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Archive for Dairy Herd Management

Where Will Tomorrow’s Dairy Herds Come From? U.S. Farmers Navigate Historic Heifer Crisis

Thursday, March 6th, 2025

U.S. dairy faces a perfect storm: 47-year low heifer counts, $4,000 springers, and beef-cross mania. Will farmers pivot fast enough to avoid milking herd collapse, or will the next decade’s dairy aisles dry? Dive into the crisis and the fightback strategies.

The numbers don’t lie: America’s dairy farms run on fumes. With heifer inventories cratering to 1978 levels and beef-cross calves now outselling some used Teslas at $1,200 a pop, dairy producers face a brutal ultimatum—cash in on today’s beef gold rush or gamble tomorrow’s milking herds into oblivion. The USDA’s January bombshell? Just 3.914 million heifers remain nationwide, down nearly 1% in a year, while springing heifers fetch $4,000+ a head in desperate bidding wars. ‘We’re burning through generations of genetics to pay the feed bill,’ admits Sarah Klecker, a Wisconsin dairywoman now buying replacements at triple what she sold them for. This isn’t just a shortage—it’s a high-stakes reshuffle of an entire industry’s future. Will farmers pivot fast enough to avoid milking herd collapse, or will the next decade’s dairy aisles dry? Grab your boots. We’re diving into the trenches.

Walking the Beef-Dairy Tightrope—Don’t Look Down!

Alright, let’s cut through the BS. You’ve seen the headlines—“Beef-cross calves outsell used cars!”—but what’s happening in your breeding barn? Why is every farmer and their neighbor suddenly obsessed with Angus bulls? Let’s break it down like we’re leaning on the feed bunk, coffee in hand.

“Profit Today, Regret Tomorrow?” – The Beef-Dairy Dilemma

Look, I get it. When beef-cross calves hit $1,200 a pop at Turlock last January, even my tractor-driving dog sat up and took notice. But here’s the kicker—while breeding your lower-tier girls to beef bulls pays the feed bill today, it’s like robbing Peter to pay Paul. Ask Sarah Klecker up in Wisconsin. She sold 80% of her calves to Angus bulls last year, cleared her debts, and then got sucker-punched buying back springers at $3,800 a head. “Felt like trading my pickup for a bicycle,” she told me.

Wait, scratch that—it’s not just about the money. This ain’t your grandpa’s dairy game. We’re talking 70% of U.S. dairies now playing this high-stakes breeding roulette. But why? Let’s crunch numbers even your accountant would high-five:

  • Sexed semen: 63% of significant operations use it on their cream-of-the-crop cows (think top 25%). Translation? More heifers from your best milkers. Smart, right?
  • Beef bulls for the B-team: The rest get Wagyu or Angus dates—cha-ching – $300–$1,000 more per calf than plain-Jane Holsteins.
  • Retention roulette: Nationwide, we keep only 28% of heifers compared to 52% a decade ago. That’s like betting half your poker chips every hand.

But hold up – where’s the trapdoor here? “What happens when I need replacements and my heifer pipeline’s bone dry?” Exactly.

“So… Do I Starve Now or Later?” – Balancing Acts

Let’s get tactical. You’re not stuck choosing between bankruptcy and herd collapse. Take Ohio’s HeiferTech – for $75 a pop, they’ll genomic test your heifers with 92% accuracy. Translation? You’ll know by week two if that calf’s future is the milk tank or the feedlot.

Or peek at Kansas’ playbook: Feedlots are bulking up heifers at 2.5 lbs/day for just $2.75 daily. That’s cheaper than my morning latte habit. “But what if I can’t afford contracts?” I hear ya. That’s where…

The “Don’t Be a Statistic” Checklist

  1. Genomics or bust: Test early and cull hard. That $75 test could save you $3,800 in springer costs later.
  2. Tier your herd: Sexed semen for your MVPs, beef bulls for the benchwarmers.
  3. Watch your rearview: If retention drops below 30%, you’re flirting with a cliff edge.

Bottom line? This beef-dairy tango can pay – but trip over your feet, and you’ll faceplant into a heifer shortage. Next time we chat, I’ll show you how to dodge HPAI’s sucker punches.

HPAI’s Fertility Sucker Punch – What They’re Not Telling You

Alright, let’s get honest about HPAI. Did you think bird flu was just a chicken problem? Think again. This bugger’s been moonlighting as a heifer wrecking ball—and folks, the damage ain’t pretty. Grab your gloves; we’re diving into the barnyard gut punch nobody saw coming.

“Wait, My Heifers Too?!” – How HPAI Hijacked Herd Math

Yeah, we all saw the headlines—“Bird Flu Jumps to Cattle!”—but here’s what the clickbait won’t tell you: HPAI didn’t just knock cows sideways. It sucker-punched your future milkers right in the ovaries. Let me spell it out:

Texas A&M tracked heifers that survived last year’s outbreak. The kicker? Even the “recovered” ones churned out 18% less milk in their first lactation. Eighteen percent! That’s like buying a new tractor and finding out it plows 18% slower.

But wait, scratch that—it’s worse. Dr. Emily Torres, the sharp mind behind the study, dropped this bomb: “9% of exposed heifers have ovarian scarring. They’re walking infertility time bombs.”

Regional Rundown – Who Got Hit Worst?

HPAI didn’t play fair. Check how your area fared (and grab a stiff drink if you’re in California):

  • California: Took a 15% conception rate nosedive. Heifers hit puberty 22 days later? That’s three extra weeks of feed bills, folks.
  • Midwest: “Only” 8% fewer pregnancies. But hey, those heifers still showed up 14 days late to the breeding party.
  • Southwest: Split the difference with 12% fewer conceptions and 18-day delays. Oh, and 19% more cows got the boot.

Source: USDA’s February gut-punch report

“But my herd tested clean!” I hear you yell. Here’s the kicker: Even exposed heifers who fought off the virus are limping into lactation. Think of it like COVID long-haulers… but for cows.

The Silent Budget Killer – Milk Loss You Can’t Afford

Let’s talk cash. That 18% milk drop? On a 100-cow herd averaging 24,000 lbs/cow, that’s 432,000 lbs of milk gone poof. At $23/cwt? $99,360 evaporated. Yikes.

“How do I even test for this?” Easy. Torres’ team says to run PCR tests on replacement candidates and look for viral residues in blood or milk. It costs about $12/test, but that’s cheaper than raising a dud heifer for two years.

Your HPAI Game Plan – No BS

  1. Test, don’t guess: Screen every replacement for viral leftovers. No exceptions.
  2. Cull hard: Ovarian scarring? Send her to the burger line. Harsh? Maybe. Smart? Absolutely.
  3. Pad your numbers: If HPAI clipped your conception rates, bump your breeding targets by 10-15%.

Bottom line? HPAI didn’t just cost you sick days—it mortgaged your herd’s future. Next time we chat, I’ll show you how Midwest dairies are fighting back with UV barns and immune boosters. For now? Test those heifers. Your 2026 self will thank you.

Regional Roulette – Where’s Your Dairy’s Sweet Spot?

Let’s play a game. Grab a map, close your eyes, and point. Where you land could mean the difference between bankruptcy and boom times. Wild, right? From California’s H2-Oh-No crisis to Texas’ cowboy capitalism, America’s dairy regions are playing by wildly different rulebooks. Buckle up—we’re taking a road trip.

California: Where Water Costs More Than Heifers (No Joke)

Scene: Central Valley, 2025. Dust swirls around a “For Sale” sign on a dried-up alfalfa field. California dairies aren’t just battling HPAI—they’re fighting $1,200/acre-foot water bills (up 30% since ‘23). Result?

  • Milk production: Down 6.8% last year
  • Cows culled: 62,000 (thanks, bird flu)
  • Desperation move: Hauling in Idaho heifers at $3,500/head

Wait—Idaho?? Yep. MilkyWay Farms near Fresno swapped 200 homegrown heifers for 150 Idaho imports. “Cheaper than drilling another well,” the manager shrugged. But here’s the kicker: Those Idaho girls aren’t bred for 110° heat. “We’re running a bovine sauna experiment,” he admits.

“Why stick around?” Good question. Tax breaks? Nostalgia? Stockton cheese plant loyalty? Your guess beats mine.

Texas: Go Big or Go Home (But Maybe Go Home?)

Meanwhile, Texas dairies are expanding like they’ve got a death wish—or +7.5% herd growth in 2024, depending on who you ask. Their secret?

  1. Jersey crosses: 40% of new calves because Holsteins melt like ice cream in August.
  2. Mexico exports: 72% of beef-cross calves head south… for now
  3. Living dangerously: Ignoring Mexico’s 25% tariff threat on $480M of beef

Hold up—tariffs? Oh yeah. Texas dairies could bleed $120M overnight if Mexico pulls that trigger. “We’re bettin’ on AMLO getting voted out,” drawls Amarillo’s biggest producer. Famous last words? Maybe. But hey, everything’s bigger in Texas—including the brass ones.

Midwest: Geriatric Cows & Co-op Hustles

Now, let’s talk about the Midwest’s 3.2 lactation average. Translation? Your grandma’s favorite milk cow is still pumping out butterfat. But here’s the rub: Older cows mean slower rebounds. Enter DairyHeard MN—a co-op sharing 500 springers across 12 farms like a bovine timeshare.

How does that work? Simple:

  • Farm A needs 50 heifers now for expansion
  • Farm B has 60 extras after culling
  • Co-op brokers the swap for $35/day per head

“It’s like Tinder for heifers,” quips a Wisconsin participant. Swipe right on that productivity!

Bottom Line? Your zip code dictates your dairy destiny these days. California’s playing survivalist, Texas is gambling on geopolitics, and the Midwest’s out here inventing cow collectives. Wherever you are, one truth holds: Adapt or get milked dry.

The Genetic Elephant in the Parlor – Are We Breeding Ourselves Into a Corner?

Let’s get uncomfortable for a minute. Sure, beef-cross calves are fattening wallets now—but what happens when your real moneymakers (the ones making milk) start backsliding genetically? Spoiler: It ain’t pretty. Grab a seat. We’re diving into dairy’s dirty little secret.

“Wait, My Cows Are Getting Dumber?!” – The Milk EPD Crash

Here’s the kicker: While we’ve been playing matchmaker between Holsteins and Angus, milk genetics have snoozed. Pre-2020, we boosted milk EPDs by 87 lbs/year. Now? A pathetic 43 lbs/year. That’s like swapping your GPS for a compass. Purdue economists crunched the numbers: Every 10% drop in replacements slashes U.S. milk output by 2.3B lbs in five years.

“But I’m still hitting production targets!” Yeah, for now. Projections show 2030 yields tanking to 26,900 lbs/cow—4% below where we should be. That’s $920 lost annually per 100 cows at today’s prices. Ouch.

Your Genetic Survival Kit—No Lab Coat Required

  1. Audit your EPDs: Sound the alarms if your herd’s milk gains lag behind +50 lbs/year.
  2. Diversify breeding: Allocate at least 30% of cows to dairy-only matings. Yes, even that B-tier cow.
  3. Join a gene bank: Your breed association’s freezer might save your bacon (er, milk) in 2030.

Bottom line? We’re at a crossroads—chase quick beef bucks or invest in the udders that built this industry—your call. But remember: once. Those milk genes fade, and they’re hell to resurrect.

Policy Wars & Trade Tinderboxes—Your Survival Cheat Sheet

Let’s cut through the red tape, folks. While you’re busy calving heifers and dodging HPAI, Uncle Sam and our neighbors are playing chess with your livelihood. Want to know how to avoid getting checked? Let’s decode the madness.

Uncle Sam’s Safety Net (With Strings Attached)

Meet the USDA Heifer Insurance Pilot—the closest thing to a government hug you’ll ever get. Here’s the skinny:

  • Covers 60% of rearing costs if springers tank below $2,800/head (aka ”the oh-crap threshold”)
  • Catch? You heifers— keep ≥30% heifers—no beef bonanzas allowed
  • 2025 signups: 8,100 farms (12% of you) rolled the dice

“Why should I care?” Imagine feed prices spike, springers crash to $2,500, and Uncle Sam cuts you a check for $1,680/heifer (60% of $2,800). That’s the difference between folding and fighting another day.

But wait—“What if I’m at 29% retention?” Tough luck, partner. Rules are rules. It’s time to audit those heifer counts like your subsidy depends on them… because it does.

Mexico & Canada: Frenemies With Benefits

Now let’s cross the border—where $1.5B in dairy-beef trade hangs by a thread:

CountryThreatFinancial HitYour Risk
Mexico25% tariff on U.S. dairy-beef$480M in exportsTexas/West screwed
CanadaHemoglobin tests on crosses40% carcass rejectsUpper Midwest woes

Dairy lobbyist Mitch Davis (yes, that guy in the fancy boots) drops truth bombs:

“We’re begging for a ‘dual-use’ loophole. No deal? Say goodbye to 10¢/lb on your culls.”

Translation: If Canada’s new test sticks, your beef-cross calves could get turned back at the border like expired passports.

The “Don’t Get Played” Checklist

  1. Run your retention numbers. If you’re at 28%, work to reach 30% before the USDA deadline.
  2. Diversify exports – Got contacts in Vietnam? Now’s the time to slide into their DMs.
  3. Lobby Smarter – Your state dairy group’s Zoom call? Log in.

Bottom line? Policy ain’t just for suits in D.C. anymore. Whether it’s hedging bets with USDA insurance or dodging tariff shrapnel, your moves this season will echo for years.

From Crisis to Comeback – How One Dairy Turned Desperation Into Genius

Ever feel like your heifer math just isn’t adding up? Take a page from Klecker Dairy in Wisconsin. Last year, they needed 120 springers… and came up 60 short. Instead of panicking, they threw four Hail Mary passes that’d make Aaron Rodgers proud. Let’s break down their playbook.

“We Were 50% Screwed” – The Klecker Wake-Up Call.

Picture this: You’ve got barns ready, feed lined up, and… half the heifers you need. “Felt like showing up to harvest with half a combine,” admits Sarah Klecker. But here’s how they clawed back:

The Klecker Blueprint – Four Moves That Saved Their Bacon

  1. Sexed Semen Smackdown
    1. Target: Top 30% cows
    1. Result: 90% heifer calves (vs. 45% with conventional semen)
    1. “Why waste beef bulls on your MVPs?” Sarah says.
  2. Genomic Guillotine
    1. Spent: $75/heifer testing
    1. Saved: $3,200/heifer by culling low-EPD calves at 2 weeks
    1. Pro tip: “We nixed 30% of calves early. Ruthless? Yes. Profitable? Hell, yes.”
  3. Beef-Bottom 50%
    1. Strategy: Angus bulls on lower-tier cows
    1. Profit: $82,000 (enough to buy 24 springers outright)
  4. Heifer Time-Sharing
    1. Deal: Leased 60 springers at $35/day through DairyCoop WI
    1. “Like Uber for heifers—why own when you can rent?”

The Scoreboard – Did It Work?

MetricBeforeAfter
Herd Renewal Rate50%95%
Cost/Springer$3,800$2,964
Stress-Induced Bald Spots30

Source: Klecker’s 2024 Financials (and Sarah’s hairdresser)

“But what about long-term costs?” Smart question. Those leased heifers? They went back post-calving. But Klecker’s now raising 40 extra homegrown replacements as insurance.

Your Turn – Steal These Moves

  1. Triage your herd: Sexed semen on elites, beef bulls on the rest.
  2. Test early, cull hard: Genomics pay for themselves in 3 calves.
  3. Share the pain: Co-ops aren’t just for hippies anymore.

Bottom line? Klecker didn’t reinvent the wheel—they just spun it more brilliantly. Your move, coach.

Milk Math Meltdown – Can You Even Break Even Anymore?

Let’s play a game. Grab your calculator, your last milk check, and a stiff drink. We’re crunching numbers that’ll make you cheer or chuck your coffee through the barn window. Spoiler: $23.05/cwt milk ain’t what it used to be.

The ”Are You Kidding Me?” Price-Cost Tug-of-War

Here’s the cold, hard truth for 2025:

Metric2025 ForecastChange vs 2024What It Means For Your 100-Cow Herd
All-milk price$23.05/cwt+$0.50”Cool, an extra $5,200/year… right?”
Corn$4.85/bushel+$0.74”There goes $11,100 more in feed”
Diesel$4.10/gallon+$0.90”Add $6,300 in fuel bills”
Avg heifer cost$3,200+$440”Replacing 20 cows? That’s $8,800 extra”

Source: USDA & AAA – because even tractors aren’t immune to inflation

Wait, let’s do REAL math:
$23.05 milk sounds sweet until you subtract $4.85 corn, $4.10 diesel, and heifer costs, eating 14% of your revenue. Suddenly, that +50¢ feels like Monopoly money.

Jed’s Jaw-Dropper: “85% Pregnancy Rates or Bust”

Wisconsin’s Jed Collins drops the mic:

“At $23 milk, I need 85% pregnancies just to break even. We’re stuck at 78%. Something’s gotta give.”

Let that sink in.

  • 78% pregnancies = 78 replacements
  • 85% needed = 7 more heifers you DON’T HAVE
  • Cost to buy seven springers: $22,400 (at $3,200/head)

“But Jed, why not just get better at breeding?” Tell that to the HPAI-infected heifers and $4 diesel.

Your ”What Now?” Cheat Sheet

  1. Run YOUR break-even:
    (Milk price x cwt) – (Feed + Fuel + Labor) = Prayers Required
  2. Lock input prices: Contract next year’s corn at $4.85 before it hits $5.
  3. Hoard heifers: If you’ve got ‘em, keep ‘em. Your neighbor will pay triple in 6 months.

Bottom line? The math’s rigged, but you’re not out yet. Next time we talk, I’ll show you how to squeeze 8% more pregnancies from the same old cows. For now? Hug your accountant.

The Road Ahead – Your Game Plan to Dodge Disaster

So you’ve survived the HPAI outbreaks, navigated beef-cross mania, and kept the milk checks coming. Now what? Let’s map out your next moves—because sitting still ain’t an option.

“What Do I Do TODAY?” – Immediate Fire Drills

  1. EPD Audits: Cull Like a Chef
    Grab your genomic reports. If you’re not axing the bottom 25% of heifers, you’re wasting $3,200/head on future culls. “But they’re already born!” Yeah, and? Sell ’em as bottle calves now or lose $10k later. Ruthless beats bankrupt.
  2. Lock In Springer Contracts – Like, NOW
    June’s coming, and with it, $4,000+/head panic prices. Today’s “ouch” price is tomorrow’s bargain. Pro tip: Midwest auctions are already seeing 18% pre-summer spikes.
  3. USDA Insurance: Your March 31 Alarm Clock
    That 60% cost coverage if springers crash? It’s free money—if you enroll in time. “But paperwork sucks!” So does losing $1,680/heifer—your call.

“What About 2026?” – Long-Game Hail Marys

  1. CRISPR Embryos: $2,500/Dose of Future-Proof
    UC Davis is editing mastitis resistance into embryos right now. “Too sci-fi?” Tell that to the dairies already freezing 2025’s genetics. At $2,500 a pop, it’s cheaper than raising four dud heifers.
  2. Lobby Like Your Herd Depends on It (It Does)
    California’s begging for HPAI disaster relief—$120M in federal aid hangs in limbo. Your state’s turn next. Not a phone person? Fine. Don’t bitch when Canada slaps tariffs on your culls.
  3. Dairy-Only Breeding: The 15% Rule
    If beef-cross bred 85% of your herd last year, flip 15% back to dairy bulls. “But that’s leaving money on the table!” Yeah—to build a life raft.

