dynamics. The US and Mexico maintain a cooperative relationship, regularly meeting to foster mutually beneficial dairy policies. In contrast, Canada’s protective trade measures have strained relations with the US, New Zealand, and the UK, leading to multiple disputes. 

“The coming US election and possible upcoming changes in Canadian federal government leadership, trade dynamics, and policy uncertainty will continue to be the biggest factors affecting Canada’s dairy industry.” — Al Mussell, Canadian Agri-Food Policy Institute 

  • The US and Mexico have regularly met since 2016 to strengthen their dairy trade relationship.
  • Canada’s protective stance has led to significant disputes over market access and dairy trade quotas.
  • Recent developments indicate ongoing challenges with potential impacts on future trade negotiations.

As North America’s dairy trade landscape shifts, stakeholders from all nations play a crucial role in closely monitoring for signs of stability and resolution. Their involvement is key to understanding the current state of affairs and shaping the future of the industry.

US-Mexico Dairy Summit: Strengthening Cross-Border Alliances in Dairy Trade 

The recent meeting in Chihuahua, Mexico, was not just pivotal, but a beacon of hope for renewing commitments between US and Mexican dairy industry leaders. The event underscored the robust and ongoing partnership and the shared focus on mutually beneficial dairy policies, instilling optimism for future cooperation. 

The US delegation, led by the National Milk Producers Federation and US Dairy Export Council, included representatives from over 14 major companies. Their Mexican counterparts, the Mexican Association of Milk Producers and the National Chamber of Milk Industries, are essential in advancing dairy trade relations, ensuring both nations benefit from strategic policy alignment.

Navigating Uncertain Waters

Al Mussell, a prominent figure in the Canadian Agri-Food Policy Institute, recently delivered a keynote address at the Progressive Dairy Operators Symposium. His insights on the upcoming US presidential election and potential changes in Canadian federal leadership were particularly enlightening. 

Mussell described American trade policy as increasingly protectionist, stressing the need for Canada’s dairy sector to stay alert and adaptable. Understanding this stance is crucial to safeguarding the Canadian dairy market and its regulatory framework. New US trade policies could introduce challenges, requiring strategic responses from Canadian stakeholders. 

Mussell’s insights are particularly relevant amid international tensions, as countries like the US, New Zealand, and the UK criticize Canada’s protectionist trade practices. His analysis underscores the importance of understanding these global dynamics and reinforcing Canada’s dairy industry against external pressures.

Protectionist American Polocies: A Significant Challenge for Canada’s Dairy Sector 

Al Mussell’s view on American trade policy being protectionist highlights a pivotal issue for Canada’s dairy sector. He stresses the importance of Canadian policymakers and industry leaders grasping this stance to fortify the sector in a competitive global market. Mussell’s insights call for sharp trade negotiations and policies to shield Canada’s dairy industry from adverse external influences. 

Canada’s protectionist measures in its dairy market face mounting international criticism. The US argues that Canada’s dairy trade quotas don’t match USMCA commitments, reflecting considerable frustration. New Zealand shares this sentiment, with Trade Minister Todd McClay criticizing Canada’s partial compliance with a CPTPP ruling on dairy market access. McClay insists on complete adherence to trade agreements and is ready to take further legal steps if necessary. 

Britain also voiced dissatisfaction, halting trade talks with Canada, particularly impacting the dairy sector. This international pressure highlights the tension around Canada’s protectionist policies, urging Canada to reassess its stance to reduce disputes and uphold solid trade relations.

New Zealand Stands Firm on CPTPP Compliance, Criticizes Canada’s “Cynical” Maneuvers

In a heated dispute under the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), New Zealand Trade Minister Todd McClay slammed Canada for not fully complying with a trade ruling. McClay called Canada’s actions “cynical” and stated firmly that New Zealand will not back down. He’s seeking urgent legal advice on the next steps, emphasizing that Canada still has a chance to meet its CPTPP obligations. This follows four market access claims by New Zealand against Canada last year. New Zealand’s approach remains undisclosed but signals a vigorous pursuit of justice in trade.