Your “No-BS” Checklist

TimelineActionCost/Benefit
This WeekCull low-EPD heifersSave $3k+/head in future losses
Next 30 DaysSign USDA insuranceHedge against springer market crashes
By JuneSecure fall springer contractsAvoid $800+/head premiums
2026Buy 5 CRISPR embryosSlash mastitis costs by 40% long-term

Bottom line? The road ahead’s got potholes, but you’ve got the map. Now floor it.

Conclusion: The Heifer Crossroads – Choose Your Legacy

Let’s cut to the chase: America’s dairy industry isn’t just at a crossroads—it’s balancing on a razor’s edge. 3.914 million heifers. $4,000 springers. 18% milk loss from HPAI. The numbers scream one truth: What got us here won’t get us there.

You’ve got two paths:

PATH A: Double down on beef-cross mania, cash those $1,200 checks, and pray your grandkids inherit a herd of beefalo curiosities.
PATH B: Play the long game—reserve 25% of your cows for dairy’s future, lobby like your subsidies depend on it (they do), and bet big on CRISPR, co-ops, and cold-hard genomic culling.

This isn’t just about surviving 2025. It’s about whether there’s a dairy industry left in 2035.

Your Move, Dairy Mavericks:

  • This week: Audit heifers. Cull the bottom 25%. Lock in springer contracts before summer’s price tsunami.
  • This month: Enroll in USDA insurance. Call your congressman. Beg, borrow, or CRISPR your way to better genetics.
  • This year: Shift 15% of your breeding back to dairy. Yes, it’ll hurt. Do it anyway.

The clock’s ticking. The milk tank’s draining. And the world’s watching—will you fade into beef history or fight for dairy’s future?

Look, I’m not selling sunshine. It’s gonna suck. Feed costs will bite. Tariffs will sting. But somewhere between today’s chaos and tomorrow’s empty parlors, there’s a chance to rewrite the rules.

So grab your breeding charts, genomic reports, and lobbyist’s number. The next generation of dairy doesn’t need heroes—it needs fighters who’ll plant trees knowing they’ll never taste the fruit.

Your legacy starts now. Act like it.

Key Takeaways

  • Heifer inventory at 47-year low: 3.914 million head, with only 2.5 million expected to calve in 2025.
  • Springer prices soaring past $4,000/head due to scarcity.
  • Beef crossbreeding boom: 70% of dairy reproduction, offering $1,000+ premiums per calf.
  • Regional challenges: California faces water crises, Texas gambles on expansion, Midwest deals with aging herds.
  • HPAI outbreak impacts: 18% lower first-lactation yields in recovered heifers.
  • Genetic risks: Milk EPDs stagnating, projected 4% yield loss by 2030.
  • USDA Heifer Insurance Pilot offers 60% cost coverage if springer prices drop below $2,800.
  • Tariff threats: 25% duty from Mexico on U.S. dairy-beef, affecting $1.5B trade.
  • Innovative solutions: Sexed semen, genomic testing, CRISPR trials, collaborative heifer pools.
  • Critical decisions in 2025 will shape the industry’s future for decades.

Summary

The U.S. dairy industry faces an unprecedented crisis as heifer inventories plummet to a 47-year low of 3.914 million head, with only 2.5 million expected to calve in 2025. This shortage, driven by aggressive beef crossbreeding, disease pressures, and economic constraints, has sent springer prices soaring past $4,000. Farmers grapple with conflicting priorities: cashing in on high-value beef-cross calves or maintaining their dairy genetic base. The article explores regional disparities, from California’s water woes to Texas’ expansion gamble, and outlines survival strategies. These include precision genomics, USDA insurance programs, and emerging technologies like CRISPR. With milk production stagnating and genetic progress at risk, the industry stands at a crossroads, balancing short-term profits against long-term sustainability. The decisions made in 2025 will shape dairy’s landscape for decades to come.

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Ketosis: The Silent Threat to Dairy Herd Success

Tuesday, February 11th, 2025

Ketosis silently stalks dairy herds, affecting up to 40% of fresh cows and costing farmers up to $289 per case. But with modern monitoring tools and proven management strategies, this profit-draining metabolic disorder doesn’t have to threaten your herd’s health and productivity. Learn how to protect your bottom line through early detection and smart prevention.

Up to 40% of dairy cows postpartum are affected by ketosis, which costs farmers between $145 and $289 per case. This insidious metabolic disorder, particularly prevalent in early lactation, can significantly impact herd health, milk production, and reproductive success. Understanding this condition and implementing effective management strategies are crucial for modern dairy operations. 

The Ketosis Conundrum 

When fresh cows can’t eat enough to meet their energy needs for milk production, they develop ketosis. This happens most often in the first few weeks after calving when cows produce lots of milk but can’t consume enough feed. Here’s what happens: 

  1. The cow starts breaking down her body fat for energy because she’s not getting enough from her feed.
  2. Her liver gets overwhelmed processing all this fat and produces ketones.
  3. These ketones build up in her blood, show up in her milk, and spill into her urine.

This metabolic problem is more common than many farmers realize – up to 40% of fresh cows may have “subclinical” ketosis, where they look delicate but are sick. The tricky part is that you often can’t tell just by looking at the cow that she has ketosis until it becomes severe enough to make her visibly ill. By then, you’re already losing money from reduced milk production and potential health complications. 

Think of it like a car running on fumes – eventually, it will start sputtering and break down if it doesn’t get proper fuel. Similarly, fresh cows need adequate energy to maintain good health and produce peak milk. 

Impact on Herd Health and Production 

When ketosis hits your herd, it hits your bottom line in multiple ways: 

Production Losses 

  • Your cows will give 2.2-5.3 pounds less milk per day
  • Fresh cows may never reach their full production potential
  • Milk components (fat and protein) often drop

Health Problems 

  • Cows are more likely to get a twisted stomach (DA)
  • Higher risk of uterus infections after calving
  • Fresh cows struggle to clean correctly (retained placenta)
  • More likely to have to cull cows early in lactation

Breeding Troubles 

  • Cows take longer to come into heat
  • Lower conception rates
  • More days open means longer calving intervals

Financial Impact 

Herd SizeAnnual LossesContributing Factors
100 cows$4,425-$6,000Milk losses, feed costs, diseases
Multiparous cows50% higher costsCompared to first-lactation cows
Per case cost$129-$289Direct and indirect losses

Source: Penn State Extension, 2024

Each case of ketosis (even the mild cases you can’t see) costs between $145 and $289. A 100-cow herd with typical ketosis rates could mean $5,800-$11,560 in losses annually. 

Think of ketosis like a domino effect – one problem leads to another, and before you know it, you’re dealing with multiple issues in your fresh cows. That’s why catching and treating it early is essential for protecting your cows and wallet. 

Days in Milk (DIM)Cure Rate (%)Notes
1-975.56%Best treatment response
10-1567.45%Moderate response
16-2158.05%Reduced effectiveness
Source: Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2022

Detection and Diagnosis 

Blood testing using a hand-held meter provides quick, accurate ketosis detection
Blood testing using a hand-held meter provides quick, accurate ketosis detection
BHB Level (mmol/L)ClassificationAction Required
< 1.2NormalRoutine Monitoring
1.2 – 2.9Subclinical KetosisTreatment Recommended
≥ 3.0Clinical KetosisImmediate Treatment Required
Source: Journal of Dairy Science, 2024

Finding ketosis early can save you money and keep your cows healthy. Here are the main ways to check for ketosis in your herd: 

Blood Testing 

Use a hand-held meter (like people with diabetes use) to test a drop of blood from your fresh cows. If the reading is 1.2 or higher, your cow has subclinical ketosis – even if she looks fine. 

Milk Testing 

Check milk samples during routine testing. Many DHI services now include ketone testing, making it easy to monitor your whole herd at once. 

Urine Testing 

Use ketone strips to test urine. While not as accurate as blood testing, it’s a quick way to check suspicious cows. 

Activity Monitoring 

Modern cow monitoring systems can alert you to potential ketosis by tracking: 

  • How much time do cows spend chewing their cud
  • Daily activity levels
  • Changes in eating patterns

Remember: The first two weeks after calving are when cows are most likely to develop ketosis, so you should check them closely. 

Rumination as an Indicator 

Automated rumination monitoring systems help detect potential health issues up to 5 days before clinical signs appear
Automated rumination monitoring systems help detect potential health issues up to 5 days before clinical signs appear

Keeping an eye on how much time your cows spend chewing their cud can help you catch ketosis before it becomes a serious problem. Here’s what to look for:

Warning Signs in Cud Chewing 

  • Sick cows spend about 17% less time chewing their cud than healthy herd mates.
  • You can spot changes in cud-chewing patterns up to 5 days before a cow shows apparent signs of ketosis.
  • Start watching cud-chewing patterns before calving and during the fresh period to identify which cows might be at risk.

Think of rumination monitoring as an early warning system. When a cow starts spending less time chewing her cud, it’s often the first sign that something’s wrong, giving you a chance to step in before ketosis takes hold. If you’re using rumination monitoring collars or other technology, pay special attention to any alerts about decreased rumination time, especially in your fresh cows. Even without technology, observing your cows’ cud-chewing behavior during daily checks can help you spot potential problems early. 

Management Strategies 

Here’s what you can do to keep ketosis under control in your herd: 

  • Watch your fresh cows closely — Keep an eye on your transition cows, especially in that crucial first week after calving. Look for signs like reduced appetite, lower milk production, or cows that don’t seem right.
  • Use technology to your advantage — If you have activity monitors or rumination collars, use them. They can tip you off to potential ketosis cases before you see obvious signs. Watch for drops in rumination time or changes in everyday activity patterns. 
  • Feed management is key — Ensure your fresh cows get enough energy in their diet.

Work with your nutritionist to: 

  • Design a proper transition cow diet
  • Ensure cows are eating enough after calving
  • Adjust rations based on body condition

Stay ahead of the game.

For cows you know might be at risk (over-conditioned cows, older cows, or those with previous ketosis), consider preventive treatments before problems start.

Act Fast When You See Problems


If you spot ketosis, treat it right away. Propylene glycol is often your best bet – 300ml once daily for 3-5 days usually does the trick. The sooner you treat, the better your results will be.
Remember: Every day you wait to treat ketosis is costing you money in lost milk production and potential complications.

Treatment Options for Ketosis-Affected Cows 

When you spot ketosis in your cows, quick action is crucial to prevent milk loss and other health problems. Here are your best treatment options: 

Propylene Glycol (PG) – Your First Line of Defense 

  • Drench 300 ml (10 oz) once daily for 3-5 days
  • Works by helping your cow make more glucose
  • Treated cows are 50% more likely to recover and half as likely to get severe ketosis

IV Dextrose – For Severe Cases 

  • Use when cows show nervous symptoms or won’t eat
  • Your vet will give 500 ml of 50% dextrose in the vein
  • Follow up with PG drenches, as the effects don’t last long

Vitamin B12 Shots 

  • Give 1.25-5 mg per cow in the muscle daily for 3-5 days
  • Works well alongside PG
  • Best for cows with both low blood sugar and high ketones

Cutting Back on Milking 

  • Try milking once instead of twice daily for up to two weeks
  • Helps the cow’s energy balance but will temporarily drop milk production
  • Discuss this option with your veterinarian first

Other Options 

  • Glycerol or sodium propionate drenches (not as good as PG)
  • Force feeding with alfalfa cubes and pellets for valuable cows
  • IV glucose drips for severe cases (vet-administered)

Remember: The sooner you treat ketosis, the better your chances of quickly getting your cow back to peak production. Always work with your vet to decide the best treatment plan for your herd. 

Real Success Stories: Managing Ketosis on the Farm 

Cutting Back on Milking Helps Fresh Cows 

  The University of Guelph tried something different with its ketotic fresh cows:  

  • They switched from milking twice daily to once a day for two weeks.  
  • Kept giving the usual propylene glycol drench.  
  • Cows improved faster, even though they gave less milk during treatment. 
  • They’re now testing if shorter treatment times work just as well.   

Big Dairy Saves Money by Catching Ketosis Early 

A 1,000-cow dairy farm made these changes:  

  • Started with 300 fresh cows getting ketosis (30%).  
  • Losing $87,000 every year.  
  • Put activity monitors on their cows to watch chewing patterns.  
  • Dropped ketosis cases by 50 cows (5%).  
  • Saved $14,500 in the first year.  
  • Key to success: watching how cows chew their cud 10 days before and after calving.   

What Happens When You Treat vs. Don’t Treat 

Research shows treating ketosis pays off:  

  • Untreated cows lose about 1 pound of milk for each slight ketone increase.  
  • Giving propylene glycol (10 oz daily) adds 1.5 pounds of milk daily.  
  • Severe ketosis can cost you 13 pounds of milk per day in early lactation.   

The Cost of Poor Fresh Cow Management 

One farm learned the hard way:  

  • Fresh cows weren’t transitioning well.  
  • Lost 10-20 pounds of peak milk.  
  • Cost $400-900 per cow.  

The Bottom Line

Ketosis doesn’t have to be the profit-draining challenge it once was. With modern monitoring tools, proven treatment protocols, and innovative management strategies, you can catch this metabolic disorder early and minimize its impact on your bottom line.

Remember these key takeaways: 

  • Monitor your fresh cows closely, especially in the first week after calving
  • Watch for changes in rumination patterns and drops in milk production
  • Test suspicious cows promptly using a blood ketone meter
  • Treat affected cows quickly with propylene glycol (300ml daily for 3-5 days)
  • Work with your nutritionist to fine-tune transition cow rations

The cost of ketosis – up to $289 per case – is too high to ignore. But by implementing a solid monitoring and treatment program, you can protect your herd’s health and your farm’s profitability. Whether you’re managing 50 cows or 5,000, the principles remain the same: early detection, prompt treatment, and prevention through proper transition cow management. 

What is your next step? Take a hard look at your fresh cow protocols. Are you catching ketosis cases early enough? Are your treatments working? Are your transition cows getting the nutrition they need? The answers to these questions could be the difference between a struggling fresh pen and a profitable start to lactation. 

Key Takeaways: 

  • Early detection is crucial: Up to 40% of fresh cows may have subclinical ketosis without showing obvious signs, costing $145-289 per case. Monitor cows closely in the first 9 days after calving when treatment is most effective.
  • Watch rumination patterns: Cows with ketosis spend about 17% less time chewing their cud compared to healthy cows. Changes in rumination can be spotted up to 5 days before other symptoms appear.
  • Treatment timing matters: Propylene glycol treatment (300-400ml daily for 3-5 days) is most effective when started in the first week after calving, with cure rates dropping from 75% in the first 9 days to 54% after 21 days.
  • Monitor milk components: High fat percentage combined with low protein percentage in milk can be an early warning sign of ketosis. Also watch for elevated somatic cell counts, which tend to be higher in ketotic cows.
  • Prevention through transition management: Focus on proper nutrition and minimizing stress during the transition period. Work with your nutritionist to ensure adequate energy intake and gradually introduce feed changes.
  • Economic impact is significant: For a 100-cow herd with typical ketosis rates, losses can range from $5,800-$11,560 annually through reduced milk production, poor reproduction, and increased health problems.

Summary:

Dairy farmers deal with the tricky issue of ketosis, a problem that affects nearly 40% of cows after they give birth. This condition reduces milk production, hurts herd health, and costs farmers between $145-$289 per case. Early detection is crucial to stop its negative impact. Methods like blood BHB testing and new monitoring tools help catch it early. Quick treatments, such as giving propylene glycol and vitamin B12, are important for keeping cows healthy and farms profitable. By staying aware and managing proactively, farmers can protect against ketosis’s damaging effects.

Learn more:

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New Research Exposes 33 Stealth Defects Sabotaging Every Herd

Monday, February 3rd, 2025

Your favorite cow might be hiding a deadly secret. A groundbreaking study analyzing 39.4 million dairy cattle exposed 33 genetic defects silently destroying herds worldwide. One in 37 cows carries these stealth killers, costing farmers billions. Will you act now or watch your herd’s future crumble? The choice – and the consequences – are yours.

Summary:

The latest research unveils 33 covert genetic defects silently eroding dairy herds’ health and productivity globally. This revelation highlights the significant impact of genetically carried issues, with an alarming 2.7% defect carrier rate among cattle, costing billions. Farmers must pivot from relying solely on traditional breeding methods to incorporating genomic testing to avert these costly genetic pitfalls. Immediate action is urged, as testing could save significant financial losses and secure the herd’s future, emphasizing the importance of staying informed and adaptive in genetic management strategies.

Key Takeaways:

  • A significant 33 hidden genetic defects impact dairy herds globally, with a 2.7% carrier rate.
  • The financial impact is severe, with over $1,200 lost annually for every 100 cows due to these defects.
  • Holsteins, Montbéliardes, and Normandes are particularly affected by specific genetic mutations.
  • Combining traditional breeding with advanced genomic screening is essential for future herd health.
  • Act immediately by testing breeding stock to prevent the spread of these genetic defects.
  • Genomic screening costs around $15 per cow, a small price compared to potential losses.
  • Engage in programs like CDCB’s carrier tracking for greater genetic security.
  • Farmers who adapt and take preventive measures will ensure their herd’s future success.
genetic defects in dairy cattle, genomic testing for cattle, dairy herd management, financial losses in dairy farming, breeding strategies for cattle

Hey, guess what? That favorite cow in your barn – the one you’re betting your future on…She’s probably carrying a genetic time bomb. A bombshell study, “Massive Detection of Cryptic Recessive Genetic Defects in Dairy Cattle Mining Millions of Life Histories,” just blew the lid off the dairy industry’s dirtiest secret: 33 hidden genetic defects are silently destroying herds worldwide. After analyzing a mind-boggling 39.4 million animals, researchers discovered these stealth killers are lurking in one out of every 37 cows and feeling safe. Think again. 

These aren’t your grandfather’s genetic defects. We’re talking about sophisticated mutations that mask themselves as “bad luck” while systematically demolishing your herd’s future. From embryonic death to stillbirths, these genetic assassins are costing dairy farmers billions. The most frightening aspect? Traditional breeding programs cannot rescue you. That prestigious pedigree you’re so proud of might be the very thing that’s about to bring your operation to its knees. 

The real question is: will you take action now or face regret later? 

The Ugly Truth 

Thought you knew your herd? Think again. One in every 37 cows in your barn right now carries a genetic defect that’s silently draining your operation of resources. We’re talking about a 2.7% carrier rate costing the industry billions. 

“These aren’t just random bad luck cases anymore,” warns Dr. Florian Besnard, lead researcher. “These are systematic genetic failures masquerading as routine losses.”

The Money Pit 

That $1,200 per 100 cows is just the beginning. Here’s what these genetic defects are costing you: 

Direct Losses: 

  • Each pregnancy loss costs you $2,333 in extended calving intervals and culling costs.
  • Genetic defects affect 1.2% of pregnancies, hitting your operation where it hurts most.
  • In a 100-cow herd, you may have 2 to 3 carriers of these defects.

Hidden Costs: 

  • Embryonic deaths caused by 44 different genetic defects, for example.
  • 12 different defects causing stillbirths.
  • Loss of valuable genetics when high-producing cows must be culled due to fertility issues.

Long-Term Impact: 

  • These problems worsen with each generation.
  • Carrier cows spread defects through your herd for years.
  • Loss of genetic progress when top producers, crucial for advancement, must be culled early.

Think about it: In a 100-cow operation, these genetic risks could lead to significant financial losses from reduced pregnancies, decreased milk production, and required culling. And unlike a lousy feed batch or a mastitis outbreak, genetic defects don’t go away – they multiply through your herd with each generation.

Breed-Specific Bombshells 

HaplotypeNumber of CarriersCarrier Rate (%)GeneImpact
hh54,2495.40tfb1mEmbryonic mortality
hh32,5303.21smc2Early embryonic loss
hh62,1322.70sde2Early embryonic death
hh12,0142.55apaf1Embryonic death
cdh1,7922.27apobCholesterol deficiency
hh47210.91gartEmbryonic death
hh72050.26–Early embryonic loss
blad1280.16itgb2Immune deficiency

Holstein Herds 

  • ITGB7 mutations slash growth rates by 27% in affected heifers
    • Causes complete absence of critical immune cells in the gut
    • 2.1% carrier rate in Swiss Holstein populations
    • Symptoms include chronic diarrhea, dehydration, and severe weight loss
    • First appears around 107 days of age in affected calves

Montbéliarde Impact

  • RFC5 defects cause devastating issues such as:
    • Stunted growth from birth
    • Chronic diarrhea with no visible gut damage
    • Abnormally thin, wavy hair coat
    • Hair loss on body extremities
    • Death occurs between 6 months and 3 years of age

 Normande Challenges 

  • NOA1 gene mutations create severe problems:
    • 24.4% die during pregnancy
    • 50.7% die before reaching testing age
    • Of those that survive testing, most die before one year

 Affected calves show:

  • Severe metabolic disorders
  • Extensive cellular damage
  • Inflammation markers in blood work
  • Inability to maintain normal growth[38]

The Economic Gut Punch 

These defects aren’t just health issues – they’re profit killers. You’re not just losing the animal when a calf carries these mutations; you’re also losing valuable resources and potential profits. You’re burning money on: 

  • Feed costs with no return
  • Veterinary treatments trying to save affected animals
  • Lost genetic potential from your breeding program
  • Reduced herd productivity and efficiency

The scariest part? These defects have been hiding in the industry’s most influential bloodlines for generations. The ITGB7 mutation traces back to Elevation and Elton, two of the Holstein breed‘s most significant sires.

Fight Back or Fade Away 

Take this as your wake-up call: Traditional breeding alone can no longer safeguard your herd. But don’t discard your pedigrees just yet—the smart money is on merging old-school breeding wisdom with cutting-edge genomic warfare for optimal results. 

Your Action Plan: Test Now or Pay Later

  1. Test Your Best First:
    • Target the top 50% of your herd based on parent averages.
    • Prioritize embryo donors and high-value breeding stock.
    • Focus on animals you plan to flush or use in IVF programs.
  2. Cost-Effective Testing:
    • Genomic testing provides 61% reliability compared to just 35% with traditional parent averages.
    • Testing costs range from $35-45 per animal for fundamental screening.
    • Consider banking tissue samples if the budget is tight—but remember, every month of delay is a missed opportunity.
  3. Smart Selection Strategy:
    • Test all replacement heifers and select the best.
    • Cull the bottom 10-20% based on genomic results.
    • Use sexed semen on your top genomic animals to produce better replacements.

Remember: every untested heifer entering your milking string could carry these genetic time bombs. At current testing prices, can you afford not to know?

The Bottom Line 

The decision is yours to make. That favorite cow in your barn – the one you’re betting your future on? Now you know she could be carrying a genetic time bomb. Unlike past farmers caught off guard by genetic defects, you have the power to make a difference. 

To recap the risks at hand: 

  • 33 newly discovered defects lurking in one out of every 37 cows
  • Direct losses of $2,333 per affected pregnancy
  • Hidden costs that multiply through generations
  • Breed-specific threats that can devastate your herd’s future

The resources are available, and the science is validated. The critical choice is yours: Will you safeguard your herd’s future or regret hesitating? 

Don’t let another breeding season pass without action. Call your breed association today, schedule those genomic tests, and update your breeding strategy. Your herd’s future—and your farm’s legacy—depends on your decision. 

Remember that in dairy farming, today’s breeding choices shape tomorrow’s profits. Ensure your breeding decisions are impactful. 

Learn more:

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Montbéliarde vs Holstein: New Study Shows Promise for Dairy Farm Profits

Sunday, January 26th, 2025

A new study comparing Montbéliarde and Holstein cows reveals surprising insights that could reshape your herd management strategy. From milk production to feed efficiency and overall profitability, find out which breed might give your farm the edge it needs in today’s competitive market.

A new study comparing Montbéliarde and Holstein cows could significantly influence herd management decisions. It examines how these breeds cope during challenging times, providing valuable insights that may improve profits.  (Journal of Dairy Science: Production and metabolic responses of Montbéliarde and Holstein cows during the periparturient period and a sequential feed-restriction challenge)

Study Breakdown 

Researchers monitored 22 Montbéliarde and 18 Holstein cows from a month before calving until about five months after. They observed how the cows handled calving time and feed shortages, trying to determine which breed could keep the milk flowing when times were tough. 

What They Found 

BreedMilk Yield (kg/305 days)Fat (%)Protein (%)
Holstein11,2534.083.32
Montbéliarde × Holstein10,1834.353.65

Milk Production

  • Holsteins pumped out more milk overall.
  • Montbéliardes maintained better body condition compared to Holsteins.

Health Stuff 

  • Early in lactation, Holsteins burn through body fat faster, which could lead to more health problems.
  • Montbéliardes seemed to handle the stress better.

Feed Challenge 

  • Both breeds adapted when feed was cut short, dropping milk production but bouncing back when full feed returned.
  • Holsteins started strong but ran out of steam faster during repeated feed cuts.

Financial Implications 

This is where it gets interesting for your wallet: Let’s talk about Feed Costs: 

  • Montbéliarde × Holstein crossbreds make about 1.6 lbs of milk per pound of feed, while Holsteins make 1.5 lbs.
  • This means crossbreds produce milk for about $0.17/lb and Holsteins for $0.18/lb.

Milk Quality: 

  • Crossbreds typically produce milk with higher fat and protein content, resulting in improved cheese yield and increased milk revenue.

Vet Bills: 

  • Purebred Holsteins can rack up $23 to $75 in health costs in their first lactation.
  • Crossbreds tend to stay healthier and stick around longer, saving on replacement costs.

Bottom Line: 

  • Over a lactation, Montbéliarde × Holstein crossbreds might put an extra $75 in your pocket compared to pure Holsteins.

Where This Research Comes From 

These findings aren’t just from one farm. Studies have been done: 

  • Across the U.S. in big commercial dairies
  • In France, looking at different feeding systems
  • Even in the mountains of Ecuador

They’ve examined how these cows perform in various setups, from farms with 30 cows to operations with hundreds in different climates and with various feeding and milking routines. 

Implications for Your Farm 

  1. Breed Choice: Holsteins are still milk-making machines, but Montbéliardes might save you headaches with better health.
  2. Feed Smarts: Both breeds can handle feed fluctuations, which is good news if you want to reduce feed costs.
  3. Cow Health: Montbéliarde cows might have an edge in staying healthy, especially right after calving.
  4. Consistent Performers: Your top cows will likely stay at the top, regardless of breed.
  5. Older Cows: Third, lactation and up, cows give more milk but might be slower to breed back.

Potential Impact on the Dairy Industry 

The widespread adoption of crossbreeding by farmers could lead to… 

  1. We might see healthier cows overall, with lower vet bills across the industry.
  2. Milk might have more components, which could be great for cheese makers.
  3. Dairy farms might reduce their environmental impact with more efficient cows.
  4. We could see more variety in dairy genetics, which is good for the industry’s long-term health.

How to Start Crossbreeding (If You’re Interested) 

  1. Start small – maybe breed 10-20% of your herd to Montbéliarde bulls.
  2. Pick bulls that fix what your herd needs help with (like fertility or components).
  3. Use top-notch bulls – don’t skimp on genetics.
  4. Keep good records to see how the crossbreds compare to your purebreds.
  5. Be ready to tweak your feeding and management for the crossbreds.
  6. Make a plan for the long haul – decide how you’ll keep the crossbreeding going.
  7. Talk to other crossbreeding farmers to learn from their experience.

The Bottom Line

This study gives us a lot to chew on. While Holsteins have been the go-to for high production, these Montbéliarde crossbreds show they have what it takes to compete and might even put more money in your pocket. 

Given the challenges in milk production efficiency and cow health, this study provides valuable insights for strategically selecting and caring for our herds in the long run. 

Consider evaluating your herd and financial data to determine the feasibility of implementing crossbreeding strategies based on the study results. Could some crossbreeding boost your bottom line? Chat with your vet or nutritionist about how these findings might work on your farm. Your future herd – and your wallet – might thank you for it. 

Key Takeaways:

  • Montbéliarde crossbreds provide better feed efficiency and can lead to cost savings on feed.
  • Holsteins excel in total milk production but are more prone to health issues early in lactation.
  • Crossbreeds offer higher fat and protein content in milk, benefiting cheese production and increasing milk value.
  • Cow longevity and reduced vet bills could make crossbreeds a financially wise choice.
  • Global studies support the potential benefits of integrating Montbéliarde genetics into dairy operations.

Summary:

The study on Montbéliarde and Holstein cows gives useful info for dairy farmers. Holsteins are great at producing milk, but Montbéliardes stay healthier and keep their weight better during tough times. Crossbreeding these types can lead to milk with better fat and protein, lower vet bills, and more profit. This study, done in different areas, shows Montbéliarde × Holstein crossbreds might improve how herds are managed, cut costs, and be kinder to the environment. If farmers want to try crossbreeding, they should start slow, use good genetics, and be ready to adjust their management. The findings highlight how choosing the right breed is important as the dairy industry changes.

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Automated Milk Feeders and Genetic Selection: The Secret to Unstoppable Dairy Calves

Monday, December 16th, 2024

Explore how automated milk feeders and genetic selection enhance calf resilience. Ready to unlock your herd’s potential?

Dairy farming is a key part of agriculture, facing changes due to climate shifts and the need for more production. Resilience, or the ability to bounce back from problems, is crucial for growing dairy calves. Automated milk feeders (AMF) have become essential tools, making calf care easier and saving labor through precise farming techniques. By focusing on genetic traits that boost resilience, AMFs point to a future where technology and genetics help shape herds that can handle environmental challenges. A study,  Trait development and genetic parameters of resilience indicators based on variability in milk consumption recorded by automated milk feeders in North American Holstein calves, on 10,076 Holstein calves shows how using AMF data and genetic findings can improve resilience in young calves, helping create a more sustainable future in dairy farming.

The AMF Revolution: Breeding Healthier, Resilient Calves with Cutting-Edge Precision 

Automated milk feeders (AMFs) are changing how we take care of calves on dairy farms, making it easier and better. These machines use technology to monitor how much milk calves drink and adjust it as needed, which is a big step from old methods. 

AMFs have advanced sensors and software that track every calf’s milk intake. This helps farmers detect health problems before they get worse. 

One of the best things about AMFs is that they give each calf the right amount of milk. This setup is more like a natural nursing process than feeding by hand. With AMFs, calves can drink milk several times a day, which helps them grow steadily and develop their stomachs properly. 

AMFs help with calf health and save farmers time and effort. Since these machines handle much of the work, farmers can focus on other essential aspects of herd management. This time savings also means farmers can save money, especially those with many calves to care for. 

AMFs significantly improve calf welfare by supporting healthy growth and resilience, leading to a healthier herd overall. A study of over 10,000 Holstein calves showed that better resilience and welfare lead to better outcomes, making a strong case for farmers who use this technology.

Resilience Redefined: Crafting Resilient Calves for Unpredictable Conditions 

In dairy farming, resilience refers to how well an animal handles stress or health problems and returns to normal quickly. This is important for calves because they face different challenges on the farm, and resilience helps them grow healthy. 

A few key traits in resilience include amplitude, perturbation time, and recovery time. Amplitude measures how much a calf’s feeding changes when stressed. If a calf has a lower amplitude, it means it is less affected by stress, which indicates that it is more substantial. Perturbation time measures how long a calf stays in a stressful state. Shorter perturbation times mean the calf deals with stress better and faster. 

Recovery time is another vital trait that shows how quickly a calf can return to regular feeding after being disturbed. Calves that recover quickly are often better at dealing with illnesses or changes in their surroundings. Together, these traits help us understand how well a calf can handle challenges, which helps breed stronger, healthier livestock. 

Breeding for Resilience: Harnessing Genetic Insights for Future-Ready Dairy Herds

Genetic selection for toughness in dairy calves is a new trend in the industry. It could benefit animal health and farm success in the long term. This study examines genetic factors that influence these toughness traits and offers a plan for future breeding programs. 

In this context, toughness means how well a calf can keep growing and stay healthy despite challenges. The study discusses the heritability of different toughness traits like amplitude (AMP), time of reaction (PT), and recovery time (RT). Although these traits don’t pass down much from parent to calf, ranging from 0.01 to 0.05, they still have some genetic impact. This means that while environmental factors are essential, there’s a chance to make a difference through genetics. 

One interesting finding is the link between the size of a reaction and the speed at which a calf recovers. This suggests that some calves naturally bounce back from stress quickly. Such findings show the possibility of choosing traits that make calves more challenging without affecting important qualities like milk production. 

The study also points out new genetic signs, such as variance (DV) and log variance (LnDV), that could help measure calves’ toughness. Targeting these new signs in breeding programs could change how breeders tackle issues like bovine respiratory disease and changing weather. 

The findings of this study are essential for breeding. By focusing on traits that make calves more challenging, farmers could have substantial herds when facing problems and be productive in different environments. Such breeding strategies could lower disease treatment costs, improve herd health, and boost the sustainability of dairy operations over time. 

Resilience TraitMeanStandard DeviationHeritabilityRepeatability
Amplitude of Deviation (L)5.633.700.0470.077
Perturbation Time (days)2.921.820.0110.012
Recovery Time (days)3.232.260.0250.027
Maximum Velocity of Perturbation (L/d)1.430.980.0390.13
Average Velocity of Perturbation (L/d)0.980.670.0380.12
Area Between Curves28.9433.520.0390.042
Recovery Ratio0.960.0240.053
Deviation Variance (L²)3.324.680.0490.095
Deviation Log-Variance0.471.430.0270.056
Deviation Autocorrelation0.0050.390.0100.012

Embarking on the Resilience Frontier: Decoding Dairy Calves’ Robust Future

The study takes a bold step into understanding how calves handle stress, using detailed data and thoughtful analysis techniques. At the center of this project are Förster-Technik automated milk feeders (AMF). These advanced machines are great at recording how much milk each calf drinks. With information from 10,076 North American Holstein calves collected over several years, this study has plenty of data to uncover calf resilience and health patterns. 

A big part of this analysis is quantile regression. This fancy method helps predict patterns in how much milk calves drink, even when they are stressed or sick. It’s different from methods that look at averages because it can reveal more about the calves’ milk intake. 

Along with these analytics, genomic evaluation plays a key role. By examining the DNA of 9,273 calves, researchers can determine whether milk consumption and health traits are linked through genetics. This information can help breed stronger dairy cows in the future. 

Working with such a large data set is not just about collecting numbers—it’s hugely important. The data makes results reliable and accurately depicts Holstein’s calves. It also helps make better future predictions and ensures accurate genetic evaluations, giving a clear view of resilience traits.

Unleashing the Genetic Potential: How AMF Innovation Shapes Future Dairy Herds 

The study investigates how calves can be more resilient and shows how automated milk feeders (AMF) can significantly help. Key results show that genetics influences traits like amplitude (AMP), the time it takes for changes to happen (PT), and the time it takes to recover (RT), although this influence is modest. A strong genetic link between AMP and RT suggests that recovery time is more genetically controlled. 

These findings are helpful for dairy farmers. They can use AMF technology to monitor and optimize calves’ milk consumption, improving resilience and welfare. Breeding strategies can also focus on traits like recovery time, a sign of resilience. This aligns with growing evidence that supports the genetic links to health and productivity, helping create breeding programs for strong and adaptable dairy herds. 

The impacts are significant: Farmers can use these genetic insights to improve calf health and productivity. Focusing on resilience can increase yield and efficiency while boosting disease resistance and herd stability. As farming faces unpredictable climate and economic challenges, informed breeding is key for sustainable dairy production and long-term farm success.

Resilience Against the Odds: Navigating the Complex Terrain of Genetic and Environmental Interactions 

Breeding dairy calves that can handle stress is not easy. To do this, scientists need to understand genetics and how the environment affects those genetics. The environment can affect the genetics significantly, depending on where the calves are raised. 

One big challenge is finding the signs of resilience in calves. This study uses cumulative milk intake (CMI) to assess calves’ resilience. But looking at milk intake alone can be tricky. Many things, like how much food is available or any health treatments given, can change milk intake patterns, making it hard to see what’s due to genetics. 

Another issue is determining how much resilience is passed down genetically. This study shows negligible heritability, meaning genetics only plays a small part. However, with the right new strategies, selective breeding could still help improve resilience, even if challenging. 

The study has some limitations. It used data from just one farm, which means its findings might only apply to some farms. Different farms manage animals and environments differently. The study only examined calves for 32 days, which isn’t enough time to see their resilience throughout their development. Observing them for longer could show more about how resilience appears over time. 

This study is essential for the dairy industry. Making calves more resilient improves herd health, productivity, and profits. Resilient animals are key to sustainability in an industry facing climate change and trade challenges. Breeding for resilience could help keep milk production steady and improve animal welfare even as conditions change. 

To turn these scientific findings into real-world breeding programs, the dairy industry must collaborate across different areas and combine new tech with traditional methods. By solving these challenges and broadening research, the industry can work toward a future where livestock survive and thrive. 

Navigating the Genetic Labyrinth: Unraveling Dairy Calf Resilience for a Decisive Leap Forward 

The journey to understand resilience in dairy calves is just starting, and future research should dig deeper into the genes that create these essential traits. Examining the parts of the genome that control resilience can help create targeted breeding plans, strengthening dairy herds. Using genetic tools, researchers could find specific genetic markers linked to resilience, giving breeders a clear guide to selecting these traits more effectively. 

Studying more than one farm is essential. Research on farms with various climates and management styles can help scientists understand how resilience appears in different conditions. These studies could show how genetics and environment work together, giving insights into how different factors affect recovery times and overall calf health. 

In addition to genetics, combining Automated Milk Feeder (AMF) data with other precision livestock technologies offers excellent potential. AMF data, real-time health monitors, environmental sensors, and nutrient trackers can give a complete view of calf development. This combination would help farmers spot and respond to stressors quickly, improving animal welfare and productivity. 