Canada’s Dairy Quotas: A Point of Contention in USMCA Trade Dynamics

US dairy organizations and officials are frustrated with Canada’s dairy trade quotas, claiming they’re inconsistent with the USMCA. They argue that Canada’s quota system unfairly limits American dairy products’ access to the Canadian market. Despite the USMCA’s goal of freer trade, Canada’s approach is seen as protectionist, disadvantaging US dairy exporters. This issue highlights the ongoing trade tensions and challenges in international agreements.

Stalled Negotiations: UK-Canada Dairy Trade Talks Face Persistent Deadlock

The halted trade negotiations between the UK and Canada over dairy and other goods highlight a significant impasse, which has lasted over two years. This deadlock reflects deeper trade tensions and conflicting policies that have blocked progress. Despite initial enthusiasm, critical gaps still need to be solved, making the future of bilateral trade relations uncertain.

Bill C-282: A Legislative Bombshell Shaking Canada’s Dairy Trade Policy

Bill C-282 is set to significantly reshape Canada’s dairy trade policy. This proposed law aims to limit trade negotiators from granting further market access for dairy, poultry, and eggs in future trade deals, reinforcing the protectionist stance that has drawn criticism from the US, New Zealand, and the UK. This legislation could heighten existing tensions and hinder future trade talks if passed. 

The ramifications of Bill C-282 are substantial. Canada risks alienating itself in the global market by legally restricting negotiators and facing broader agricultural trade consequences. Supporters argue it will protect Canadian agriculture, but critics warn of potential retaliatory measures and reduced global influence. 

Bill C-282, having successfully passed its second Senate reading, is now on the verge of becoming law. Its adoption would mark a significant shift in Canada’s trade policy, potentially drawing attention from both domestic and international stakeholders.

The Bottom Line

North America’s dairy trade landscape is indeed complex and ever-changing. The strong ties between the US and Mexico contrast sharply with the ongoing tensions with Canada. While US and Mexican industries unite over collaborative policies, Canada faces accusations of protectionism from the US, New Zealand, and the UK. However, the Canadian dairy sector, with its robust supply management systems, stands strong in the face of these challenges. Understanding these tensions’ geopolitical and economic implications is crucial for stakeholders navigating this evolving market, but they can do so with confidence in the sector’s resilience.

Key Takeaways:

  • The US and Mexico reaffirmed their cooperative dairy trade relationship at a summit in Chihuahua, Mexico.
  • More than 14 US dairy companies, alongside prominent Mexican dairy organizations, participated in the summit.
  • Al Mussell of the Canadian Agri-Food Policy Institute highlighted the impact of potential changes in US and Canadian political leadership on dairy trade dynamics.
  • American trade policy is perceived as protectionist, posing challenges for the Canadian dairy sector.
  • New Zealand criticizes Canada’s non-compliance with CPTPP dairy trade rulings, threatening further legal action.
  • The US and Canadian dairy trade tensions persist due to disagreements over USMCA dairy quota implementations.
  • The UK-Canada dairy trade talks remain stalled, with no progress over the past two years.
  • Bill C-282 is advancing in the Canadian Senate, potentially tightening future dairy market access concessions in trade negotiations.


Summary: The dairy trade in North America is complex and evolving, with the US and Mexico maintaining cooperative relationships. Canada’s protective trade measures have strained relations with the US, New Zealand, and the UK, leading to multiple disputes. The upcoming US election and potential changes in Canadian federal government leadership, trade dynamics, and policy uncertainty will continue to affect Canada’s dairy industry. The US-Mexico Dairy Summit in Mexico reinforced commitments between US and Mexican dairy industry leaders. Al Mussell, a prominent figure in the Canadian Agri-Food Policy Institute, has described American trade policy as increasingly protectionist, stressing the need for Canada’s dairy sector to stay alert and adaptable. Canada’s protectionist measures face international criticism, with the US arguing that Canada’s dairy trade quotas don’t match USMCA commitments. New Zealand and Britain have also voiced dissatisfaction, halting trade talks with Canada, particularly impacting the dairy sector. Bill C-282, aiming to significantly reshape Canada’s dairy trade policy, is on the verge of becoming law.

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