These integrated systems also allow for personalized management plans, tailoring feeding and care to each calf based on their unique resilience profiles. The dairy industry can use big data and advanced analytics to innovate precision farming and set higher standards for calf care worldwide.

The Bottom Line

In the fast-changing world of dairy farming, staying strong is essential to keep things running smoothly. Automated Milk Feeders (AMFs) and choosing the right genetics can help improve this strength, offering a solid way to breed calves that do well even when things get tough. By focusing on traits like how quickly a calf bounces back, farmers can raise herds that can handle stress better, helping ensure a strong future for dairy farming. As farmers explore these new ideas, they should consider using AMFs and genetic selection as part of their routine, checking out all available resources and sharing what they learn to move dairy farming forward sustainably. 

Key Takeaways:

  • The study emphasizes the potential of automated milk feeders (AMF) in improving calf resilience by monitoring deviations in milk consumption patterns.
  • Genetic parameters like amplitude, perturbation time, and recovery time of milk intake suggest a moderate heritable component, highlighting genetic factors in resilience.
  • Findings suggest prioritizing genetic selection based on recovery time as it signifies stronger genetic control and resilience against stressors.
  • There’s a noteworthy genetic correlation between recovery traits and general calf health, indicating potential for breeding more resilient dairy calves.
  • The research underscores the need for precision farming to manage large herds effectively amidst environmental challenges such as climate change.
  • Data from the AMF system, paired with genomic insights, creates a robust framework for breeding programs focusing on resilience.
  • The study calls for long-term data collection post-weaning to better understand these resilience traits in mature dairy cows.
  • Diversification of study farms could give broader insights into managing calf resilience across different environmental and management conditions.

Summary:

Automated milk feeders (AMFs) have revolutionized dairy farming by precisely managing Holstein calves and enhancing their resilience to environmental stressors. A study of over 10,000 calves identified genetic traits like recovery time, heritability, amplitude, perturbation time that correlate with improved stress responses, particularly against bovine respiratory disease. Despite lower than anticipated genetic influence, these traits highlight opportunities for selective breeding. AMFs enhance calf care and save labor by monitoring milk intake, allowing timely intervention for health issues and optimal nutrition. The trend of genetic selection for resilient calves promises long-term benefits for animal health and farm productivity. Although limited by single-farm data, this research paves the way for breeding programs focused on resilience, aiding in future-proofing global dairy operations. Collaborative efforts integrating advanced technologies with traditional methods are essential for the dairy industry to implement these findings effectively.

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Why Reduced Culling is Inflating Heifer Prices

Thursday, December 12th, 2024

Discover the effects of reduced culling on the US dairy herd, which has aged by 5% and led to increased heifer prices. Is your dairy farm ready to handle these changes?

Summary:

In a rapidly evolving dairy landscape, reduced culling has inadvertently bolstered the U.S. dairy herd by 5%, creating a unique set of challenges and opportunities. Older cows continue to occupy barns due to a drastic decrease in culling, affecting the industry with skyrocketing heifer prices and pressuring farmers to make crucial decisions shaping their herd’s future. Advances in genetics have contributed to longer productive lives for cows, but accompanying health challenges raise sustainability questions. Over 499,000 fewer cows have been culled since Labor Day 2023, impacting herd renewal and raising sustainability concerns. The USDA’s October 2024 Milk Production report counts 9.365 million cows, reflecting a stable number but a shift towards older cows due to fewer being culled. Older cows produce more milk, butterfat, and protein but face health issues, especially during calving.

Key Takeaways:

  • The U.S. dairy industry faces a significant shortfall of nearly 500,000 dairy replacements, intensifying heifer sale values.
  • Dairy farmers have reduced culling, maintaining herd numbers but leading to an aging herd with heightened health risks.
  • Genetic advancements improve cow longevity, but older cows face increased health challenges, particularly during calving.
  • High calf value from beef-dairy crossbreeds offers immediate financial benefits, affecting long-term herd replacement strategy.
  • The current market trends suggest a potential decline in milk cow replacement numbers, posing challenges for future supply.
  • Dairy farmers must strategically plan for replacements, considering three-year lead times to mitigate the crunch in supply.
U.S. dairy industry, dairy herd management, culling reduction impact, milk production challenges, older cows health issues, USDA Milk Production report, dairy farming genetics, sustainable dairy practices, economic relief in dairy, herd productivity concerns

The U.S. dairy industry is currently at a crucial juncture due to a significant decision to reduce culling. This move has led to a 5% increase in the national herd, providing short-term economic relief. However, it also brings forth challenges, particularly in the context of older cows impacting milk production and herd health. Since Labor Day 2023, over 499,000 fewer cows have been culled—a historic drop significantly influencing the herd’s natural renewal. This shift raises essential questions about this approach’s sustainability and future productivity.

YearTotal Dairy Herd (in millions)Heifers Sold (in thousands)Average Heifer Price (in USD)Total Culling (in thousands)
20229.365300$1,8001,500
20239.365350$2,5001,200
20249.365400$3,5001,000

Aging Herd, Stable Numbers: The Double-Edged Sword 

The current state of the U.S. dairy herd shows a complicated relationship between stable numbers and a rise in the average age. The USDA’s October 2024 Milk Production report says that there are 9.365 million cows in the U.S. dairy herd across all 50 states. This number stability, however, hides a shift in the population toward older cows, which is caused by fewer cows being culled.

Over 65 weeks, dairy farmers significantly reduced the number of cows killed, sending 499,110 fewer cows to slaughter. This decrease creates a key situation: older cows produce more milk, butterfat, and protein, but as they age, they also face more health problems, especially when it’s time to give birth.

These numbers show how important it is to find a balance between using the productivity of older cows and managing the health problems that can come with an aging herd. According to USDA reports, this less frequent culling may temporarily stabilize the number of cows in the herd. Still, it also makes the cows older, which means that future replacements and health management must be planned.

The Economics of Reduced Culling: Navigating a Financial Tightrope 

The economics of reducing culling in dairy herds are detailed. Numbers on a balance sheet can affect decisions that can change the lives of both farmers and animals. High beef prices are a significant factor in these decisions. Strangely, this forces dairy farmers to rethink how they typically kill animals. When beef prices increase, each dairy cow sent to the slaughterhouse is paid a lot of money. This makes farmers want to send older or less productive cows to be killed more quickly.

However, in places where the cost of replacing heifers can go over $3,000 to $4,000 each, the equation gets more complicated. Farmers must consider their options because raising a replacement heifer from birth to milking age costs a lot—it takes two years of work. Would keeping older cows and dealing with their health and maintenance issues be more profitable, or would it be better to take on the financial responsibility of caring for young heifers?

Because of this, farmers have to carefully plan their paths through these options because they need to make money. They prefer the quick cash flow from beef over the bigger dairy yields that younger cows promise in the future. From a different point of view, less culling can help with short-term finances because less capital is spent on replacements. However, more than this short-term relief may be needed to keep milk production going in the long term, which could slow market growth and development.

The effects of the reduced culling decision are felt across the market. The cattle supply is getting tighter because fewer dairy cows are being replaced. This is leading to an overall increase in livestock prices. Additionally, stakeholders in the supply chain of the dairy industry—from feed suppliers to veterinary services—need to be flexible and aware of how these changes will affect others. When production costs compete with the gains in commodities, it is essential to be smart about money. This planning includes keeping profit margins safe and ensuring that whole dairy operations remain open even when the market is uncertain.

Genetic Progress: The Double-Edged Sword of Dairy Advancements

Genetic progress has undoubtedly changed dairy farming by giving farmers tools to make dairy cows work longer. Through selective breeding, more muscular genetic lines have been created. This has led to improvements in traits like “Productive Life,” which directly affects the longevity and efficiency of the dairy herd.

Because of these improvements, older cows can now produce more milk, butterfat, and protein, which makes them very useful to farmers. This higher productivity means that each cow produces more, raising the farm yield. But having older cows isn’t just better because there are more. They usually have more stable production cycles and can show how productive a genetic line will be in the long run. This is essential information for making decisions about future breeding.

But along with these benefits come big problems. Cows are more likely to get sick as they age, especially during critical times like giving birth. Conditions like mastitis, lameness, and reproductive problems may worsen, which could cancel out any gains in milk production by making it more expensive and time-consuming to manage and treat the animals.

Dairy farmers must find a way to use the genetic advantages of older cows while minimizing the health risks associated with their aging. This problem highlights the importance of using genetic selection and good herd management to maintain a productive and long-lasting herd.

The Heifer Supply Crunch: Navigating Unprecedented Price Surges

There has been a significant change in the way the market works in the U.S. dairy industry lately, mostly because fewer cows are being culled. Because of this, more demand for heifers has pushed their prices to all-time highs. Because of a strategic pullback on culling, there aren’t many replacements, so the supply of heifers has gotten much tighter. Farmers who raise dairy are in a tough spot because the market reacts strongly to this imbalance.

Let’s examine the current market prices to put things in perspective. These days, heifers usually sell for more than $3,000 each, and sometimes, they can go as high as $4,000. This massive price increase reflects their value and signifies that supply will be strained because fewer young cows are being brought in to replace older ones retiring.

The effects are enormous for farmers who want to increase the size of their herds. The higher price of buying heifers is a big problem for the economy. Investing in new heifers now requires a well-thought-out long-term plan considering both short-term costs and expected milk yields. Also, the high prices might accidentally stop plans to grow, forcing some farmers to think of other ways to increase productivity, like raising replacements or looking for other ways to lower costs.

This price increase shows that the U.S. dairy industry is at a critical point. How farmers deal with these problems will affect not only the long-term health of their businesses but also the production and supply of milk in the years to come. As long as the demand for heifers is higher than the supply, it will be hard to overcome this situation without developing new ideas and keeping a close eye on market trends.

Turning the Tide: Navigating the Aging Herd and Supply Challenge for a Sustainable Future

The current trend of fewer culls and an older dairy herd makes it very hard for the U.S. dairy industry to stay in business in the long term. Farmers may have to deal with increasing health problems in their older cows, which could affect the quality and quantity of milk they produce. Vet bills could go up, and older cows may need to be stronger when they give birth, which could put a financial strain on operations and significantly smaller farms.

Also, as the price difference between beef sire-dairy dam calves and replacement heifers grows, the desire for quick cash may become more potent than long-term planning for restocking the herd. A bottleneck could occur if there aren’t enough younger replacements, stopping the herd from growing and resulting in milk production. Addressing this situation could make it easier for the U.S. to meet the needs of both domestic and international dairy product buyers.

Dairy farmers must be able to adapt strategically to overcome these problems. New genetic selections could be key to making herds live longer and healthier so cows can keep working longer. Farmers could also look into other breeding programs that use a mix of dairy and beef genetics to get the most out of each calf without affecting the need to replace the herd in the future.

Collaboration and cooperative strategies also help ease the financial strain of high replacement costs. Buying heifers as a group or breeding them together may lead to economies of scale that make the project more financially viable. Investing in technology and precision farming could help monitor the herd’s health closely, lowering the costs of treating health problems that older cows often have.

Ultimately, U.S. dairy farmers need to find a way to balance the current economic pressures with creative changes to help their herds stay healthy long-term. The industry can turn problems into growth opportunities by embracing genetic progress, working together to save money, and combining different types of technology.

The Bottom Line

The U.S. dairy industry is at a crossroads. It has to deal with an aging cow population that has kept herd numbers stable even though culling has slowed down a lot. Herd sizes have grown because fewer animals are being killed, but this has not come without costs. Even though genetic improvements and longer lives are good things, they also cause problems because older cows are more likely to get sick. The economics of managing a herd change as farmers weigh the short-term cash gains from selling calves against the long-term need for new cows to replace old ones. This tension will likely worsen as the price of heifers goes up, forcing dairy farms to plan far into the future. The question still stands: will the U.S. dairy industry get past these problems and keep milk production growing, or will the need for quick profits change the industry’s long-term plans? Considering this critical moment, consider how your decisions today will shape dairy farming in the United States tomorrow.


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Are you eager to discover the benefits of integrating beef genetics into your dairy herd? “The Ultimate Dairy Breeders Guide to Beef on Dairy Integration” is your key to enhancing productivity and profitability. This guide is explicitly designed for progressive dairy breeders, from choosing the best beef breeds for dairy integration to advanced genetic selection tips. Get practical management practices to elevate your breeding program. Understand the use of proven beef sires, from selection to offspring performance. Gain actionable insights through expert advice and real-world case studies. Learn about marketing, financial planning, and market assessment to maximize profitability. Dive into the world of beef-on-dairy integration. Leverage the latest genetic tools and technologies to enhance your livestock quality. By the end of this guide, you’ll make informed decisions, boost farm efficiency, and effectively diversify your business. Embark on this journey with us and unlock the full potential of your dairy herd with beef-on-dairy integration. Get Started!

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The Science of Dairy Cow Reproduction: Unlocking the Secrets to Improve Fertility and Productivity

Sunday, December 8th, 2024

Decode dairy cow fertility. Explore groundbreaking research to increase your herd’s productivity. Ready to elevate your success?

Summary:

The intricate landscape of dairy cow reproduction encompasses technological advancements, nutrition, health, and the influences of environmental and genetic factors. As the demand for sustainable food sources rises, enhancing cow fertility becomes paramount. According to Dr. Emily Grant, integrating precision management and genetic evaluation could elevate fertility rates and increase herd longevity. Understanding the reproductive cycle aids farmers in optimizing herd management, which in turn enhances efficiency and milk yield. Innovations such as artificial insemination, embryo transfer, and genomic selection have significantly improved productivity. Farmers must also consider body condition, management practices, and preventive healthcare. Balancing these technological advances with ethical responsibilities is crucial for fostering a harmonious blend of innovation and care within the industry.

Key Takeaways:

  • Dairy cow reproduction is a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and nutritional factors that requires careful management and understanding.
  • Technological advancements, such as automated monitoring systems, have revolutionized fertility management, leading to better reproductive outcomes.
  • Ethical considerations and animal welfare are increasingly integral to reproductive strategies in the dairy industry, prompting innovations that prioritize humane practices.
  • Nutrition directly impacts fertility, highlighting the necessity for balanced diets and health management to optimize reproductive success in dairy cows.
  • Understanding the genetic and environmental influences on fertility can help make informed breeding decisions that improve herd sustainability.
  • Striking a balance between technological interventions and ethical farming practices is crucial for future dairy reproduction industry standards.
  • Farm productivity and profitability are closely linked to effective reproductive management, emphasizing the need for continuous improvement and innovation.
dairy cow reproduction, sustainable farming practices, cow fertility improvement, genetic selection in dairy cows, reproductive efficiency, artificial insemination technology, embryo transfer advancements, dairy herd management, nutrition and health in dairy cows, ethical farming innovations

In farms and modern barns, dairy cow reproduction plays a crucial role in agriculture, impacting the economy and the environment. Fertility is essential for farmers and the entire industry’s success. As the demand for sustainable food grows, improving cow fertility becomes essential. Minor improvements can increase farm profits and lower environmental impact [ScienceDirect]. This article explores new advancements in dairy cow reproduction, examining how these innovations can boost cow fertility and productivity, leading to more sustainable farming practices. 

The Fertility Puzzle: Decoding Dairy Cow Reproduction 

As a dairy farmer, your role in managing cow reproduction has become even more critical. Fertility rates are all over the map, and we must maximize productivity. This can be tricky, as it requires balancing genetic selection, management practices, and environmental pressures. As dairy farms expand worldwide, nutrition and disease add layers of complexity. Your role in the industry is pivotal. 

Fertility rates have dropped because we’ve been selecting cows for their milk production. This genetic selection has increased milk output but also led to about a 20% decline in fertility over recent decades (ScienceDirect, 2022). This drop has hefty economic impacts, with yearly losses of over $200 per cow due to reproductive issues (Journal of Dairy Science). Improving fertility is crucial. Dr. Emily Grant, a veterinary science expert, recommends blending precision management with genetic evaluation to turn around declining fertility and boost herd longevity (Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2023). 

These reproductive challenges increase production costs and often lead to animal culling. We need a new approach encouraging farmers to balance productivity and substantial reproduction. As the dairy industry strives for sustainability, dealing with these reproductive challenges using innovative strategies and teamwork is crucial for long-term success.

The Dance of Life: Navigating Dairy Cow Reproduction 

The life cycle of a dairy cow centers around reproduction. The key part is estrus when a cow is ready to conceive. This happens about every 21 days. During estrus, cows become restless and loud as ovulation nears—when an egg is released and needs to meet sperm for conception. Timing is crucial here. 

If fertilization is successful after ovulation, the cow is pregnant for about nine months, similar to humans. The cow’s body significantly changes during this time to nurture the growing calf. Hormones like estrogen and progesterone control estrus and pregnancy, so managing these hormones is essential for fertility. Stress, poor nutrition, or health issues can upset these hormones and cause fertility problems, which is a big worry for dairy farms. 

Knowing the reproductive cycle helps farmers manage their herds better, improving reproductive efficiency and milk production. By optimizing each phase of estrus, ovulation, and pregnancy, farmers can keep cows healthier and more productive.

Revolutionizing Dairy: The Technological Advancements in Cow Reproduction

The integration of reproductive technologies into dairy farming has significantly boosted productivity. Artificial insemination is a crucial method that involves collecting semen from a bull and introducing it into a cow’s reproductive tract. This approach enhances dairy cow fertility and herd productivity. It improves herd quality by allowing precise breeding control [Frontiersin, source]. This technique reduces time and costs while increasing pregnancies, enabling the use of semen from top-quality bulls to improve herd genetics. 

Embryo transfer is another method for quickly boosting genetic lines. By transferring high-value embryos to recipient cows, offspring from elite dairy cows can be increased without the stress of repeated pregnancies. This accelerates genetic progress beyond traditional breeding [ScienceDirect, source]. 

Genomic selection uses genomic data to predict breeding value. It revolutionizes breeding by focusing on genetic potential, not appearance. The result is better herd management and a significant return on investment. Genomic selection reduces generation intervals and increases genetic gain, thus boosting milk production [PLOS ONE, source]. 

Case studies show the successful use of these technologies. One dairy farm used genomic selection to increase milk yield and improve herd health. These outcomes underscore the advantages of advanced technologies for dairy farmers. 

These innovations provide dairy farmers with essential tools for enhancing productivity and meeting global food demands. They pave the way for greater efficiency and promise further innovation and progress.  

Nurturing Fertility: Harmonizing Nutrition and Health in Dairy Cows 

The reproduction of dairy cows involves much more than just breeding. It includes a mix of nutrition, health, and management practices. Getting nutrition and health right is key to fertility. Good nutrition is crucial for dairy cow fertility. Balanced diets support both life and reproduction. Cows need the proper nutrients, like energy, protein, vitamins, and minerals, for a healthy reproductive system [1]. If not balanced, cows might have delayed estrus and poor conception rates. 

It’s crucial to manage body condition. Cows that are too thin or too fat face reproductive challenges. Poor nutrition can affect ovulation, while excess weight can lead to metabolic disorders, making pregnancy difficult. Farmers should watch body conditions and adjust their management practices [2]. Preventing disease is essential, too. Diseases affecting the reproductive tract or metabolism can reduce fertility. Herd management should include preventive healthcare like vaccinations and health screenings. Biosecurity protocols help minimize disease outbreaks, improve herd health, and boost reproduction. 

Farmers should regularly check nutrition and adjust feed for cows based on their life stages and needs to improve healthand fertility. Technology, like metabolic profiling and precision feeding, helps refine these practices. Routine veterinary checks can detect diseases early and allow timely intervention, boosting health and fertility [3]. 

In summary, ensuring fertility in dairy cows requires balancing nutrition, body condition, and disease prevention. With proper management and care, dairy farmers can unlock their herds’ reproductive potential, leading to successful and thriving herds.

Beyond the Barn: Navigating Environmental and Genetic Influences on Dairy Cow Fertility

Environmental and genetic factors play a significant role in dairy cow reproduction. Recent studies show these have a substantial effect on fertility in dairy herds. Changes in temperature and humidity can upset dairy cows’ hormonal cycles, lowering fertility rates. For example, heat stress is linked to reduced pregnancy success because it harms egg quality and embryo growth [J. Dairy Sci., 2023]. Reproduction efficiency often decreases when it’s hotter [1], so adjusting how farms are managed during these times is key. Handling these environmental factors well is critical for keeping fertility rates high in dairy herds. 

On the genetic front, new genomic tools help with selective breeding for better fertility traits. Choosing cows with traits like shorter calving intervals and higher conception rates builds more substantial herds. Combining genetic markers with traditional methods is promising in finding cows with better reproductive abilities [PLOS ONE, 2017]. Traits like better heat tolerance and disease resistance are added to dairy genetics, offering better fertility and overall animal health[J. Reprod. Dev., 2021]. Selecting these traits is a smart financial and scientific strategy that boosts milk production efficiency and profitability. Studies suggest a balanced approach combining environmental control and genetic enhancements to improve dairy farming standards [2].

Walking the Tightrope: Ethical Challenges in Dairy Cow Reproduction 

As we examine dairy cow reproduction, we must consider challenges and ethical issues. The drive for more productivity often pushes the limits between innovation and ethics. One big challenge is animal welfare. Methods aimed at increasing milk production raise concerns about cow well-being. Overbreeding can cause health problems, affecting both the physical and mental state of cows. 

Genetic diversity is also essential. Focusing on traits like high milk production can reduce genetic variation, making herds less resilient and prone to disease. Balancing selective breeding with maintaining genetic diversity is challenging. 

Can we balance productivity with ethical responsibility? This question pushes the industry to make smart innovations. Are current practices sustainable, or are we reaching an ethical limit? As we move forward, discussions must stress the planet’s health, animals, and human needs. We need to consider the effects of every technological and breeding advancement carefully.

The Bottom Line

The complex issue of dairy cow reproduction requires a mix of traditional methods and new ideas. We’ve examined how environmental and genetic factors affect a cow’s reproduction ability. Technological advances, like precision farming and genetic selection, offer ways to improve reproductive performance. However, every step forward brings ethical questions that we must carefully consider. Good nutrition and health are vital for ensuring fertility, highlighting their importance for successful reproduction. 

In this rapidly changing field, ongoing research is helpful and necessary. Understanding and improving dairy cow reproduction is key to keeping our farms sustainable and efficient. As we move forward to create a future where innovation and care work together, we should consider balancing new technology with ethical responsibilities.

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How Beef Sire Semen is Transforming Dairy Herd Profitability and Genetics

Wednesday, October 30th, 2024

Explore how beef semen is transforming dairy herds and increasing profits. Ready to enhance your breeding strategy?

Summary:

Integrating beef semen into dairy breeding has revolutionized genetic strategies, allowing farmers to blend dairy and beef traits, enhancing profitability and herd performance while reducing disease risks through decreased reliance on purchased animals. Strategic choices between sexed dairy and beef semen across different lactation stages underscore the significance of these advancements. Selecting suitable beef sires focuses on traits like calving ease and carcass quality, fostering a lucrative beef-on-dairy market. The rapid evolution of genetic strategies, bolstered by genomics and sexed semen technology, enables farmers to selectively breed top-performing cows selectively, enhancing the genetic quality of future generations and ensuring a steady supply of replacement heifers. With cost differences and factors such as the lactation stage influencing the decision between dairy and beef semen, innovative tools like the ‘Beef-on-Dairy Query’ empower farmers to make data-driven decisions, paving the way for resilient and economically viable dairy operations.

Key Takeaways:

  • Integrating beef semen into dairy breeding programs has significantly changed dairy herd management, enhancing genetic strategies and profitability.
  • Increased use of sexed and beef semen in dairy herds has optimized replacement heifer quality and sale value of crossbred calves.
  • Factors like lactation number, insemination number, and the genetic potential of the breeding stock influence the rise in beef semen use.
  • Farmers have leveraged the genetic evaluations available for beef bulls, using Expected Progeny Differences (EPDs) to predict offspring performance and optimize breeding.
  • Lactanet and Angus Genetics Inc. developed the new “Beef-on-Dairy Query” tool to enhance dairy farmers’ sire selection decisions.
  • Strategic selection of beef sires based on traits such as calving ease and carcass quality aligns breeding programs with market demands.

Who would have thought that beef could be the secret ingredient in optimizing dairy herd profitability and genetics? Integrating beef sire semen into dairy herds is not just a breeding choice; it’s an industry game-changer. This practice is revolutionizing how dairy farmers approach herd management, transforming the traditional dairy operation into a more diversified and profitable enterprise by diversifying revenue streams through beef-on-dairy calves, enhancing genetic quality to improve herd performance, and reducing disease risks by minimizing the need for purchased animals. By strategically using beef sire semen, farmers can enhance the value of their herds while maintaining genetic quality, paving the way for a future where dairy operations are more resilient and economically viable. Let’s delve into the dynamics of this transformative trend and explore how it’s reshaping the fabric of the dairy industry, one calf at a time. It’s not just about producing milk anymore; it’s about maximizing the genetic and economic potential of every calf born on the farm.

Figure 1. Breakdown in Type of Semen Used in Canada Since 2021 by Lactation Number

beef sire semen, dairy herd management, genetic quality, herd performance, disease risk reduction, sexed semen technology, replacement heifers, Expected Progeny Differences, genomic strategies, dairy industry evolution

Unleashing the Bull: How Beef Genetics are Redefining Dairy

The rapid evolution of genetic strategies within the dairy industry has marked a significant turning point in herd management and breeding precision. At the forefront of this transformation is the application of genomics, which entails analyzing cows’ genetic makeup to identify desirable traits. This innovative approach allows dairy farmers to decide which animals to breed, leading to healthier and more productive herds. 

Furthermore, the integration of sexed semen technology has empowered farmers to selectively breed their top-performing cows with a higher probability of producing female offspring. This focus enhances the genetic quality of future generations and guarantees the availability of the desired number of replacement heifers. As a direct consequence, dairy farms are experiencing elevated levels of genetic improvement and overall herd performance. 

Including beef sire semen in the breeding, regimen has also shaped modern dairy herd genetics. This practice enables farmers to utilize less valuable females for beef production, enhancing the economic returns from calf sales. Dairy farmers can effectively manage and optimize their herd composition by expanding into beef markets, aligning with broader market demands. 

These advancements afford a new dimension of precision in breeding strategies, allowing for more targeted genetic progress and streamlined herd management. As these practices become increasingly integrated into the dairy industry, they offer a paradigm shift toward maximizing profitability and efficiency in dairy farming operations worldwide. 

Figure 2. Breakdown in Type of Semen Used in Canada Since 2021 by Insemination Number

beef sire semen, dairy herd management, genetic quality, herd performance, disease risk reduction, sexed semen technology, replacement heifers, Expected Progeny Differences, genomic strategies, dairy industry evolution

Strategic Breeding Choices: The Evolving Role of Beef Semen in Dairy Herds 

In today’s evolving dairy industry, the decision to use dairy or beef semen is more consequential than ever. Several key factors, notably the stage of lactation and the number of inseminations, influence the decision. As cows progress through multiple lactations, dairy farmers must adapt their breeding strategies. 

The statistics paint a clear picture of this trend. Since 2021, 85% of first-time calves have been inseminated with dairy semen, primarily due to the drive to enhance the genetic quality of replacement heifers. However, as cows advance through subsequent lactations, the preference shifts. By the eighth parity or higher, 38% of breedings are conducted with beef semen. Similarly, as cows approach their seventh or higher inseminations, the inclination for beef semen rises, composing 55% of breedings. 

Moreover, beef semen is gaining significant momentum across various dairy breeds. Notably, in Canada, 39% of Ayrshire, 29% of Holstein, and 25% of Jersey cows were bred using beef semen in 2023. This inclination towards beef semen usage is not just a statistic; it reflects a transformative impact on herd dynamics, allowing farmers to manage low-producing cows more economically and enhance the value of non-replacement calves through beef crossbreeding. These statistics reveal that the shift towards beef semen reshapes dairy herd composition while bolstering profitability and adaptability in a competitive industry landscape.

The Dollars and Sense of Semen Selection: Navigating Economic Choices in Dairy Breeding

When examining the economic considerations between dairy and beef semen, it’s evident that the cost differences can significantly impact profitability. Dairy semen, especially with advances in genetic selection, commands a higher price, averaging around $45 for conventional and $64 for sexed semen in 2023. This increase since 2010 necessitates judicious use to optimize expenses and focus resources on top-performing animals. 

In contrast, beef semen offers a more cost-effective alternative, with conventional options costing an average of $22. This price difference presents an opportunity for strategic financial management. By utilizing beef semen on cows that are either repeat breeders or possess less superior genetics, farmers can effectively reduce breeding costs while simultaneously generating additional revenue by selling beef calves. 

Moreover, the use of beef semen aligns with market demands, as crossbred calves hold substantial value in the beef market. This strategic approach minimizes costs and capitalizes on an additional revenue stream, positioning dairy farmers to boost their profitability by catering to the growing demand for beef-on-dairy progeny. As the market for these crossbred calves continues to expand, the financial benefits of using beef semen as part of a comprehensive breeding strategy are expected to increase.

Choosing Winners: Aligning Beef Sire Selection with Genetics and Market Demands 

When it comes to selecting the right beef sire for your dairy herd, the importance of aligning your choice with both genetic evaluations and market demands cannot be overstated. Each beef breed offers its own set of strengths and attributes that may suit different aspects of your dairy herd’s needs and the end market for crossbred calves. In this competitive landscape, leveraging the power of Expected Progeny Differences (EPDs) and Genomic Enhanced EPDs (GE-EPDs) becomes a pivotal aspect of making well-informed sire selections. 

EPDs provide a quantitative metric for predicting how a sire’s future offspring will perform compared to other sires’ progeny. They encapsulate genetic potential in traits such as ribeye area or conception rate. These evaluations offer a comparative framework crucial for optimizing outcomes, especially in beef-on-dairy programs aiming to maximize terminal progeny’s performance and quality. 

When these EPDs are enhanced with genomic data, they transform into GE-EPDs, dramatically increasing accuracy. This genomic integration allows for more precise predictions regarding desired traits tailored to dairy and beef production parameters. The result? A finely tuned balance between maintaining dairy herd efficiency and meat production excellence, which ultimately aligns with market preferences and profitability targets. 

Therefore, the discerning dairy farmer and beef producer must consider the inherent characteristics of various beef breeds and dive deep into the genetic evaluations provided by EPDs and GE-EPDs. This dual approach ensures that the selected sires will produce offspring that meet specific market demands—for carcass quality, growth efficiency, or other economically significant traits. By doing so, you sustain and enhance profitability while meeting the evolving needs and expectations of the beef market.

The Cutting-Edge Evolution: Introducing the Game-Changing ‘Beef-on-Dairy Query’ Tool

The dairy industry is about to welcome an innovative technological leap with the upcoming ‘Beef-on-Dairy Query’tool, a collaborative development by Lactanet and Angus Genetics Inc (AGI). This tool is poised to be a game-changer in beef sire selection for dairy farmers, offering a nuanced approach to integrating beef genetics with dairy herds. By providing access to genetically evaluated data, the tool empowers farmers with enhanced decision-making capability. 

This cutting-edge tool will showcase selection indexes like the Angus-on-Holstein ($AxH) and Angus-on-Jersey ($AxJ), which predict profitability differences in progeny. These indexes highlight critical traits such as calving ease, growth, feed intake, and muscling, helping farmers align their breeding strategies with economic goals. Through these metrics, dairy farmers can gain insights into how different sires will influence the productivity and profitability of their herds. 

Moreover, the ‘Beef-on-Dairy Query’ tool details Canadian and American Angus bull traits, allowing farmers to confidently tailor their sire selection to meet specific herd requirements and market demands. With access to genomically enhanced Expected Progeny Differences (GE-EPDs), farmers can ensure the production of terminal progeny that aligns with their buyers’ preferences, optimizing both herd management and economic outcomes. 

As the tool is implemented, it will become an essential resource for farmers who aim to strategically navigate the complexities and opportunities presented by beef-on-dairy breeding. This tool promises to redefine efficiency and profitability in dairy herd management.

The Bottom Line

As we’ve explored, the strategic use of beef semen significantly transforms the dairy industry, offering a viable pathway to enhance genetic diversity and economic gains. The choice between sexed and beef semen is increasingly critical, with the data strongly supporting tailored breeding programs to maximize herd efficiency and profitability. From the rising usage statistics to the innovative selection tools being developed, it’s clear that the integration of beef genetics in dairy breeding isn’t just a trend—it’s the future. By carefully selecting suitable beef sires, dairy farmers can effectively convert earlier concerns into substantial profits, optimizing the quality of terminal progeny and the overall herd health. 

I invite you to delve deeper into these strategies and perhaps share your experiences or insights in the comments below. How have beef-on-dairy strategies worked for you? Let’s keep the conversation going—after all, staying informed means staying ahead. And remember, exciting tools like the “Beef-on-Dairy Query” are on the horizon, offering even more resources to refine and enhance your breeding decisions. Share this article with fellow farmers and industry professionals who might benefit from these insights, and stay tuned for more cutting-edge developments coming your way!


Download “The Ultimate Dairy Breeders Guide to Beef on Dairy Integration” Now!

Are you eager to discover the benefits of integrating beef genetics into your dairy herd? “The Ultimate Dairy Breeders Guide to Beef on Dairy Integration” is your key to enhancing productivity and profitability. This guide is explicitly designed for progressive dairy breeders, from choosing the best beef breeds for dairy integration to advanced genetic selection tips. Get practical management practices to elevate your breeding program. Understand the use of proven beef sires, from selection to offspring performance. Gain actionable insights through expert advice and real-world case studies. Learn about marketing, financial planning, and market assessment to maximize profitability. Dive into the world of beef-on-dairy integration. Leverage the latest genetic tools and technologies to enhance your livestock quality. By the end of this guide, you’ll make informed decisions, boost farm efficiency, and effectively diversify your business. Embark on this journey with us and unlock the full potential of your dairy herd with beef-on-dairy integration. Get Started!

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Don’t Miss World Dairy Expo 2024: Celebrating the Golden Age of Dairy

Thursday, September 5th, 2024

Join us at the World Dairy Expo 2024 in Madison! Dive into innovations, connect with global experts, and celebrate the Golden Age of Dairy. Ready to be inspired?

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Are you prepared for the biggest event of the year? Thousands of dairy enthusiasts are preparing to gather to celebrate dairy excellence at the World Dairy Expo 2024 in Madison, Wisconsin! This event represents innovation and tradition in the dairy business. Every year, people from all over the globe come together to witness cutting-edge technology and fantastic livestock while networking with industry leaders. This year’s theme, “The Golden Age of Dairy,” focuses on our industry’s technical accomplishments. Despite problems such as avian flu, our community’s strength comes through. “The pageantry and prestige of showing on the colored shavings is like no other.” Laura Herschleb, General Manager at WDE. World Dairy Expo 2024 promises to be an outstanding event for seasoned professionals and newcomers.

The Event of the Year: An Unmissable Gathering of Global Dairy Professionals 

Since its start 57 years ago, the World Dairy Expo has emerged as the flagship event for the worldwide dairy sector. The event, held at the Alliant Energy Center in Madison, Wisconsin, unites dairy farmers, industry experts, and lovers from across the globe. The 2024 event is slated for October 1st through 4th. However, festivities begin as early as September 28th.

The Expo is unsurpassed in terms of size and scope. Expect to meet approximately 600 exhibitors presenting the newest dairy farming advancements. On the cattle side, there will be roughly 2,500 of North America’s best dairy animals and approximately 3,000 overseas guests. This event is a must-attend for anybody connected to the dairy sector, as it provides networking opportunities, information exchange, and the opportunity to see top-tier dairy cow contests.

Welcome to the Golden Age of Dairy: Innovation, Transformation, and Unprecedented Advances 

Consider Hollywood in its heyday—glamorous red carpets, revolutionary films, and a hum of enthusiasm that defined an era. The “Golden Age of Hollywood” was characterized by invention and revolution. The World Dairy Expo 2024 theme is ‘The Golden Age of Dairy.’

This subject focused on the fantastic innovations propelling the dairy sector ahead. Just as the Golden Age of Hollywood transformed film with the introduction of sound and technicolor, the dairy industry experienced significant changes due to new technology and inventive techniques.

Consider the advances in genetic technology, the creation of sustainable methods, and the powerful data analytics currently accessible to dairy producers. These advancements reflect Hollywood’s shift toward a more colorful, interesting narrative. The calm and advancement witnessed in today’s dairy operations are like seeing a Technicolor masterpiece—a wonderful feast for the senses.

Our business is at a height, much as Hollywood was decades ago. The World Dairy Expo 2024 aspires to honor this ‘Golden Age’ by presenting breakthroughs such as cutting-edge technology, pioneering research, and better dairy genetics. It’s not only about reflecting on how far we’ve gone; it’s about looking forward to an even brighter future.

So, while you wander around the trade exhibition, attend the seminars, or watch the dairy cow competition, remember that you are witnessing the dairy industry’s Golden Age, a period of unparalleled innovation and expansion.

What’s So Exciting About This Year’s Trade Show? 

What’s so unique about this year’s tradeshow? Imagine over 600 exhibitors assembled in one location, each eager to display their cutting-edge products and services, establishing new standards in the dairy sector. The World Dairy Expo showcases genetics, waste management, and milking equipment breakthroughs.

Visitors may learn about the newest innovations in dairy herd management. This trade expo offers a wealth of information and practical applications, ranging from cutting-edge feed and forage approaches to calf care and cow comfort advancements. You’ll also meet data collecting and usage professionals willing to answer your questions and offer their knowledge.

The diverse range of exhibitors guarantees that there is something for everyone. Do you want to make your dairy business more efficient? Are you interested in sustainable agricultural practices? Are you curious about the latest changes in dairy financing and regulations? The World Dairy Expo has all of this and more. It is more than a trade exhibition; it is a worldwide gathering of dairy professionals to learn, share, and develop.

Don’t miss this exceptional chance to network with industry leaders and colleagues. Whether you roam the trade show floor or participate in one-on-one talks, the information and relationships you make here might lead to the next significant step in your dairy career. So mark your calendars, and be ready to be inspired!

The Ultimate Showdown: North America’s Finest Compete for Supreme Champion 

The enthusiasm for the cow exhibition at the World Dairy Expo is considerable. Consider this: approximately 2,600 of North America’s best dairy cattle, gathered by over 1,800 exhibitors from 36 U.S. states and five Canadian provinces. It’s more than a competition; it’s a celebration of the finest in dairy genetics and a demonstration of dairy excellence.

The range and quality of cattle on the show are unparalleled, with seven exceptional breeds represented: Holstein, Jersey, Brown Swiss, Guernsey, Ayrshire, Milking Shorthorn, and Red & White. Each breed contributes distinct strengths and characteristics to the colorful shavings—a bright stage representing distinction and achievement in the dairy industry.

The fight for the Supreme Champion title is, without a doubt, the week’s highlight. This award is the pinnacle of distinction for dairy cow quality, and exhibitors work tirelessly throughout the year to showcase their finest animals on these renowned colored shavings. The route to the Supreme Champion is fraught with tremendous drama, pride, and a feeling of accomplishment that is difficult to imitate elsewhere.

The colorful shavings are more than a stage; they represent a long-standing ritual of historical importance. Entering this arena represents accomplishment, hard effort, and the pursuit of dairy perfection. It is a unique and valuable opportunity for breeders, fuelling the dairy community’s enthusiasm and devotion. So, if you want to see the peak of dairy cow competition in an exciting setting, don’t miss this year’s cattle show.

Resilience in the Face of Bird Flu: How WDE 2024 Ensures Safety Amid Challenges

Bird flu, also known as highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), is a serious concern this year, but it has not dampened the spirits of the World Dairy Expo attendees. This robust event is supported by extensive biosecurity precautions to guarantee its safety and success.

To begin, each entry must have a negative HPAI test result. This regulation is consistent with federal and state mandates from the USDA and Wisconsin’s Department of Agriculture, Trade, and Consumer Protection (DATCP). Attendees may breathe better now that these standards are in place.

Furthermore, coordination with health authorities encourages exhibitors to communicate closely with their veterinarians. Exhibitors verify that they fulfill their state’s testing criteria for arrival and return. WDE personnel worked extensively with health authorities to develop these guidelines so exhibitors would have clear instructions.

There are also options for late arrivals and early departures on the grounds, intended to assist exhibitors who travel considerable distances. This flexibility helps meet health certification requirements while protecting cattle welfare.

If the HPAI test at WDE is positive, all cattle will be placed under interim quarantine to enable Wisconsin DATCP to conduct a complete investigation. This precaution adds an extra degree of protection for both animals and guests.

These comprehensive biosecurity standards underscore WDE’s dedication to organizing a safe and secure event in harsh conditions, ensuring that the World Dairy Expo’s legacy lives on.

Cattle Entries Stable Forward Amid Bird Flu Concerns 

Cattle entries are constant despite avian flu worries that may cast a pall over the event. Laura Herschleb, WDE’s general manager, notes, “The dairy industry and dairy cattle exhibitors are resilient.” This year, they had to put their skills to the test when highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) emerged. However, it has done nothing to discourage participation. Cattle submissions have remained consistent with past years because of the passion and commitment of the participants to show off their finest. “Our exhibitors have been working hard to prepare their animals for this show,” Herschleb explains. Although statistics were still being completed in early September, early indicators imply that entry numbers would be comparable to those in 2023. Last year, 1,804 people from 36 states and five Canadian provinces showed off 2,597 animals. This resiliency demonstrates the dairy community’s dedication and enthusiasm. The famous colorful shavings will be brought back to life with approximately 2,600 animals parading before professional judges in seven breed events. Exhibitors and cattle from around North America prepare to participate, guaranteeing a breathtaking show of genetic superiority. WDE has put strict biosecurity procedures in place to safeguard everyone engaged’s safety. These include a negative HPAI test requirement that follows USDA and Wisconsin Department of Agriculture criteria.

Additionally, WDE accepts late arrivals and early departures to ensure seamless participation. Nothing can keep these dairy exhibitors away from Madison, Wisconsin, and the appeal of the World Dairy Exposition. “We know how important it is for the global dairy industry to meet yearly,” Herschel said. This endurance and the industry’s enduring spirit promise another outstanding edition of WDE.

Educational Opportunities Abound at World Dairy Expo 2024 

The World Dairy Expo 2024 offers several educational opportunities, including front-row access to the dairy industry’s most recent research, insights, and innovations. This year’s exhibition provides workshops by industry professionals on essential issues such as dairy herd management and sustainability measures.

Do not miss the virtual farm tours, which provide an intriguing behind-the-scenes peek at some of the world’s most modern dairy farms. These visits offer valuable insights into cutting-edge operational approaches and technology that you may apply.

Another attraction is the Daily Knowledge Nook sessions. These brief, targeted seminars are presented throughout the day and cover a variety of issues relevant to both novice and experienced farmers. These workshops provide an excellent chance to ask questions and interact directly with professionals.

Why is this valuable? These educational programs provide an opportunity to learn directly from industry professionals without leaving the fairgrounds. Whether you want to expand your expertise, keep up with the newest trends, or get practical guidance to better your operations, the World Dairy Expo’s educational components are not to be missed.

Spotlight on Excellence: Recognizing Dairy Industry Leaders at World Dairy Expo 2024 

Recognition awards play an essential role in the World Dairy Expo by highlighting people who have made remarkable achievements in the dairy sector. These awards honor achievement and devotion, highlighting the critical work being done to increase dairy production, innovation, and sustainability. By recognizing these trailblazers, the Expo recognizes their accomplishments and encourages others in the industry to strive for similar improvements.

The 2024 honorees for the Recognition Awards are: 

  • International Person of the Year: Paul Larmer, former CEO of Semex, Ontario, Canada
  • Industry Persons of the Year: Jim Barmore, Marty Faldet, and King Hickman, founders of GPS Dairy Consulting, Minnesota, USA
  • Dairy Producers of the Year: Mike, Ed, Barb, Sandy Larson, and Jim Trustem of Larson Acres, Wisconsin, USA

Recognizing these people is critical because it spotlights their accomplishments, fosters ongoing innovation, and establishes a standard for excellence in the dairy industry. It also allows peers to appreciate and learn from these outstanding achievements, building community and cooperation across the industry.

Making Connections and Building Futures at World Dairy Expo 2024 

Networking is a critical component of the World Dairy Expo, giving guests unprecedented opportunities to meet, learn, and develop. This year, don’t miss the daily Attendee Appreciation Events. As the trade exhibition concludes each day, go to designated areas in the Exhibition Hall, Coliseum, and Trade Center. You may enjoy light refreshments while interacting with other participants and exhibitors. It’s the ideal opportunity to celebrate the day’s accomplishments and strengthen professional and personal relationships.

But that is not all! The Career Connections Program is another highlight that you should not miss. This workshop, scheduled for Monday, September 30th, before the trade exhibition officially begins, aims to bridge the gap between young talent and prospective employers. This event is ideal for young participants who have just completed judging competitions and is intended to link them with firms wanting to fill available jobs. This is an excellent chance for both job seekers and companies.

Imagine old college pals, former housemates, and industry colleagues you haven’t seen together in one place in years. The World Dairy Expo fosters a strong feeling of community, whether you meet someone on the way from the Exhibition Hall to the Coliseum or have a meaningful chat near the cow show ring. This is an opportunity to reconnect with the dairy industry’s best and brightest and share experiences, ideas, and innovations.

Can’t Make It to Madison? No Worries! ExpoTV Brings World Dairy Expo Right to Your Home!

Cannot make it to Madison in person this year? Don’t worry! Expo TV guarantees that you don’t miss out on any activity. This year, we are excited to launch a brand-new subscription model for Expo TV. For just $30, you may watch all of the thrilling activities from the comfort of your own home.

What is in it for you? A membership gives live-stream access to cattle exhibitions, over 45 instructional sessions, and more. Expo TV has you covered, whether you want to watch the coveted Supreme Champion selection or learn about the most recent advancements in dairy technology.

The best part is that you can watch at your leisure. The material is saved and chaptered, allowing you to relive pivotal moments and informative lectures anytime. It’s like carrying the whole World Dairy Expo in your back pocket. Don’t miss the opportunity to join this fantastic dairy event, no matter where you are!

The Bottom Line

Whether you’re a dairy farmer, an industry professional, or have a strong interest in the dairy business, the World Dairy Expo 2024 is a must-attend event. It’s an excellent chance to learn from the finest, network with other specialists, and see ground-breaking technologies firsthand. Imagine yourself traversing the trade exhibition floor, attending high-quality educational sessions, and seeing the best cattle compete for the coveted Supreme Champion title. The enthusiasm, expertise, and community spirit keep people returning year after year.

So why wait? Plan your vacation now and join us in celebrating the dairy sector like never before. Purchase your tickets now and take advantage of the early bird savings. Don’t forget to download the World Dairy Expo app for a smooth and engaging experience. Everything you need to know and accomplish is just a tap away. See you in Madison!

Summary: The World Dairy Expo 2024, scheduled for October 1-4 in Madison, Wisconsin, promises to be an extraordinary event celebrating the “Golden Age” of dairy. Despite the challenges posed by bird flu, enhanced biosecurity measures ensure the safety and success of the show. With nearly 600 exhibitors, 2,600 head of cattle, and robust educational programs, this year’s Expo is set to be a hub of innovation, networking, and recognition for dairy professionals worldwide. Attendees can explore the latest herd management, feed and forage approaches, and cow comfort advancements while data collection experts offer their insights. The event is a global gathering to learn, share, and develop, featuring 2,600 North America‘s best dairy cattle from over 1,800 exhibitors. If you can’t attend in person, ExpoTV offers a subscription-based service to bring the Expo’s highlights to your home.

  • Scheduled for October 1-4 in Madison, Wisconsin.
  • Over 600 exhibitors and 2,600 head of cattle participating.
  • Theme: Celebrating the “Golden Age” of dairy.
  • Enhanced biosecurity measures in place due to bird flu.
  • Robust educational programs covering herd management, feed and forage, and cow comfort.
  • Data collection experts offering valuable insights.
  • Featuring North America’s best dairy cattle from over 1,800 exhibitors.
  • ExpoTV subscription available for those who can’t attend in person, offering access to Expo highlights and events.

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Why Dairy Farmers Should Care About Their Cows’ Lying Time

Sunday, August 18th, 2024

Is your dairy farm’s productivity at risk? Learn why lying time matters for your cows’ health and welfare. Find out if your cows are getting enough rest.

Summary: Imagine, for a moment, that you are a dairy cow. Sounds strange, right? But think about it: your days revolve around eating, milking, and lying down. It’s not just about comfort; it’s about survival and productivity. Are you aware that the time cows spend lying down is a major indicator of their overall well-being, impacting everything from milk production to their risk of developing lameness? If cows don’t get enough time on soft, dry surfaces, they can become stressed, unhealthy, and less productive. The science is clear: cows need to lie down for about 10 to 12 hours a day. Yet, achieving this requires careful attention to their environment and daily routines. Factors like housing type, stall design, bedding quality, and even weather play crucial roles in determining how much time cows can rest. Farmers, understanding your cows’ lying behavior can be the key to unlocking better health and productivity on your farm. From understanding cow motivation to lie down to the spaces they are provided, and even their reproductive status, each detail affects a cow’s comfort and welfare. Dairy cow welfare is crucial for the dairy farming industry, as it directly impacts their health and productivity. Inadequate lying time can lead to health problems such as lameness and decreased milk supply. Cows are highly motivated to lie down, often foregoing other vital tasks to obtain rest. Environmental elements like housing systems, bedding quality, stall design, and weather conditions directly affect their lying time. Farmers can improve cow welfare by implementing practical recommendations such as ensuring room and comfort in stalls, using soft and dry bedding materials, streamlining milking procedures, avoiding heat during hotter months, providing shade, and ensuring adequate air movement.

  • Cows require 10 to 12 hours of lying down each day for optimal well-being.
  • Lying time affects milk production, risk of lameness, and overall cow health.
  • Environmental factors such as housing type, stall design, and bedding quality significantly influence lying time.
  • Cows are highly motivated to lie down, often at the expense of other activities like feeding.
  • Long standing periods and uncomfortable lying surfaces contribute to stress and health issues.
  • Milking routines, weather conditions, and cow standing surfaces also impact lying behavior.
  • Farmers can enhance cow comfort by ensuring spacious, clean, and well-designed resting areas.
  • Effective heat management, including shade and adequate air movement, is crucial during warmer months.
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What if I told you that something as simple as lying down could significantly improve the comfort of your dairy cows? It’s an unexpected concept that underscores the importance of your role in dairy cow welfare. More than just animal care, it directly impacts your business. The time cows spend lying down profoundly affects their health and production. How can such a basic behavior be so transformative? Cows that lie down for an appropriate period experience fewer health issues, such as a lower incidence of lameness and increased milk supply. This post will explore why cows must lie down, the consequences of limited lying time, and the various factors influencing this behavior. Your understanding and actions can revolutionize your approach to dairy farming. Are you ready to make a difference?

Imagine You are a Dairy Cow on a Hot Summer Day… 

Imagine you are a dairy cow on a hot summer day… You’ve been on your feet for hours, grazing, milking, and waiting in line for your turn. Now, all you want to do is lie down and relax. Can you feel the urge? This urge to lie down is more than a preference; it’s a fundamental need for a dairy cow’s health. Understanding and empathizing with this need is crucial for effective dairy cow management.

Dairy cows are highly driven to lie down, so they may forego other vital tasks, such as eating, to obtain some rest. When laying down becomes difficult, cows show what scientists call ‘rebound lying behavior.’ This is essentially a compensatory behavior where they attempt to ‘make up’ for missed time by laying down more when they finally get the opportunity. They will make considerable efforts to locate a comfy area, even working hard to trigger machinery such as levers or gates to secure a space to lay down.

The risks are significant when cows are unable to lay down properly. Less time spent lying down may cause considerable health problems, the most noticeable of which is lameness. It is simply physics: standing exerts pressure on their hooves, which causes discomfort. Furthermore, inadequate laying time might exacerbate other stress-related issues, impacting general biological function, including milk production and sleep.

Moreover, the frustration of being unable to lie down has visible behavioral consequences. Cows may alter their weight, stride erratically, or exhibit symptoms of agitation and discomfort. This tension is more than a temporary inconvenience; it could have long-term consequences for their health and productivity. Recognizing these potential issues should motivate you to ensure your cows have adequate and comfortable lying time.

So, for dairy cows, laying time is more than simply their having some rest. It is an essential part of their health and well-being. Ensuring that cows have enough pleasant laying time is critical for their well-being and production on the farm. The next time you see a dairy cow relaxing, remember that it is not laziness; it is a necessary part of their daily routine.

What If I Told You A Cow’s Comfort Could Be Assessed By Simply Observing Lying Time? 

However, as with people, certain environmental elements directly impact how much sleep we receive, and these subtleties may make all the difference.

First, let us discuss housing systems. Cows in free-stall and tie-stall systems sleep 10 to 12 hours daily (Charlton et al., 2014; Solano et al., 2016). Freestalls provide separate resting areas for cows; overstocking may significantly diminish this time. When there are more cows than stalls, the rivalry for laying space causes many cows to spend less time resting. Fregonesi et al. (2007) discovered that cows enjoyed shorter laying periods when stocking numbers exceeded 1.2 cows per stall.

Next, the quality of the bedding must be considered. Cows prefer soft places to rest on, avoiding hard, unpleasant ones. Studies consistently demonstrate that laying times are substantially shorter on bare concrete. Cows on softer rubber mats or mattresses rested longer than bare concrete (12.3 vs. 10.4 hours/day) (Haley et al., 2001). The amount and quality of bedding are other vital considerations. Inadequate and moist bedding materials significantly diminish laying time. Cows raised in dry environments lay down more, with substantial differences shown in research when bedding included 86% dry matter vs 27% (Fregonesi et al., 2007).

Stall design also plays an important function. Sizes that do not suit cows’ normal behavior may reduce laying times. Tucker et al. (2004) found that narrow stalls had considerably shorter laying times than suitably sized ones. Cows on farms with more oversized stalls were healthier and could lie down for extended periods.

Weather conditions are another critical consideration. In warmer summer months, cows spend less time resting down. Their laying time may drop by up to 22 minutes for every one °C rise in ambient temperature (Chen et al., 2016; Tresoldi et al., 2019). Cows under great, moist circumstances also have shorter resting hours. Beef cows tend to lay down less in rain than in dry circumstances (Schütz et al., 2010). This means that cows may need additional measures during hot or rainy weather to ensure they have enough comfortable resting time.

Observing these environmental factors—housing systems, bedding quality, stall design, and weather conditions—provides cows with a pleasant resting habitat, directly influencing their well-being and productivity.

When a One-Size-Fits-All Approach Will not Do: The Nuances of Dairy Cow Lying Behavior 

When investigating dairy cows’ lying behavior, it is critical to remember that not all cows are made equal. Individual variables influence how long a cow spends lying down each day. Let us investigate some of these characteristics and comprehend the intricacies and differences among cows.

Age and Parity

You may expect aged cows to have a constant pattern while lying down, but the truth is far from obvious. The research yielded mixed findings. According to several research studies, cows with more parity (more lactations) lay down for extended periods, with variations ranging from 0.5 to 1 hour. Other studies, however, show no significant changes or slightly shorter laying durations for cows in their third or higher parities.

Changes in lactation phases complicate matters further. Recent longitudinal studies, for example, show that. In contrast, first-parity cows have shorter laying durations in early lactation; these differences fade as lactation develops. This raises crucial questions: Are these variations attributable to physical recuperation following calving, physiological adjustments during the transition phase, or even changes in milk production?

Reproductive Status.

Reproductive status has a significant influence on lying behavior. When a cow is in estrus, she spends less time laying and more time walking. Some studies reveal a 37% decrease in laying time on estrus days. This increase in activity, although significant, confuses our understanding of lying as a well-being measure. It’s important to consider the cow’s reproductive status when evaluating their lying behavior, as it can significantly affect their activity levels and resting time.

Cows also undergo significant changes around parturition. Just hours before calving, there is a substantial increase in episodes of lying; however, the overall duration of lying decreases by roughly an hour. Following parturition, attention turns to licking and feeding the calf, temporarily lowering laying time. Over time, lying time tends to rise as cows go through the early lactation period. However, this may vary greatly depending on individual and environmental circumstances.

Health Issues: Lameness and Mastitis

Health issues like lameness and mastitis are essential predictors of lying. Lame cows spend more time lying down than their healthy counterparts, and the discrepancies have been extensively established in various studies. This increase in lying time in lame cows presumably reduces pain and discomfort. However, it also complicates the interpretation of lying time as a straightforward wellness metric.

Mastitis-infected cows, on the other hand, lay down less often. This might be due to the discomfort caused by an irritated udder, which makes lying down difficult. It emphasizes that although more excellent laying time usually indicates comfort, it may also indicate a health issue that requires rapid treatment.

Interpreting variations

Given these difficulties, using laying time to measure dairy cow well-being requires a careful approach. Factors such as parity, reproductive state, and health condition substantially impact lying behavior, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive examination. For example, although a cow laying down less during estrus is regular and anticipated, decreased lying time owing to insufficient bedding or excessive milking frequency may signal welfare difficulties.

Individual cows have distinct needs and reactions, underscoring the need for individualized welfare evaluations. Understanding why and in what context these differences occur is essential; it is not simply how many hours people lay down that matters. By considering these individual-specific aspects, dairy producers may better attend to each cow’s welfare, assuring production and quality of life.

The Hidden Cost of Your Dairy Cow’s Rest: How Inadequate Lying Time Threatens Health and Productivity 

Inadequate lying time has a substantial influence on the health and production of dairy cows. The increased likelihood of lameness is one of the most pressing concerns. According to research, cows confined in unpleasant laying conditions are more prone to acquire lameness. Leonard et al. (1994) found that “lower lying times in heifers preceded the onset of claw lesions,” suggesting a clear link between insufficient lying time and foot health problems. Furthermore, Cook et al. (2004) discovered that “housing conditions that differ in the prevalence of lameness do not always differ in the time that the cows spend lying down,” indicating that numerous variables, including lying time, contribute to the beginning of lameness.

Aside from physical health, stress reactions are a crucial consequence. Studies have demonstrated that suboptimal sleeping circumstances and forced standing might cause physiological stress reactions. For example, Fisher et al. (2003) found that calves forced to stand on hard surfaces had “higher fecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations,” suggesting increased stress. Variations in HPA (Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal) axis activity owing to insufficient laying time were also noted, with Munksgaard et al. (1999) discovering altered cortisol responses in bulls exposed to extended standing.

The effects extend to milk production as well. Although the direct impacts of laying time on milk supply are not always visible, cow welfare and feeding behavior affect milk output. Munksgaard et al. (2005) observed that when cows had less time to lie down and eat, it resulted in “decreased feed intake and weight loss,” reducing their milk production capacity. Krawczel et al. (2012) found no significant changes in milk output when lying time was adjusted using characteristics such as stall width, suggesting that the link between lying time and milk production is complicated and mediated by other welfare factors.

The research shows that enough laying time is crucial for dairy cows’ physical health and productivity. As Cook (2020) puts it: “A direct and simple effect of altered lying time on milk yield seems unlikely; however, the average lying times were above ten h/d in these experiments.”

Farmers, Are You Wondering How You Can Make Your Cows More Comfortable and Improve Their Overall Welfare? 

Farmers, do you want to know how to make your cows more comfortable and increase their general welfare? Let us start with some practical recommendations you can implement right now to improve the laying conditions in your herd.

  1. Improve Housing: Comfortable and Spacious Design. When it comes to housing, consider both room and comfort. Dairy cows thrive in situations with plenty of room to move and lie down. In tie-stall and free-stall systems, making sure stalls are the right size—both in width and length—can significantly impact. Consider your cows’ measurements and make sure the stalls are not too tight or loose.
  2. Bedding: Soft and dry is critical. Not all bedding materials are made equally. Straw, wood shavings, sand, and rubber matting provide more comfort than bare concrete. Furthermore, it is essential to consider the kind and quantity of bedding. Ensure that the bedding is deep enough for the cows to rest comfortably. To keep bedding dry, check it regularly and refill it as needed. Wet and uneven bedding may hinder cows from resting down.
  3. Time Management: Smart Feeding and MilkingFeeding and milking are non-negotiable duties, but they do not have to reduce your cows’ laying time significantly. Streamline your milking procedure by limiting milking and waiting periods to three hours per day. When feeding, spread meals so your cows don’t have to eat too long. The idea is to divide their time between eating, milking, and resting.
  4. Climate Control: Avoid the heat during the hotter months; cows stand more to cool off. Combat this by improving barn ventilation and utilizing fans or misting systems to keep your cows cool. Provide shade and ensure there is enough air movement. Heat stress not only shortens sleep but also impacts health and productivity.
  5. Regular assessments: Monitor and adjust. Finally, make it a practice to check your cows’ laying habits. Technical methods, such as automatic loggers, can be used to monitor how much time they spend lying down. This information may help you make educated judgments and modifications to enhance circumstances continuously.

These methods will improve your cows’ well-being and increase production and agricultural efficiency. Remember that a comfortable cow is a productive cow.

The Bottom Line

The amount of time your dairy cows spend lying down dramatically impacts their health. As we have seen, laying time is more than simply a sign of comfort; it is also necessary to avoid serious health problems like lameness and ensure cows can execute essential biological tasks like rumination and sleep. The contrast between cows in free-stall and tie-stall systems, which lay down for 10-12 hours per day, and those in bedded packs, dry lots, and pastures, which rest for around 9 hours, demonstrates how housing and management influence this behavior.

The motive for cows to lay down is essential. Studies reveal that if forced to stand for an extended time, they would lower their feeding time and participate in rebound lying. When you do not get enough sleep, you will feel more frustrated and have worse health. These findings remind us that comfort does not come from laying surfaces alone and general management techniques like milking and feeding schedules.

So what should you do? Begin by frequently checking your cows to ensure they have enough rest time. Determine how long they lay down and identify any environmental or managerial elements that may shorten this time. If your cows rest for fewer than 10-12 hours daily, it is time for a checkup. Consider adding softer bedding, changing feeding and milking timings, or enhancing the overall stall arrangement.

Reflect on your existing practices: Do your cows spend lengthy amounts of time standing on unpleasant surfaces? Are they spending too much time in headlocks or when milking? Remember that their comfort directly affects their productivity and health. Prioritizing appropriate laying time improves their well-being and may increase your farm’s output. Are you prepared to make the required modifications to guarantee that your cows enjoy their best lives?

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Why You Can’t Miss the Golden Age of Dairying at World Dairy Expo 2024!

Wednesday, August 14th, 2024

Explore the future of dairying at the World Dairy Expo 2024! Check out innovations, meet experts, and celebrate excellence. Ready to join the Golden Age?

Summary: World Dairy Expo 2024, set from October 1-4, showcases the Golden Age of dairying, drawing parallels with Hollywood’s technological advancements in film. This year features over 600 companies presenting the newest innovations in genetics, feed, calf care, etc. Attendees can expect interactive sessions, expert advice, and networking with global producers from 100 countries. Key awards will honor industry contributors, while the cattle show will highlight some of the greatest dairy cattle in the world. The 40th anniversary of the World Forage Analysis Superbowl promises top-notch forage samples and seminars. New highlights include an upgraded Supreme Junior Champion Ceremony and a subscription-based ExpoTV for remote viewing.

  • World Dairy Expo 2024 celebrates the Golden Age of dairy, focusing on technological advancements.
  • Over 600 companies will showcase innovations in dairy management, including genetics, feed, and calf care.
  • Attendees can participate in interactive sessions, gain expert insights, and network with producers from 100 countries.
  • Awards will honor significant contributors to the dairy industry, including International Person of the Year and Dairy Producer of the Year.
  • The cattle show will feature top breeds, with nearly 2,600 animals competing for the Supreme Champion title.
  • The World Forage Analysis Superbowl celebrates its 40th anniversary with high-quality forage samples and educational seminars.
  • New features include an upgraded Supreme Junior Champion Ceremony and a subscription-based ExpoTV for remote viewers.

The World Dairy Expo, a remarkable event that heralds the Golden Age of dairying, is an unparalleled learning opportunity! This year’s Expo, scheduled from October 1-4, 2024, will feature approximately 600 companies showcasing cutting-edge milking equipment and sophisticated genetic research. It’s a one-of-a-kind chance to learn from worldwide dairy finance, regulatory, and sustainability specialists. The Expo will also showcase must-see trends, major recognition prizes, fascinating cattle displays, and instructive seminars like the World Forage Analysis Superbowl. Stay tuned; you’re in for a unique and enriching learning experience!

Have you ever heard of the Golden Age of Hollywood? 

Imagine a transformation in the dairy industry, akin to the Golden Age of Hollywood, when movies began talking and exploding into bright colors, changing how tales were delivered on screen. This year’s World Dairy Expo has a concept similar to that but for the dairy business. They’re calling it “The Golden Age of Dairying,” an idea that’s more than just a name; it’s a call to action, a motivation for dairy farming’s future. This event is not just about showcasing innovations; it’s about inspiring the next generation of dairy farmers. You do not want to miss it.

This gorgeous motif is made possible by modern technologies. Advanced technology is transforming dairy production, much as sound and technicolor altered the silver screen. Ever wonder how the most recent advances in genetics, manure management, and calf care are changing the industry? That is precisely what the Expo is about this year.

Think about it for a second. During Hollywood’s Golden Age, technological advancements made films more entertaining, gorgeous, and accessible to viewers worldwide. Modern dairy technology improves farm efficiency, productivity, and sustainability. The possibilities seem limitless, ranging from 3D simulation modeling and Bovaer 10, which significantly cuts methane emissions, to remote monitoring of milking parlors.

Ready to Transform Your Dairy Farming World? 

Are you enthusiastic about the dairy industry’s innovative trends? This year’s World Dairy Expo will bring together over 600 enterprises to display cutting-edge advances. Consider the possibilities of the latest in genetics, manure management, feed and forage, calf care, milking equipment, housing, and cow comfort. Consider how these advancements may improve your daily operations, making them more efficient and successful. It’s a promising look into the future of dairy farming and a unique chance to network with other dairy farmers and professionals worldwide.

It’s about having the latest technology and learning how to manage your dairy cows to increase overall farm output effectively. Innovative data collecting and usage techniques and technologies will be prominently shown, delivering essential insights that will assist you in making better choices.

Consider this: more inventive farming with data at your fingertips, allowing you to optimize your herd’s health and productivity. These technologies are intended to drive your farm into the future, keeping it competitive and sustainable in an ever-changing sector. Take advantage of this unique chance to learn, develop, and network with other dairy farmers and professionals worldwide. By attending, you can gain practical insights and strategies to increase your farm’s output and efficiency.

World Dairy Expo Spotlights 

Recognition awards play a pivotal role in the World Dairy Expo, embodying the event’s celebration of excellence and innovation within the dairy industry. These awards aren’t just about trophies and titles; they spotlight individuals and teams whose relentless dedication and groundbreaking work push the boundaries of dairy farming. 

For 2024, the honorees include: 

  • International Person of the Year: Paul Larmer, former CEO of Semex, Ontario, Canada
  • Industry Persons of the Year: Jim Barmore, Marty Faldet, and King Hickman, founders of GPS Dairy Consulting of Minnesota, USA
  • Dairy Producers of the Year: Mike, Ed, Barb, Sandy Larson, and Jim Trustem of Larson Acres, from Wisconsin, USA

The honor will be placed on Wednesday evening, October 2, during the distinguished honor Banquet in The Tanbark at the Expo. It is a ticketed event, so get your tickets at www.worlddairyexpo.com by September 20, 2024.

Step into the Ultimate Dairy Showdown: Where Excellence Meets Passion

Imagine strolling into a world where North America’s best dairy cattle battle for the coveted Supreme Champion title. The excitement is apparent as over 2,600 animals march before the judges, representing the world’s best from seven distinct breeds. With over 1,800 exhibitors from 36 U.S. states and five Canadian provinces, you can sense each participant’s prestige and dedication to the event.

This is more than simply a competition; it displays dairy farming expertise. The barns are bustling with activity and provide a unique setting to meet breeders, see the lovely animals, and acquire vital insights. And suppose you want to invest in champion bloodlines. In that case, there are plenty of options here—both via private sales and the four breed sales conducted throughout the week.

Celebrating 40 Years of Forage Excellence: The World Forage Analysis Superbowl

This year marks the 40th anniversary of the World Forage Analysis Superbowl, which has focused on increasing dairy forage quality for four decades. With eight distinct categories, the event encourages forage producers to present their best forages. Over 300 submissions are examined annually, and entrants compete for over $26,000 in awards.

Winning samples will be displayed in the Trade Center during the exhibition, and farmers will be honored at the Brevant Seeds Forage Superbowl Luncheon on October 2. This event is more than simply a competition; it is about developing the whole field of dairy foraging.

In addition to the Super Bowl, renowned forage research specialists will provide cutting-edge knowledge at entertaining lectures from October 2 to 4. These seminars provide a wealth of information, owing to the participation of industry experts such as Dairyland Laboratories, Hay & Forage Grower, the U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center, the University of Wisconsin, and the World Dairy Expo. Attendees may expect to hear about the most recent advances in forage management from some of the industry’s sharpest minds.

Exciting New Features and Changes Await! 

This year’s World Dairy Expo will introduce exciting new features and adjustments you will take advantage of. One of the attractions is the updated Supreme Junior Champion Ceremony. Imagine the greatest heifers strutting their thing under the limelight in a high-energy event on Thursday, October 3, immediately after the International Holstein Heifer Show. It promises to be a memorable event!

But that is not all. Can’t get to Madison? Not a problem! ExpoTV is getting interactive. For the first time, ExpoTV subscribers may watch live coverage of the Expo from the comfort of their own homes. It’s not enough to merely observe; you must also participate in the activity, even from a distance. This interactive feature lets you engage with the event in real time, making it a truly immersive experience.

The Bottom Line

The World Dairy Expo 2024 promises to be a must-see event for anybody in the dairy sector. Everyone may find something to enjoy, from cutting-edge technology and innovative trends to industry leader awards and breathtaking livestock exhibitions. This Expo has everything, from learning about the newest research to networking with specialists worldwide. The blend of in-person and virtual encounters allows you to engage no matter where you are. So, why not mark your calendars and join the Golden Age of dairying?

For the most up-to-date information and to plan your visit, check out the official website at www.worlddairyexpo.com. Get ready to experience the future of dairy farming!

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August 2024 Genetic Evaluations: Key Updates and Innovations from CDCB and USDA AGIL

Friday, July 12th, 2024

Discover the latest updates in genetic evaluations from CDCB and USDA AGIL. How will the new 305-AA yield measurement and Constructed IDs impact your herd?

CDCB and USDA Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory (AGIL) implemented essential changes to improve genetic assessment accuracy on August 13, 2024. This paper underlines these critical developments and their advantages for the dairy sector. Supported by USDA AGIL’s innovative genomics research, CDCB is well-known for its exact genetic assessments. Among other improvements, the adoption of Constructed IDs and 305-AA standardized yield measurement highlights their dedication to precision and innovation, increasing the dairy industry’s output and sustainability.

CDCB and USDA AGIL Introduce the New Standardized Yield Measurement Known as 305-AA 

In a step meant to transform dairy genetics, the USDA AGIL and CDCB have unveiled the new standardized yield measurement known as 305-AA. This much-awaited change departs significantly from the mature equivalent (ME) standard, effective since 1935. Standardized yield records now benchmark the average age of 36 months or 305-AA. Inspired by current studies, this adjustment marks a methodological turn to reflect a more contemporary dairy environment.

The new 305-AA yield assessment replaces changes relied upon over the last 30 years and incorporates updated age, parity, and season parameters. The recalibrated changes seek to permit fair phenotypic comparisons among cows of various ages, sexes, and calving seasons. The main objective is to evaluate dairy performance under many settings and management strategies.

One significant modification is adjusting herd averages to approach real yields. Under the former ME method, breed-specific yield projections varied by around 10 percent higher than actual yields. Effective June 12, 2024, the estimates of the 305-AA yield become available via CDCB’s WebConnect for animal and data searches. Moreover, the officially adopted, on August 13, 2024, new 305-AA changes are entirely included in the CDCB genetic examinations.

Table 1. The ratio of mature equivalent to 36-month equivalent milk, fat, and protein yields from 1994 or recent data

Breed1994 FactorME / 36-month SD ratio in recent data
  MilkFatProtein
Ayrshire1.101.0921.0761.067
Brown Swiss1.151.1561.1501.142
Guernsey1.051.0431.0091.013
Holstein1.101.0821.0811.059
Jersey1.101.0791.0631.064
Milking Shorthorn1.151.1101.1001.090

This move from 305-ME to 305-AA offers a perceptive analogy. Recent data shows that standardized yields calculated from the 1994 ME factors are routinely more significant than those adjusted to the 36-month equivalent. This change marks a reassessment of yield projections to more closely reflect the contemporary dairy environment and current dairy animal performance.

A vital component of this shift is the modification in standard deviation (SD) “ME / 36-month” ratios, usually seen to be somewhat greater in earlier data than in recent changes. These little variations indicate calibrating output estimations to fit modern dairy production methods and genetic developments.

For predicted transmitting abilities (PTAs), these changes have significant ramifications. Updated ratios closer to 1.08 for Holsteins (HO) and Jerseys (JE) and generally more tiny numbers for fat and protein point to a minor scaling or base adjustment in PTA values. These changes assist representative assessments of dairy cow genetics, improving the validity and applicability of these measures according to contemporary industry requirements. Thus, a sophisticated, data-driven approach to genetic studies helps the dairy industry by promoting informed breeding and management choices.

Enhancing Precision: Modern Dairy Environments and Refined Seasonal Adjustments

Recent data analysis has improved seasonal adjustments to reflect the effect on lactation yields of the changing dairy environment. Modern architecture and construction methods have lessened the seasonal impact on yields, hence stressing improvements in dairy settings. The revised approach reveals minor variations by estimating seasonal impacts within five separate climatic zones defined by average state climate scores. This change emphasizes the advantages of better dairy conditions, lessening the need for significant seasonal changes and more accurate genetic tests. This method guarantees lactation yields are assessed in a framework that fairly represents current environmental and management circumstances using region-specific modifications, enabling more precise and fair comparisons of dairy output.

Robust Validation: Testing New Factors Across Decades of Lactation Records

The new parameters were tested rigorously using 101.5 million milk, 100.5 million fat, and 81.2 million protein lactation data from 1960 to 2022. The validation focused on the relationships of Predicted Transmitting Ability (PTAs) for proven bulls born after 2000. Results were rather good, with correlations of 0.999 for Holsteins, above 0.99 for Jerseys and Guernseys, and somewhat lower, ranging from 0.981 to 0.984, for Brown Swiss and Milking Shorthorns. These strong connections underscore the dependability of the new elements. The study also observed minor changes in genetic trends: a decline for Brown Swiss and Jerseys and a rise for Guernseys. These revelations help us better evaluate our genes, guaranteeing justice and ongoing development.

Revolutionizing Genetics: The Full Integration of Constructed IDs into the CDCB Database 

When fully adopted by August 2024, Constructed IDs represent a significant turning point for CDCB. Targeting partial pedigrees, particularly for animals without maternal ancestry information, this invention launched in mid-2023 and ends in July 2024. Constructed IDs link approximately 3.2 million animals in the National Cooperator Database to newly discovered relatives, developed by significant research by USDA AGIL using over a decade of genetic technology experience.

This improvement increases the dependability and accuracy of genetic tests. The worldwide influence is significant given these complex interactions across the closely linked U.S. dairy community. More precise breeding choices help directly impacted and related animals to improve their genetic quality and raise U.S. assessments. Designed IDs strengthen the genetic bases for further development by filling critical pedigree gaps.

Refined Criteria and Data Integration: Elevating Heifer Livability Evaluations for Improved Genetic Precision 

Recent improvements in heifer liability (HLV) show how committed the USDA AGIL and CDCB are to accuracy and dependability in genetic assessments. Fundamental changes exclude recent heifer fatalities from 2022–24 and rectify previously missed data resulting from changes in cow termination codes. These wholly integrated reports improve HLV assessments immediately. Improving the speed and depth of evaluations is a crucial modification that calls for a minimum of 1 percent mortality loss annually for the data of a herd to be legitimate. Faster adaptability to evolving reporting methods made possible by this change from cumulative to yearly criteria guarantees current herd health dynamics are faithfully captured. These improvements have generally resulted in a significant increase in the dependability of HLV assessments, particularly for bulls with daughters in the most recent data sets, generating more robust genetic predictions for offspring and informed breeding choices.

Pioneering Genetic Insights: Brown Swiss Rear Teat Placement (RTP) Evaluation

A significant turning point in dairy cow breeding is the introduction of the conventional and genomic assessment for Brown Swiss Rear Teat Placement (RTP). Using about 15,000 assessments from January 2024, CDCB and USDA AGIL accurately calculated the RTP parameters. On the 50-point linear scale, about 80 percent of the evaluations lie between 25 and 35 points. Heritability for RTP is 0.21, somewhat similar to front teat placement at 0.22; repeatability is 0.33.

Ranges for Rear Teat Placement in Brown Swiss

 Predicted Transmitting Abilities (PTA)Reliabilities
Males-2.4 to 3.10 to 98%
Females-3.7 to 2.90 to 79%

For bulls with reliabilities between 0 and 98% and for women between 0 and 79%, the PTA values for RTP in Brown Swiss are -2.4 to 3.1 and -3.7 to 2.9, respectively. This assessment uses exact measures and rigorous statistical techniques and emphasizes genetic heterogeneity within the breed.

Breeding choices depend on this thorough assessment, which helps farmers choose ideal RTP characteristics, enhancing herd quality and production. Driven by reliable, data-based conclusions, the August 2024 release of these assessments marks a new chapter in Brown Swiss genetics.

Refined Precision: Streamlining Genetic Markers for Enhanced Genomic Predictions 

Effective August 2024, the genetic marker update improved the SNPs used in genomic predictions, lowering the list from 78,964 to 69,200. This exact choosing approach removed low call rates, poor genotyping quality, minor allele frequencies, and markers with minimal effects. The X chromosome’s length allowed all SNPs to be maintained there. This update improved efficiency by helping to reduce processing time and storage usage by 12%. About 74% of the deleted SNPs originated from high-density chips.

Five other gene tests—HH7 and Slick, among others—were also included in the update. Confirming the low effect on trait averages and standard deviations, preliminary studies revealed a roughly 99.6% correlation between genomic predictions from the old and new SNP lists. For animals with less dense genotypes or partial pedigrees, this recalibration improves the accuracy of genetic assessments.

Incorporating Genomic Advancements: Annual Breed Base Representation (BBR) Updates

Accurate genetic evaluations depend on annual Breed Base Representation (BBR) revisions. This update, set for August, guarantees that the most relevant genetic markers are included in BBR calculations. Consistent with past upgrades, a test run based on February 2024 data confirmed the stability and strength of the new SNP set. The CDCB maintains BBR calculations at the forefront of genetic assessment by including this improved SNP set, giving dairy farmers the most reliable data for informed breeding choices.

Integrating Cutting-Edge Gene Test Data: Enhancing Haplotype Calculations for Holstein HH6 and Jersey JNS

A significant step forward in genetic assessments is combining Holstein Haplotypes 6 (HH6) and Jersey Neuropathy with Splayed Forelimbs (JNS) direct gene test data into haplotype calculations. By providing thorough gene test results to CDCB, Neogen and the American Jersey Cattle Association (AJCA) have been instrumental in this process. More exact haplotype estimations have come from including these direct gene tests in imputation procedures. Test runs greatly increase performance, Particularly for animals with gene test results and their offspring. This integration improves genetic prediction accuracy and emphasizes the need for cooperation in enhancing dairy cow genes.

The Bottom Line

Incorporating innovative modifications to maximize yield metrics, genetic evaluations, and pedigree correctness, the August 2024 genetic assessments signal a turning point in dairy herd management. These advances improve the dependability and accuracy of tests. While improved seasonal and parity corrections reflect current conditions, the new 305-AA standardizes yield measures for fair comparisons. We designed IDs to decrease pedigree gaps, improving assessments and criteria for Heifer Livability (HLV) and rear teat placement for Brown Swiss. Simplified genetic markers and combined genomic advances such as HH6 and JNS gene testing further improve assessment accuracy. These developments provide consistent data for farmers, enhancing the general health and output of dairy cows. Supported by a thorough study, the August 2024 assessments mark a significant breakthrough and inspire manufacturers to use these innovative approaches for more sustainability and efficiency.

Key Takeaways:

  • The 305-AA standardized yield records, adjusted to 36 months, replace the previous mature equivalent (ME) adjustments.
  • Implemented new factors enable fairer phenotypic comparisons across cows of different ages, parities, and seasons.
  • Seasonal adjustments are now estimated within regional climate zones, reflecting improved management and housing reducing environmental impact on yields.
  • Implementation of Constructed IDs enhances pedigree completeness and genetic evaluation accuracy.
  • Heifer Livability (HLV) evaluations refined through revised modeling and data integrations, particularly focusing on recent years’ reports.
  • Brown Swiss Rear Teat Placement (RTP) evaluations introduced, offering significant genetic insights with traditional and genomic evaluations.
  • Reduction of SNPs from 78,964 to 69,200 for streamlined genomic predictions, enhancing processing time and accuracy.
  • Annual BBR updates incorporate the new set of SNP markers, ensuring consistency and precision in breed representation.
  • Direct gene tests for Holstein HH6 and Jersey JNS now included in haplotype calculations, improving prediction accuracy.

Summary: 

The CDCB and USDA Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory (AGIL) have introduced a new standardized yield measurement, 305-AA, on August 13, 2024. This change allows fair comparisons among cows of various ages, sexes, and calving seasons. The revised approach estimates seasonal impacts within five separate climatic zones. Robust validation of the new parameters was conducted using 101.5 million milk, 100.5 million fat, and 81.2 million protein lactation data from 1960 to 2022. Results showed good correlations for Holsteins, Jerseys, Guernseys, Brown Swiss, and Milking Shorthorns. The August 2024 genetic assessments represent a significant turning point in dairy herd management, enhancing the dependability and accuracy of genetic tests. Constructed IDs link approximately 3.2 million animals in the National Cooperator Database to newly discovered relatives, improving genetic quality and raising U.S. assessments.

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Dairy Cattle Management: LOST in Transition

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Tuesday, March 4th, 2014

If you were going on a driving holiday … It’s unlikely that you would wait to see your aunt’s holiday album or your sibling’s gas receipts at the end of the trip, before planning your best route.  Trying to plan by waiting for information that hasn`t yet happened or that isn’t yet available to you, is ineffective to say the least.  And yet when we’re trying to get cows from A-Z on the dairy journey, we use information like peak milk and butter fat tests that have little or no value for immediate decision making. Even worse – we let culling rates be the measure of our success.  In our travel analogy, that would be like using number of speeding tickets to determine your destination. While the information is related to the issue and cautionary, it does little to help determine the details of where you are going.

The Transition Cow Journey Needs Clear Signposts

We all know what a transition cow is but do we know what to provide her with in that pre- and post- calving period that is so crucial to her productive and reproductive success?  A survey by Dairy Australia provides thought-provoking statistics.  The survey found that only 65% of farmers use transition cow management and, of those ones using it, only 50% have a management plan in place that meets the cow’s nutritional needs. In other words, only 1/3 of the cows are getting the right treatment.  Furthermore, it means that staff is spending too much time and energy dealing with sick cows.  Not only is this a negative situation from the cow health viewpoint, but it also means that attention is being sidetracked from the needs of the whole herd.

The Transition Journey Needs A Planned Road Trip

There are important questions that must be answered:  

  • Do you know where you`re going?
  • Do you have the information to get there?
  • Are you willing to follow directions?

Five mis-used and over-rated sources of Transition Management:

Check off the ones you are using on your herd as action items.

  • Peak Milk Yield
  • Herd Production Level
  • First Test Day Percent Butter Fat
  • First Test Day Linear SCC
  • Calving Interval

If you’re using any of these you are definitely driving in the wrong direction.  Yes you have information.  But it cannot be used in a timely and effective way!

Are You Ready to Put the Pedal to the Transition Metal?

On the one hand, using the wrong tools is a problem.  On the other hand, not taking action is an even bigger problem. The above tests cannot be used to initiate actions.  The solution of using information for culling purposes does not solve problems such as milk fever, displaced abomasums and low dry matter intake or raise the level of health.  The other problem is timing.   Identifying a problem is great but getting it solved quickly is the priority.

Too Little. Too Late.

The lag time of most of the previously listed monitors is far too long and late. If you don`t take the proper early steps to get your cows through the transition period, you may not have the chance later.  Rather than getting rid of cows, get rid of transition monitors that aren`t working.  By the time you`ve decided to cull a cow, the outcome has been decided.  What is needed are tools that give you the chance to take action, before you have lost time, money and milk production.

Peak Milk has Shortcomings

As a monitor of fresh cow performance, peak milk has at least 5 shortcomings.

  1. It is not the true peak milk.  The reported number is the highest milk produced on any given test day so far during the current lactation. The odds that the test day will coincide with the actual peak milk day for a particular cow are slim. Furthermore Age at freshening, Lactation number, Calving season, Breed of cow, area of country and herd production level all have impact on peak milk. It is impossible to make these adjustments mentally.
  2. It`s too slow. Can you really afford to wait somewhere between 50-90 DIM to learn what a particular cow’s peak milk is?  This lag between the information and the time to take action is far too long. Prompt decisions are needed from all perspectives: cow health; production management and profitability.
  3. It`s simply an average. Averages are often considered useful as benchmarks to measure progress.  However an average that does not indicate the range of values has little of no use in managing the transition of individual animals.  You want to be able to take action regarding the cows that are at the low end.  The high end has particular needs as well that an average doesn`t identify.
  4. It includes more than recently fresh animals. Again it is the breadth of the information that limits its effectiveness in transition cow management. Peak milk measurements often include more than the recently fresh animals thus clouding the information for use in actionable decision making.
  5. It is biased because of cows that have been culled. To earn a peak milk record, a cow must survive in the herd past a second or third test.  Thus cows that left the herd prior to peak milk or ones that are currently in first test are excluded and thus the results are biased.

First Test-Day Percent Butter Fat has Limited Value

Whether higher or lower than normal butterfat tests do not accurately identify the state of the cow’s health.  Butter fat tests can be a moving and therefore a single test day doesn`t identify the direction of the trend.

  1. Higher than “normal” butterfats in individual cows is often a sign of metabolic difficulties. These cows usually are in a state of extremely rapid weight loss. They often have a history of metabolic problems such as ketosis, fatty liver, and/or displaced abomasum.
  2. Lower than “normal” butterfats in individual cows is often a sign of past metabolic difficulties, low body condition score, acidosis, or some combination of the three. These cows usually are very thin. In many cases, these cows are 20-30 days in milk at first test. It is possible that many of these cows would have been quite high if tested at day 8-15, but now are low since essentially no more body fat is available to be lost into the milk.

This likely under-reports problems in cows that are dropping from a “high” to a “low” test as they would not be distinguishable from “normal” cows.

First Test-Day Linear SCC May be Too Late

Unpublished data currently being evaluated suggest animals starting with a higher linear SCC (>4.0) produce 1,000-1,500 pounds less in the coming lactation when compared to cows freshening with lower linear SCC. In addition, recent reports suggest that cows with mastitis in early lactation have lower reproductive performance.  A cow culled in the first month of lactation is a far more expensive economic event than a cow that is replaced at the end of lactation.

Some estimate that the cow value drops about $3 per day after freshening for cows that do not become pregnant. Waiting for a year to see how many cows died from mastitis is a poor way to monitor either clinical or sub-clinical mastitis. Relevant action to take regarding high SCC starts at the drying off period of a previous lactation or at calving for heifers.

So, if those DON’T work, what OPTION is left??

It is easy to find numerous superior tools for monitoring a problem on a dairy.  The first test of the monitor should be that it either highlights another question or leads directly to a required management action.  The herd manager’s interest isn’t in the animals already identified for culling but rather to find those animals where some positive steps can be taken to achieve a positive outcome.  The goal is to move from useless information to useful actions.  Once you have identified the problem you can find the solution.

First Test-Day Mature Equivalent 305-day Projected Milk

Using the first Test Day Mature Equivalent is much faster than the limited monitoring methods previously discussed. The first projection is possible after 8 days in milk. Typically, cows are around 15-20 days in milk at first test. Admittedly, this projection is not 100% accurate in predicting the final 305 completed lactation total milk, but it is a good tool nevertheless. A cow starting with a low projection at first test is not likely to finish with an excellent total at the end of 305 days and is much more likely to be culled.

All DHIs and most on-farm herd management software offers projections of the expected lactation total 305 day milk production. A mature equivalent (ME) projection or Breed Class Average (BCA) further refines this prediction by adjusting all cows to the same age to allow comparison between cows in different lactations.

The ADVANTAGES of 305 day ME Projections

Compared to peak milk, the first test-day 305 day ME projection offers these advantages:

  • Measurement can be made starting at day 8, gaining 45-60 days on lag time.
  • Bias due to culled cow exclusion, although still present, is less.
  • Effect of different test-day days-in-milk is removed.
  • Cows freshening at different ages can be compared one to another.
  • Cows in different lactation numbers can be compared.
  • Cows freshening in different seasons can be compared.
  • Cows freshening in different areas of the country can be compared.
  • Different breeds can be compared.
  • Adjustment is made for herd productivity.

The Bullvine Bottom Line

Getting the right information is the absolute first step if you’re going to properly manage your cattle through the pre-transition and post-transition periods.  It’s crucial for cow health and dairy profitability to be proactive.  If you are not using information that can clearly define what actions to take, you’re program and your profits and your cows will be lost in transition.  It’s time to take a YOU-TURN and map out where you are and where you’re going.  Don’t let stop signs determine your destination.

 

 

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EXIT HERE! It`s Your Cull

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Tuesday, May 7th, 2013

Even though we write from Canada where Supply Management supports against extreme variation in milk prices, there are more and more of our fellow producers in from Canada and the US quietly exiting from the dairy industry. For the time being, total production is maintained by the increased herd size. Whether it`s exiting from the business entirely, or deciding which cattle are not pulling their freight (Read more: Why You Should Get Rid of the Bottom 10%), the decisions you make about the future of each cow directly affect your dairy farming future.

The Numbers are Up

In the US after dropping from high levels in January to a more-normal range in February, slaughter of cull dairy cows crept back up in March. According to the “Livestock Slaughter” report by the USDA on Thursday, April 26th 274,000 dairy cows were slaughtered under federal inspection in March. — up 15,000 head from February, but down 4,000 head from March 2012. In January, the number of slaughtered dairy cows reached 297,000 — the highest monthly slaughter figure since 1986. This high cull rate came as no surprise, since many farms have had to deal with high feed cost and low profitability.

Tough Call! Tough Cull!

When you`re already facing mounting costs on every front, it`s seems disloyal to put any of the blame at the feet (or udders) of the cows you love working with every day. For many, although necessary, it isn`t as easy as firing the bottom 10% (Read more: Why You Should Get Rid of the Bottom 10%). The question involves a full range of variables including the financial, the emotional and all the other “when, why and how” questions.

Say “When!”

Quite often when serving family and friends a beverage we automatically offer the choice, “Say when!” Unfortunately, when the glass of dairy life is filling with the hard issues of debt and sustainability, deciding when enough is enough is much more difficult and definitely not hospitable.

At a basic level the decision to cull less-productive cows is made on how much room is available for housing and/or how many are needed to fill quota. At the financial level, bankers and lenders have definite opinions on keeping the barn full for cash-flow reasons. Ironically, lenders should be the first ones who see the value in pencilling out all the numbers. In an article entitled, “Rewriting Culling Decision with Changing Marketing Decisions” Dr. Jeffrey Brewley of the University of Kentucky urges dairy breeders to consider 4 steps:

  1. Calculate the breakeven production level necessary to cover feed costs.
  2. Each cow, at a minimum, should produce enough milk to cover the costs of the feed she is eating.
  3. Cows below the minimum level must be culled from the herd. As feed prices increase or milk prices decrease, the breakeven production level increases.
  4. Although difficult to consider, if the majority of the herd falls below the breakeven level it is time to seriously consider exiting the dairy industry.

Leaving by Example

The very informative Brewley article provides statistical examples and tables of production costs

Table 1. Breakeven milk production levels (pounds per cow) needed to cover daily feed costs for varying daily feed costs and milk prices.

Table 1. Breakeven milk production levels (pounds per cow) needed to cover daily feed costs for varying daily feed costs and milk prices.

“For example, when milk prices are high ($25 per cwt) and feed prices are low ($4 per cow per day), breakeven milk production level to cover just feed costs is only 16 pounds per cow per day.
On the other hand, when feed costs are high ($10 per cow per day) and milk prices are low ($12 per cwt), breakeven milk production level is 83 pounds per cow per day. With today’s feed costs for many herds in the $8- to $10-per-cow range with milk prices around $20 per cwt, breakeven milk production levels range from 40 to 50 pounds. As feed and milk prices change, dairy producers need to re-evaluate when cows should be culled.” Jeffrey Brewley goes on to say,” This method for calculating when to cull dairy cows only accounts for feed costs. Feed costs account for the largest percent of total costs (50 to 75 percent) but do not account for all costs.
Thus, the true breakeven milk production level will be a few pounds higher and will vary considerably from farm to farm.”

Beyond the Milk

Unfortunately, culling decisions are seldom based on a single factor. For a cow beyond mid-lactation the most important issue is whether or not she is pregnant. Cows pregnant in later lactation and producing below daily feed costs can be dried off early. Of course, the future for these cows depends on other factors such as the feed costs during her dry period, the length of the dry period and the projection of whether she will be able to produce enough to pay for the next lactation. Finally, the availability of a replacement for her must be factored in.

“Show Me the Money!”

The constant repetition of the demand for the sports agent in the movie Jerry McGuire to “Show Me the Money” was humorous but not entirely without a reasonable basis for sustaining a profitable dairy business. The actual calculations for this “money showing” retention pay-off are fairly complex. Dr. David Galligan from the University of Pennsylvania has an excellent dashboard to calculate the retention pay-off for an individual cow in your herd (Click here to view this dashboard). The concept is also useful when deciding what cows to cull. It comes down to weighing of the future income potential compared to the income potential of the replacement heifer brought into the herd. Culling is recommended when numbers show that the future heifer will outperform the present cow.

How Old is Too Old?

Experts, such as Dr. Greg Bethard of G&R Dairy Consulting Inc., caution that the bottom line on culling decisions is also affected by the age of the animals involved and the decisions are different for younger cows than they are for older ones. “The future income potential of an older cow is limited. The future income potential of a pregnant cow in late gestation is much higher than that of an open cow. The future income potential of a non-lame, low SCC cow is higher than a lame, chronically high SCC cow.” The list of cull reasons for your particular situation could be much longer than the ones mentioned here. The basic points to consider are:

  1.   Every milking cow needs to cover the cost of the feed she consumes. No debate.
  2. Pencil in the realistic amount earned by the current animal compared to the potential income from her replacement. Do the math.

The Bullvine Bottom Line

Business minded breeders are finding that culling is key. With such important decisions affecting success on the dairy farm, your knowledge of your own herd, your cows and your marketplace is the key to your survival. It’s your cull.

 

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